Vitamin B12- definition, functions, absorption, storage, transportation, deficiency, pernicious anemia, relationship between vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, sign & symptoms, deficiency in case of maternal & child health care, RDA, sources, prevention and treatment.
Vitamin B12- Chemistry, functions and clinical significanceNamrata Chhabra
Vitamin B12- Chemical structure, Forms of B12, Sources, absorption, storage, transportation, metabolic role, deficiency, megaloblastic anemia and neurological changes, laboratory diagnosis and treatment
Vitamin B12- definition, functions, absorption, storage, transportation, deficiency, pernicious anemia, relationship between vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, sign & symptoms, deficiency in case of maternal & child health care, RDA, sources, prevention and treatment.
Vitamin B12- Chemistry, functions and clinical significanceNamrata Chhabra
Vitamin B12- Chemical structure, Forms of B12, Sources, absorption, storage, transportation, metabolic role, deficiency, megaloblastic anemia and neurological changes, laboratory diagnosis and treatment
ALL ABOUT VITAMINS VITAMIN B6, B7, B12 AND FOLIC ACIDSKYFALL
Vitamins are nutrients which are required in micro grams.They are essential for normal function of the body.They act as cofactors and prosthetic groups for enzymes
this presentation is about Vitamin B6 which include structure , biochemical function , biochemical reaction, effect of deficiency of vitamin B6, Toxicity and function of Vitamin B6.
Vitamin C introduction, Chemistry of Vitamin C, Biochemical Role of Vitamin C, (Collagen formation, Bone formation, Immunological response, Synthesis of Catacholamines, ), Recommended dietary Allowance of Vitamin C, Dietary Sources of Vitamin C, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin C, Food preparation to retain Vitamin C.
Cobalamin is also called vitamin b12.
Group of compounds called corrinoids (a group of cobalamin)- Coenzyme form: methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin are forms of vitamin B12 in the human body- Humans can convert most of the other cobalamins into an active coenzyme form.
Once absorbed, cobalamin travels in the portal blood to the liver, and then to the rest ofthe body, bound to the transport protein, transcobalamin
Methionine synthase- converts homocysteine to methionine. Reduces blood homocysteine concentrations (reduces CVD).
Chemistry of Vitamin K, Biochemical role of Vitamin K, Recommended dietary allowance of Vitamin K, Dietary sources of Vitamin K, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin K, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin K, Toxicity of Vitamin K
B12 metabolism..................................... and role of various proteins in b12 metabolism..... necessity of supplementation..........................................
ALL ABOUT VITAMINS VITAMIN B6, B7, B12 AND FOLIC ACIDSKYFALL
Vitamins are nutrients which are required in micro grams.They are essential for normal function of the body.They act as cofactors and prosthetic groups for enzymes
this presentation is about Vitamin B6 which include structure , biochemical function , biochemical reaction, effect of deficiency of vitamin B6, Toxicity and function of Vitamin B6.
Vitamin C introduction, Chemistry of Vitamin C, Biochemical Role of Vitamin C, (Collagen formation, Bone formation, Immunological response, Synthesis of Catacholamines, ), Recommended dietary Allowance of Vitamin C, Dietary Sources of Vitamin C, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin C, Food preparation to retain Vitamin C.
Cobalamin is also called vitamin b12.
Group of compounds called corrinoids (a group of cobalamin)- Coenzyme form: methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin are forms of vitamin B12 in the human body- Humans can convert most of the other cobalamins into an active coenzyme form.
Once absorbed, cobalamin travels in the portal blood to the liver, and then to the rest ofthe body, bound to the transport protein, transcobalamin
Methionine synthase- converts homocysteine to methionine. Reduces blood homocysteine concentrations (reduces CVD).
Chemistry of Vitamin K, Biochemical role of Vitamin K, Recommended dietary allowance of Vitamin K, Dietary sources of Vitamin K, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin K, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin K, Toxicity of Vitamin K
B12 metabolism..................................... and role of various proteins in b12 metabolism..... necessity of supplementation..........................................
Similar to VITAMIN B12[CYNACOBALAMIN][COBALAMIN],SOURCES OFVITAMIN B12,VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS, USES OF VITAMIN B12, PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE,PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF VITAMIN B12. BY P.RAVISANKAR.
Six patients with pernicious anemia were given daily inhalation as smoking vitamins can help in a rapid rise in its level. The therapy worked in complete clinical and hematological remission of vitamin B12.
