Vitamin E MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
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Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant. It exists in various forms, with alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active form. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from damage by reacting with and terminating free radicals. It also plays a role in reproduction, blood flow, and the electron transport system. Dietary sources include vegetable oils, nuts and green leafy vegetables. A deficiency can impact muscle function, blood cell health, and reproduction.
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VIitamin - E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in various forms and is an important antioxidant. It protects cell membranes from oxidative damage and supports reproductive health. The main dietary sources are soy, sunflower, and safflower oils. Vitamin E is absorbed with fat and transported through the body associated with lipoproteins. It is stored in tissues like liver and adipose tissue. Recommended daily intake ranges from 15mg for adults to 4-12mg for children and pregnant/lactating women. Topical vitamin E formulations can treat skin conditions and reduce wrinkles.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as both tocopherols and tocotrienols. It is an important antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage by reacting with lipid radicals produced in the body during oxidation. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E is absorbed with dietary fat and transported throughout the body associated with lipoproteins. A deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia, muscular dystrophy, and neurological problems due to increased lipid peroxidation in tissues.
Vitamin e
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from damage. It is essential for neurological function and reproduction. A lack of vitamin E can cause neurological issues like difficulty coordinating movements and peripheral neuropathy. While vitamin E supplements are generally safe, more research is still needed on their long-term health effects for conditions like heart disease and cancer prevention. Vitamin E is especially important for premature infants to prevent complications like anemia and hemolysis.
Vitamin E
This document provides information on vitamin E, including its structure, functions, recommended dietary allowance, absorption, and deficiency manifestations. It notes that vitamin E was first isolated in 1936 and named tocopherol. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. It acts as an antioxidant, protects cell membranes, and works with selenium. The recommended daily intake is 15 mg or 33 IU. Vitamin E deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and retrolental fibroplasia in premature babies.
Vitamin e
Vitamins are the trace elements required by our body.They may not be required in large amount such as carbohydrate, protein or lipid but are required in trace amount to maintain the metabolic reactions going on in our body. Vitamins are mainly of two types: fat soluble and lipid soluble. Lipid soluble vitamins are stored in our body.
Vitamin E is one of the fat soluble vitamins.Its main actions is to scavenge the free radicals. Thus is the major component of our natural anti-oxidant system.It also plays important role in certain biological functions.
Vitamin e
This document discusses vitamin E, including its dietary sources, biochemical functions, absorption and transport, recommended daily allowance, deficiency symptoms, and toxicity. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation and protects cell membranes. Key dietary sources include nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. The RDA for vitamin E is 15 mg/day for adults. Deficiency can cause neurological and muscle problems, while toxicity is rare and requires extremely high doses over 1000 mg/day.
Vitamin E and its clinical applications
A comprehensive presentation on Vitamin E and its clinical applications for MBBS, BDS, Biotechnology and BPham students to facilitate self-study.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that maintains the fluidity of cell membranes. It has eight naturally occurring forms, with alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active form in humans. Vitamin E is absorbed along with dietary fats and transported to the liver and then throughout the body. It acts as a chain-breaking antioxidant, protecting cells from free radical damage. Good dietary sources include vegetable oils, broccoli, and fish. While deficiency is rare, it can cause hemolytic anemia and neurological issues. Vitamin E supplements are sometimes used to treat conditions like restless leg syndrome and stress.
Recommended
VIitamin - E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in various forms and is an important antioxidant. It protects cell membranes from oxidative damage and supports reproductive health. The main dietary sources are soy, sunflower, and safflower oils. Vitamin E is absorbed with fat and transported through the body associated with lipoproteins. It is stored in tissues like liver and adipose tissue. Recommended daily intake ranges from 15mg for adults to 4-12mg for children and pregnant/lactating women. Topical vitamin E formulations can treat skin conditions and reduce wrinkles.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as both tocopherols and tocotrienols. It is an important antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage by reacting with lipid radicals produced in the body during oxidation. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E is absorbed with dietary fat and transported throughout the body associated with lipoproteins. A deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia, muscular dystrophy, and neurological problems due to increased lipid peroxidation in tissues.
