Biotin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of fats and amino acids. It plays a role in various metabolic reactions involved in cell growth, fatty acid synthesis, and protein synthesis. Biotin deficiency is rare in humans but can result from consuming large amounts of raw egg whites due to the avidin protein binding to biotin and preventing its absorption. Mild deficiency symptoms include dermatitis, hair loss, and fatigue.

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Biotin
previously it was known as vitamin H
it functions as co-enzyme.
Biotin is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes,
involved in the synthesis of fatty acids,
isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis

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Dean Burk, American biochemist who co-discovered biotin.

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sources
PLANT Cauliflower,
whole wheat leaf
vegetables,
Tomatoes, Carrots,
Dates, sweet potatoes
ANIMAL Egg yolk
(richest source), Cheese,
liver & yeast

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Daily requirement
Men – women – 100- 200 mcg
Children – 50-200 mcg.
Infant – 35 mcg

8. BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS OF
BIOTIN
Biotin is a prosthetic group of some enzymes
catalyzing CO2
transfer or CO2
fixation
reactions.
1. Formation of malonyl-CoA from acety-CoA
and CO2
2. Pyruvate carboxylase Reaction: Here
pyruvate forms oxaloacetate.

9. 3. Formation of carbamoyl-PO4: NH3, CO2
and ATP requires biotin to form
carbamyl-PO4 in presence of carbamyl-
PO4 synthetase.
4. Formation of β-methylglutaconyl-CoA
from β-methylcrotonyl-CoA. It is an
intermediate reaction in leucine
metabolism

10. 5. Biotin influences other enzyme systems
e.g. succinate dehydrogenase,
decarboxylase and aminoacid
deaminases. Here CO2 is used for the
formation of aspartic acid, serine and
threonine.
6. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase reaction
requires biotin
ATP
Propionyl-CoA+CO2 → Methylmalonyl-CoA
ADP+Pi

11. PROTEIN PRESENT IN RAW EGG
• Biotin binds very tightly to the
tetrameric protein avidin

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DEFICIENCY
Seborrheic dermatitis
Fine and brittle hair
Hair loss or total alopecia
Loss of appetite & sleep
Muscular pains
oral – fleshy part of tongue may waste away.

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MANAGEMENT
20mcg of biotin taken daily for 10 days IM
can heal skin lesions
oral biotin to be taken in amounts of 400mcg
daily for 8-12 week.

14. SUMMARY
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15. • Biotin is necessary for cell growth, the
production of fatty acids, and the
metabolism of fats and amino acids. It
plays a role
• in the citric acid cycle, which is the
process by which biochemical energy
is generated during aerobic respiration.
Biotin not only assists in

16. • various metabolic reactions, but also
helps to transfer carbon dioxide.
• It may also be helpful in maintaining a
steady blood sugar level.

17. • Biotin is often recommended as a
dietary supplement for strengthening
hair and nails, though scientific data
supporting this usage are
weak.Nevertheless, biotin is found in
many cosmetics and health products
for the hair and skin

18. • Biotin deficiency is rare and mild, and
can be addressed with supplementation.
It is caused by the consumption of raw
• Egg Whites (two or more daily for several
months) due the avidin they contain, a
protein which binds extremely strongly
Avidin denatures upon heating (cooking),
while the biotin remains intact.

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FUNCTIONS
cell growth
synthesis fatty acids.
formation of purines essential constituents
of DNA, RNA.
helps in strengthening of nails & hair. it also
prevents premature graying of the hair as well
as a hair loss.