Before settling for the hype, you need to know what vitamin B12 is and what its role is in our body. Here we discuss if you are falling off the optimal levels and what to do if you are.
Visit - https://inhalevitamins.medium.com/why-does-your-body-need-b12-vitamin-5fa4597b4119
Similar to VITAMIN B12[CYNACOBALAMIN][COBALAMIN],SOURCES OFVITAMIN B12,VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS, USES OF VITAMIN B12, PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE,PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF VITAMIN B12. BY P.RAVISANKAR. (20)
002. Cephalosporins for students 2023 Prof. P. Ravisankar.pdfDr. Ravi Sankar
Cephalosporins, Why Cephalosporins? Advantages of cephalosporins over penicillin, Mechanism of action of cephalosporins, Classification of cephalosporins, Structures of some important cephalosporins and cephamycins, Oximinocephalosporins, SAR of cephalosporins,Hydrolytic reactions, degradation and stability of cephalosporins, Uses of cephalosporins, Comparison between 6-APA and 7-ACA and penam and cepham.
1a. Prof. P. Ravisankar, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur, AP., Ind...Dr. Ravi Sankar
Antibiotics, characteristics of an antibiotic, Brief historical background of antibiotics, Modern History of antibiotics, Classification of antibiotics, four groups of beta-lactam antibiotics, Classification of Penicillins, Penicillinase resistant Penicillins, Narrow spectrum anti-staphylococcal Penicillins, Amino Penicillins, Nomenclature of Penicillins, Stereochemistry of Penicillins, Hydrolysis of Penicillins, SAR of Penicillins, Mechanism of Penicillins, Beta-lactamase inhibitors, Therapeutic uses of Penicillins, Penicillin advantages, and disadvantages, Hypersensitivity or allergic reactions of Penicillins.
Tetracyclines are Octahydro napthacene derivatives which are bacteriostatic potent broad spectrum antibiotics and are the most widely prescribed form of antibiotic after penicillins.
TETRA means = four
CYCL means = hydrocarbon rings
INE means = derivation.
Tetracyclines are introduced 50 years ago as potent broad spectrum antibiotics.
They are biosynthesized form acetic acid and propionic acid units in microorganisms.
Finally, one of the best ways of reducing cancer is …..
Cancer prevention is an essential component of all cancer control plans because about 40 % of cancers are preventable.
Firstly…Public education campaigns are important in highlighting the dangers of smoking because possibly as many as 22 % (in the UK 30%) of cancers are caused by smoking.
Secondly, another 30% of cancers are diet-related. Decades of research have clearly shown that by living a healthy life, people can reduce the risk of developing the disease.
Screening tests help in finding Cancer earlier before developing any symptoms.
The benefits of eating high-fiber foods, fruit, and vegetables.
Epigallocatechin gallate, an antioxidant present in green tea, is another potential protective agent.
Finally, The new research funded by the UK and USA which aims to show the number of cancer cases could be prevented by known lifestyle and environmental factors,
like being a non-smoker, keeping a healthy weight, drinking less alcohol, eating a healthy balanced diet, and avoiding being exposed to certain infections or radiation.
Every country, regardless of resource level, can take steps to curb the cancer epidemic, save lives and prevent unnecessary suffering.
Finally, cancer prevention efforts should be preceded by a systematic planning process on cancer control.
Antibiotics definition, Early and modern history, classification of antibiotics, Mechanism of antibacterial action, bacterial cell and drug targets, penicillins nomenclature, degradation reactions of penicillins, medical classification of penicillins, SAR of penicillins, Mechanism of penicillins, Betalactamase inhibitors, Therapeutic uses of penicillins, toxicity of penicillins, Side effects of penicillins.
NOVEL SEPARATION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF LEVOFLOXACIN, PRULIFLOXACI...Dr. Ravi Sankar
The core AIM of the present study is to develop a novel, rapid, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method for simultaneous separation and quantification of six fluoroquinolones OF LEVOFLOXACIN (LEVO), PRULIFLOXACIN (PRFX), GATIFLOXACIN (GATI), SPARFLOXACIN (SPAR), MOXIFLOXAXIN (MOXI) AND BALOFLOXACIN (BALO) for the the day to day analysis.
The author felt that a novel single method for separation and quantification of all the above said drugs on single chromatographic system without any minor changes in detection wavelength and mobile phase composition.
To develop rapid, sensitive and economical analytical method based on HPLC for separation and estimation of six fluoroquinolones pharmaceutical dosage forms.
To develop method with shorter run time and better sensitivity.