Vitamin e
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from damage. It is essential for neurological function and reproduction. A lack of vitamin E can cause neurological issues like difficulty coordinating movements and peripheral neuropathy. While vitamin E supplements are generally safe, more research is still needed on their long-term health effects for conditions like heart disease and cancer prevention. Vitamin E is especially important for premature infants to prevent complications like anemia and hemolysis.
Vitamin E
This document provides information on vitamin E, including its structure, functions, recommended dietary allowance, absorption, and deficiency manifestations. It notes that vitamin E was first isolated in 1936 and named tocopherol. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. It acts as an antioxidant, protects cell membranes, and works with selenium. The recommended daily intake is 15 mg or 33 IU. Vitamin E deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and retrolental fibroplasia in premature babies.
Vitamin e
Vitamins are the trace elements required by our body.They may not be required in large amount such as carbohydrate, protein or lipid but are required in trace amount to maintain the metabolic reactions going on in our body. Vitamins are mainly of two types: fat soluble and lipid soluble. Lipid soluble vitamins are stored in our body.
Vitamin E is one of the fat soluble vitamins.Its main actions is to scavenge the free radicals. Thus is the major component of our natural anti-oxidant system.It also plays important role in certain biological functions.
Vitamin e
This document discusses vitamin E, including its dietary sources, biochemical functions, absorption and transport, recommended daily allowance, deficiency symptoms, and toxicity. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation and protects cell membranes. Key dietary sources include nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. The RDA for vitamin E is 15 mg/day for adults. Deficiency can cause neurological and muscle problems, while toxicity is rare and requires extremely high doses over 1000 mg/day.
Vitamin E and its clinical applications
A comprehensive presentation on Vitamin E and its clinical applications for MBBS, BDS, Biotechnology and BPham students to facilitate self-study.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that maintains the fluidity of cell membranes. It has eight naturally occurring forms, with alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active form in humans. Vitamin E is absorbed along with dietary fats and transported to the liver and then throughout the body. It acts as a chain-breaking antioxidant, protecting cells from free radical damage. Good dietary sources include vegetable oils, broccoli, and fish. While deficiency is rare, it can cause hemolytic anemia and neurological issues. Vitamin E supplements are sometimes used to treat conditions like restless leg syndrome and stress.
Vitamin e by javeria
This document discusses vitamin E, including its structure, sources, roles in the body, health benefits, and deficiencies. Some key points:
- Vitamin E plays a role in maintaining health of tissues and can protect lungs from pollution. Major sources include sunflower seeds, almonds, and avocados.
- It has benefits such as reducing risks of cataracts, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and respiratory infections. High doses may improve insulin resistance and blood sugar control.
- Deficiency can occur in premature infants and those with fat malabsorption issues. Symptoms include anemia. Overdosing on high levels may cause side effects like nausea and interfere with absorption of vitamins A and K.
vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient found in many foods. In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are compounds formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy.
Vitamin e
Chemistry of Vitamin E, Biochemical role of Vitamin E, Recommended dietary Allowances, Dietary sources of Vitamin E, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin E, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin E, Toxicity of Vitamin E,
Vitamin D
Vitamin D, also known as the sunshine vitamin, can be produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB light or obtained in the diet. It plays an important role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Dietary requirements are minimal as the body can produce vitamin D3 in the skin, but certain groups like the elderly are at higher risk of deficiency. Deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, weak bones and bone pain.
VITAMIN E (MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY) BY P.RAVI SANKAR. [INTRODUCTION,STRUCTURES O...
VITAMIN E (MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY) BY P.RAVI SANKAR. [INTRODUCTION,STRUCTURES OF TOCOPHEROLS,CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN E,RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE,DIETARY SOURCES ANS SUPPLEMENTS, PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE RO IMPORTANCE,USES OF VITAMIN E, SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE EFFECTS, VITAMIN E PREPARATIONS
Vitamin k and e
Vitamins are essential nutrients required in small amounts for specific biological functions. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that prevents cell damage and aids in red blood cell formation. Vitamin K is required for blood clotting as it allows clotting factors to bind calcium. Hypophosphatasia is a rare bone disorder caused by alkaline phosphatase deficiency, causing skeletal abnormalities and tooth loss. It ranges from severe in infants to mild in adults.
Vitamin E
This document provides information on vitamin E, including its chemistry, sources, pharmacological properties, therapeutic uses, contraindications, interactions, deficiency symptoms, side effects, and hypervitaminosis. Some key sources of vitamin E include sunflower seeds, almonds, hazelnuts, peanuts, and pine nuts. Vitamin E has properties such as preventing oxidative stress and supporting healthy skin. Therapeutic uses include conditions like angina, acne, Alzheimer's, and cancer. High doses may prolong bleeding time, while deficiency can cause digestive issues and neuropathy.
VITAMIN E - NUTRITIONAL STUDY.
Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 and is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as tocopherols and tocotrienols. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form that acts as an antioxidant to protect tissues from free radical damage. Vitamin E is obtained through foods like vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. It helps maintain immune function, supports red blood cell formation, and protects PUFAs and vitamins A and C from oxidation. Deficiency can cause neurological issues, skin and hair problems, and increased risk of certain diseases. Toxicity is rare but can potentially increase bleeding risk with high doses.
Fat soluble vitamins
This document provides information on fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, and discusses their sources, functions, and deficiency symptoms. It notes that vitamins A, D, E, K are fat soluble and essential for processes like vision, bone growth, blood clotting, and antioxidant activity. The document also mentions newly discovered vitamins Q and U and their proposed functions in blood clotting and gastrointestinal health.
VITAMIN D MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that promotes calcium absorption in the intestines and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone. It exists in two main forms, D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol), and is obtained through exposure to sunlight, dietary intake of oily fish, eggs, and vitamin D fortified foods. The liver converts vitamin D to calcidiol which is then converted by the kidneys to calcitriol, the biologically active form, which regulates calcium and phosphate levels. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, deformed bones and muscle weakness.
Vit d
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for bone and muscle health. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight or obtained from dietary sources. The liver and kidneys work to activate vitamin D before it can be used by the body. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia or osteoporosis in adults and is associated with increased risk of various diseases. Treatment of deficiency involves obtaining more vitamin D through diet, supplements, or sunlight exposure.
Vitamine E
Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 and given its name in 1935. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as both tocopherols and tocotrienols, with alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active form. Vitamin E functions as a lipid-soluble antioxidant in the body, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage by reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals. It is found naturally in many foods like sunflower seeds, avocados and olive oil. Vitamin E supports immune function, neurological health, and protects against heart disease and cancer. Deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia, neurological issues and retinal damage.
Vitamin E nagamani
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as tocopherols, with alpha-tocopherol being the most potent form used by the human body. It acts as an antioxidant to protect cells from free radical damage and is involved in immune function, heart health, muscle tone, and preventing oxidative damage to other vitamins. Good food sources include various plant-based oils, nuts, seeds, and vegetables. The recommended daily intake for adults is 15 mg, though toxicity is rare even at high supplement levels above 400-1000 IU daily.
Vitamin e
This document provides an overview of vitamin E, including its history, structure, metabolism, storage, functions, requirements, and effects of deficiency. Some key points:
- Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes from free radical damage. It has various physiological benefits.
- Early research in the 1930s-40s showed vitamin E supplements could treat premature infants and reduce hemolysis in rats. This established vitamin E's role in hemolytic anemia.
- Requirements depend on factors like unsaturated fat intake, with 3-15 mg/day needed by humans on average. Higher PUFA diets require more vitamin E.
- Def
VITAMIN C
Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin also known as ascorbic acid. It exists in two forms, the reduced L-ascorbic acid and the oxidized L-dehydro ascorbic acid. Vitamin C plays an important role in many biochemical reactions in the body as a cofactor, including collagen synthesis, carnitine biosynthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis. A deficiency in vitamin C results in scurvy, characterized by hemorrhaging, delayed wound healing, and bone fractures. Good dietary sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, berries, peppers, broccoli, and potatoes.
VITAMIN D
1. Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin by exposure to sunlight and is converted to calcitriol, the biologically active form, in the kidney.
2. Calcitriol acts on the intestine, bone, and kidney to regulate calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption from the intestine, mobilizing calcium from bone, and enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidney.
3. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children, characterized by bone deformities and softening, and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by demineralization of bones.