Reducing the solvent consumption to make it more eco-friendly.
Avoid the column damage by minimizing the buffer strength and pH of mobile phase than reported methods.
To validate the method for different parameters like Accuracy, Precision, Linearity, specificity, Robustness International Conference on Harmonization ICH Q2(R1) guidelines..
To apply the developed RP-HPLC method in the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations.
Analytical method development and validation of novel Levofloxacin, Pruliflox...Dr. Ravi Sankar
For the first time simple, selective, sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed for the separation and quantitative development of LEVO, PRFX, GATI, SPAR, MOXI and BALO relating to fluoroquinolone anti bacterials in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The most important advantage of developed method was that the 6 separate drugs can be determined on a single chromatographic system without modifications in detection wavelength and mobile phase by RP-HPLC. The chromatographic separation of the selected drugs was carried out on Welchrom C18 column consisting of 250 mm X 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size utilizing mixture of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.1): Acetonitrile in the ratio of 70:30,v/v as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1mL/min with detection wave length at 293 nm by using UV spectrophotometric detector with total run time of 10 minutes and 3.613, 4.230, 4.707, 5.497, 5.880 and 6.253 minutes of retention time obtained for LEVO, PRFX, GATI, SPAR, MOXI and BALO respectively. All calibration curves for six drugs showed indicated linearity over a concentration range of 2-10 µg/mL. The results regarding to limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for LEVO, PRFX, GATI, SPAR, MOXI and BALO were found to be 0.116 µg/mL and 0.348 µg/mL; 0.152 µg/mL and 0.460 µg/mL; 0.084 µg/mL and 0.255 µg/mL; 0.186 µg/mL and 0.558 µg/mL, 0.162 and 0.493, 0.112 and 0.390 respectively. These results clearly show low values of LOD and LOQ. The said developed method was ultimately utilized for quantification of marketed formulation.
NOVEL SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FOUR SARTANS...Dr. Ravi Sankar
The core AIM of the present study is to develop a novel, rapid, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method for simultaneous separation and quantification of Hydrochlorothiazide along with four sartans Telmisartan(TELM), Losartan(LOSA), Olmesartan(OLME) and Valsartan(VALS).
To develop Novel methods for separation and quantification of all the above said drugs on single chromatographic system without any minor changes in detection wavelength and mobile phase composition.
Total quality management (TQM), and current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP...Dr. Ravi Sankar
TQM, cGMP, Introduction, Definition, Importance, TQM frame work, Key concepts (Principles) of TQM, specific steps in the cycle, Benefits of TQM, cGMP, principles of GMP, Improtance of GMP, why GMP established?, difference between GMP and cGMP, GMP and cGMP regulations, code of federal regulations.
Tetracyclines BY Dr. P. Ravisankar M. Pharm., Ph.D.Dr. Ravi Sankar
Tetracyclines by Dr. P. Ravisankar M. Pharm., Ph.D.
Definition
Introduction
Classification
Historical background
Sources
Chemistry
SAR of tetracyclines
Mechanism of action of tetracyclines
Spectrum of activity
Uses of tetracyclines
Side effects of tetracyclines
Dr. P. Ravisankar M. Pharm., Ph.D.
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Definition
Introduction
Classification
Structures,Functions,Deficiency,Diseases,Toxicity and uses.
Introduction to diuretics.
Therapeutic approaches.
Normal physiology of urine formation.
Classification of drugs .
Mechanism of action of Acetazolamide.
Mechanism of action of Thiazides.
Mechanism of action of Loop diuretics.
Mechanism of action of potassium sparing diuretics &aldosterone antagonists.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) (OR) cobalamin.
Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water
soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and
nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight
B vitamins.
It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body,
especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid
synthesis and energy production.
As the largest and most structurally complicated and last B vitamin to be
discovered and first natural product consisting cobalt. it can be
produced industrially only through bacterial fermentation-synthesis.
It is produced by anaerobic bacteria like streptomyces species not by
plants and animals.
Vitamin B12 also called as anti-pernicious anaemia factor (APA-factor)
it should be used in the treatment of pernicious anaemia.
The co-enzyme form of vitaminB12 is known as biologic Grignard
reagent.
4. Vitamin B12 is found in foods that come from animals, including fish and
shellfish, meat (especially liver), poultry, eggs, milk, and milk .
While lacto-ovo vegetarians usually get enough B12 through consuming
dairy products, vegans will lack B12 unless they consume multivitamin
supplements or B12-fortified foods.