VITAMIN E
Vitamin E is a group of compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols that are fat-soluble antioxidants. Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidation by reacting with free radicals. It is absorbed with dietary fat and transported throughout the body associated with lipoproteins. The main function of vitamin E is its antioxidant role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recommended daily intake is 10-15 mg but requirements may increase during pregnancy and lactation. Rich dietary sources include vegetable oils. Deficiency can occur in premature infants and those with fat malabsorption issues.
Vitamins
Vitamins are chemical compounds that regulate human body functions and metabolism. They are necessary for converting food into energy and tissues. There are several types of vitamins including A, B1, B2, B12, C, D, E, and K. Each vitamin plays an important role and deficiency can cause specific health issues. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, while vitamin C deficiency results in scurvy. The document provides information on each vitamin's function, deficiency symptoms, and major food sources.
Vitamin e
Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 by Herbert Evans and Katherine Bishop. It acts as an antioxidant in the body and is important for immune and cell functions. Deficiency can cause anemia, poor balance, and muscle weakness. Symptoms of deficiency include shaky movements, aging spots on the skin, and sight problems. Deficiency is rare and mainly affects those over 55 years old in the U.S. Deficiency can be treated with a balanced diet, weekly injections, or supplements and resolved within a few weeks in children. Current research is exploring vitamin E's potential role in memory disorders and the elderly.
Fat soluble vitamines
Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K are stored in the body and play important roles in metabolism. Vitamin A supports vision, growth, and immunity. Vitamin D regulates calcium absorption and bone development. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes. Vitamin K is required for blood clotting through synthesis of coagulation factors. These vitamins have synergistic and antagonistic relationships with each other and other nutrients like minerals in carrying out their metabolic functions. Deficiencies can cause various health issues depending on the vitamin. Requirements vary between species, life stages, and physiological state.
Metabolisme vitamin E
Mata kuliah Biokimia pangan tentang Metabolisme Vitamin E. Cari lebih banyak materi kuliah semester 3 di: http://muhammadhabibielecture.blogspot.com/2014/12/kuliah-semester-3.html
vitamin E.pptx
Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. It is absorbed along with fat and transported to tissues via lipoproteins. Vitamin E is essential for reproduction, membrane integrity, and prevents lipid peroxidation. The recommended daily intake is 15 IU for men and 12 IU for women. Dietary sources include vegetable oils, meat, eggs and dairy. Deficiency can cause neurological issues in animals but is rare in humans. Vitamin E is the least toxic vitamin with no reported side effects from doses up to 300 mg daily.
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What's hot
Vitamin e by javeria
This document discusses vitamin E, including its structure, sources, roles in the body, health benefits, and deficiencies. Some key points:
- Vitamin E plays a role in maintaining health of tissues and can protect lungs from pollution. Major sources include sunflower seeds, almonds, and avocados.
- It has benefits such as reducing risks of cataracts, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and respiratory infections. High doses may improve insulin resistance and blood sugar control.
- Deficiency can occur in premature infants and those with fat malabsorption issues. Symptoms include anemia. Overdosing on high levels may cause side effects like nausea and interfere with absorption of vitamins A and K.
vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient found in many foods. In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are compounds formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy.
Vitamin e
Chemistry of Vitamin E, Biochemical role of Vitamin E, Recommended dietary Allowances, Dietary sources of Vitamin E, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin E, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin E, Toxicity of Vitamin E,
Vitamin D
Vitamin D, also known as the sunshine vitamin, can be produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB light or obtained in the diet. It plays an important role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Dietary requirements are minimal as the body can produce vitamin D3 in the skin, but certain groups like the elderly are at higher risk of deficiency. Deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, weak bones and bone pain.
VITAMIN E (MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY) BY P.RAVI SANKAR. [INTRODUCTION,STRUCTURES O...
VITAMIN E (MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY) BY P.RAVI SANKAR. [INTRODUCTION,STRUCTURES OF TOCOPHEROLS,CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN E,RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE,DIETARY SOURCES ANS SUPPLEMENTS, PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE RO IMPORTANCE,USES OF VITAMIN E, SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE EFFECTS, VITAMIN E PREPARATIONS
Vitamin k and e
Vitamins are essential nutrients required in small amounts for specific biological functions. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that prevents cell damage and aids in red blood cell formation. Vitamin K is required for blood clotting as it allows clotting factors to bind calcium. Hypophosphatasia is a rare bone disorder caused by alkaline phosphatase deficiency, causing skeletal abnormalities and tooth loss. It ranges from severe in infants to mild in adults.