Examples of fortified foods include fortified breakfast cereals, fortified soy
products, fortified energy bars, and fortified nutritional yeast.
Cheese
Oysters
Liver of animals like Pig,fish,Horse.
5. Category
Witamin B12
Nutritional
standards
(µg / day)
kids 1-3 years 0,9
kids 4-8 years 1,2
boys 9-13 years 1,8
young man 14-18 years 2.4
man 19-30 years 2,4
man 31-50 years 2,4
man 50-70 years 2,4
man over 70 years 2,4
girls-13 years 1,8
young female 14-18
years
2,4
women 19-30 years 2,4
women 31-50 years 2,4
women 50-70 years 2,4
women over 70 years 2,4
pregnat woman 18 years 2,6
pregnat woman 19-30
years
2,6
pregnat woman 31-50
years
2,6
pregnat woman 18 years 2,8
nursing woman 19-30
years
2,8
nursing woman 31-50
years
2,8
Recommended Dietary allowance (RDA)
6. Structure and chemistry of vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is the most chemically complex and unique
structure amongst all B-vitamins.
The structure of B12 is based on a corrin ring, which is similar
to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and
cytochrome.
The central metal ion is cobalt. Four of the six coordination
sites are provided by the corrin ring, and a fifth by a
dimethylbenzimidazole group.
The sixth coordination site, the center of reactivity, is variable,
being a cyano group (-CN),(hence the name cyanocobalamin)
a hydroxyl group (-OH), a methyl group (-CH3) or a 5'-deoxy
adenosyl group (here the C5' atom of the deoxyribose forms the
covalent bond with Co), respectively, to yield the four B12
forms.
Historically, the covalent C-Co bond is one of first examples of
carbon-metal bonds to be discovered in biology.
7. The name "corrin" was proposed by those who established its structure because
it is the core of the vitamin B-12 molecule; the letters "co" of corrin are not
derived from the fact that vitamin B-12 contains cobalt.
The name "corrin" was proposed by those who established its structure because it
is the core of the vitamin B-12 molecule; the letters "co" of corrin are not derived
from the fact that vitamin B-12 contains cobalt.
8. D-1-amino-2-propanol at position f, is
named cobinic acid
aminopropanol by an a-D-ribofuranose 3-phosphate residue (V) is named
cobamic acid; its hexaamide (III; R = NH2, R' = V) is named cobamide.
9.
10. 5,6 dimethyl -benzimidazole
1-amino-2-propanol
D-ribofuranose 3-phosphate residue at position 2
4 reduced
and substituted
pyrrole rings ----
(Corrin ring)
Structure of vitamin B12
cobalt atom in the
center of the macro
cyclic ring.
heptacarboxylic acid(cobyric acid)
its hexaamide (cobinamide)
1
23
4
α-
The atoms are numbered and the
rings are lettered as shown in
structure I. The numbering is thus
the same as that of the porphyrin
nucleus, number 20 being omitted
to preserve the identity.
11. The foremost benefit of vitamin B12 is the function that it
performs. Vitamin B12 is necessary for the proper working of our
nervous system and the brain.
It also contributes in improving and maintaining the metabolic
system of the body.
Adequate quantities of vitamin B12 help in treating diseases and
disorders such as, diabetes, insomnia, allergies, osteoporosis,
asthma, etc.
Presence of vitamin B12 in the body, helps minimize the
chances of pernicious anemia.
Vitamin B12 also helps in relieving fatigue and contributes to the
improvement of concentration of a person.
Sufficient quantities of vitamin B12 help in the generation of
genetic material called DNA.
In recent times, vitamin B12 and weight loss, have been linked
together. However, there is no direct evidence found in this
regard. The only trace that can be found in this association is the
improvement in the rate of metabolic process and digestion
process on consuming vitamin B12.
12. . The most common vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms are, shortness of
breath, insomnia, memory loss, depression, fatigue, tiredness, pernicious
anemia, sores in the mouth corner, eye twitching, migraine, headaches, etc.
Some of the common vitamin B12 side effects include, breathing problems,
heart palpitations, chest pain, skin rashes, panic attacks, anxiety and itching
vitamin B12 deficiency, if left untreated can result in anemia, as well as
irreversible nerve and brain damage.
Deficiency of vitamin B12 can result in fatigue and apathy, back pain, weight
loss, bone loss, difficulty with balance andreflexes, abnormal gait, tingling
fingers, tinnitus, eye disorders, hallucinations and migraine headaches
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms
low levels of vitamin B12 are at increased risk of
having brain atrophy or shrinkage. Brain atrophy is
associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
B12 deficiency, if left untreated can result in
anemia, as well as irreversible nerve and brain
damage.
14. What are the causes of vitamin B12 deficiency?
· pernicious anemia is caused by an autoimmune disease; the
person’s own immune system attacks good parts of the body, as if they
were bacteria or viruses.
The immune system of patients with pernicious anemia creates
antibodies which attack the lining of the stomach, damaging cells that
produce intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is a substance that is secreted
by the gastric mucous membrane (lining of the stomach) and is vital for
the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestines. If the production of
intrinsic factor is undermined, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed into the
body properly.
· Bowel problem - patients with Crohn’s disease, as well as people
who have had their bowels surgically shortened, may have problems
absorbing vitamin B12 into their bloodstream.
Vegan diet - some people who follow a vegan diet may suffer from
B12 deficiency if they do not eat fortified foods, or some types of yeast.
15. lack of vitamin B12 in the blood can lead to a blood disorder called
pernicious anemia. Those with the disorder are unable to produce enough of
a protein substance - IF (intrinsic factor) - in their stomach that allows their
body to absorb vitamin B12.
16. What are the treatment options for B12 deficiency?
Hydroxocobalamin injections - this is a form of B12. It is injected into a muscle
every two to four days. After about six injections the patient should have a good
store of B12.
Most patients require booster injections of B12 every three months for the rest of
their lives.
Assay:
25 mg of cyanocobalamin
Dissolve in water
Make volume upto 1000ml with water
Measurement of absorbance at 361 nm.
Determination of net content of vitamin B12by taking
A1%
1cm values as 207 at 361nm.
17. Uses of vitamin B12
•In the treatment of megaloblastic anaemia and psychiatric desorders.
•Pernicious anaemia.
•It is also used in deficiency of vitamin B12 caused by its insufficient intake due to
malabsorption,prolonged cemotherapy and by fish tapeworm infestation.
•It is used prophylactically after surgeries of the site of IF(intrinsic factor)prduction
or the site of vitamin B12 absorption is removed.
Researchers recently reported
that it is also useful in reducing
Breast cancer,
Lung cancer,stroke,fatigue,
cardiovascular disease,
Alzheimer's disease.
Folic acid 1mg
vitaminB12-400mcg
pyridoxine-10mg
taking daily
decreases
the
restenosis
in ballon
angioplasty
patients.
18. Physiological Importance(pharmacological aspects) of vitaminB12.
The vitamin B12 is one of the B vitamins which are important to maintain a
healthy body.
The Vitamin B12 is required for the processes to change the
carbohydrates, fats and proteins from food into energy.
Vitamin B12 also, more importantly, helps maintain the red blood cells
healthy and thus prevent heart disease along with maintaining the
immune system functioning at its optimum level
. In addition, Vitamin B12 is utilized to produce the protective covering of
all nerve cells in the body.
The most important function of Vitamin B12 is to form healthy red blood
cells.
All of the nerve cells in the body also need Vitamin B12 to form their
protective fatty layer. This really is essential for all of the nerves but is
specifically so for those in the brain. If there's not sufficient Vitamin B12 to
produce this protective layer then the brain will not be functioning
properly
Interestingly, the amount of Vitamin B12 that the body requires is rather
small but is needed on a regular basis. Nevertheless, Vitamin B12 on its
own isn't enough as the body cannot absorb it very easily. To help the body
absorb Vitamin B12, the stomach produces intrinsic factor (IF) which
enables more of the Vitamin B12 to be absorbed.
19. Vitamin B12 is converted in to its co-enzyme form in the body.
This vitamin B12 co-enzymes is involved in many bio-chemical reactions occuring
in the body like.
1. Isomerization.
Conversion of L-glutamic acid to L-β-Methyl aspartic acid.
2. Formation of lipids from carbohydrates.
3. Metabolism of deoxyriboses.
4.Transmethylation.
-It acts on bone marrow resulting in an increase in WBC and platelet count.
-It is required for the formation and maturation of RBC's.
20. Vitamin B-12 can give you the energy and focus you need to do the things you love -
but it gives you so much more than just energy.
Boost your energy levels
Reduce the level of harmful homocysteine in your body
Lower your risk of heart disease and stroke
Combat depression and the blues
Diminish your risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease
Restore mental clarity and emotional balance
There's so much more that B12 can do to help you improve your health and well-being.