Vitamin E
This document provides information on vitamin E, including its chemistry, sources, pharmacological properties, therapeutic uses, contraindications, interactions, deficiency symptoms, side effects, and hypervitaminosis. Some key sources of vitamin E include sunflower seeds, almonds, hazelnuts, peanuts, and pine nuts. Vitamin E has properties such as preventing oxidative stress and supporting healthy skin. Therapeutic uses include conditions like angina, acne, Alzheimer's, and cancer. High doses may prolong bleeding time, while deficiency can cause digestive issues and neuropathy.
VITAMIN E - NUTRITIONAL STUDY.
Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 and is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as tocopherols and tocotrienols. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form that acts as an antioxidant to protect tissues from free radical damage. Vitamin E is obtained through foods like vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. It helps maintain immune function, supports red blood cell formation, and protects PUFAs and vitamins A and C from oxidation. Deficiency can cause neurological issues, skin and hair problems, and increased risk of certain diseases. Toxicity is rare but can potentially increase bleeding risk with high doses.
Fat soluble vitamins
This document provides information on fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, and discusses their sources, functions, and deficiency symptoms. It notes that vitamins A, D, E, K are fat soluble and essential for processes like vision, bone growth, blood clotting, and antioxidant activity. The document also mentions newly discovered vitamins Q and U and their proposed functions in blood clotting and gastrointestinal health.
VITAMIN D MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that promotes calcium absorption in the intestines and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone. It exists in two main forms, D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol), and is obtained through exposure to sunlight, dietary intake of oily fish, eggs, and vitamin D fortified foods. The liver converts vitamin D to calcidiol which is then converted by the kidneys to calcitriol, the biologically active form, which regulates calcium and phosphate levels. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, deformed bones and muscle weakness.
Vit d
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for bone and muscle health. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight or obtained from dietary sources. The liver and kidneys work to activate vitamin D before it can be used by the body. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia or osteoporosis in adults and is associated with increased risk of various diseases. Treatment of deficiency involves obtaining more vitamin D through diet, supplements, or sunlight exposure.
Vitamine E
Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 and given its name in 1935. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as both tocopherols and tocotrienols, with alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active form. Vitamin E functions as a lipid-soluble antioxidant in the body, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage by reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals. It is found naturally in many foods like sunflower seeds, avocados and olive oil. Vitamin E supports immune function, neurological health, and protects against heart disease and cancer. Deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia, neurological issues and retinal damage.
Vitamin E nagamani
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as tocopherols, with alpha-tocopherol being the most potent form used by the human body. It acts as an antioxidant to protect cells from free radical damage and is involved in immune function, heart health, muscle tone, and preventing oxidative damage to other vitamins. Good food sources include various plant-based oils, nuts, seeds, and vegetables. The recommended daily intake for adults is 15 mg, though toxicity is rare even at high supplement levels above 400-1000 IU daily.
Vitamin e
This document provides an overview of vitamin E, including its history, structure, metabolism, storage, functions, requirements, and effects of deficiency. Some key points:
- Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes from free radical damage. It has various physiological benefits.
- Early research in the 1930s-40s showed vitamin E supplements could treat premature infants and reduce hemolysis in rats. This established vitamin E's role in hemolytic anemia.
- Requirements depend on factors like unsaturated fat intake, with 3-15 mg/day needed by humans on average. Higher PUFA diets require more vitamin E.
- Def
VITAMIN C
Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin also known as ascorbic acid. It exists in two forms, the reduced L-ascorbic acid and the oxidized L-dehydro ascorbic acid. Vitamin C plays an important role in many biochemical reactions in the body as a cofactor, including collagen synthesis, carnitine biosynthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis. A deficiency in vitamin C results in scurvy, characterized by hemorrhaging, delayed wound healing, and bone fractures. Good dietary sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, berries, peppers, broccoli, and potatoes.
VITAMIN D
1. Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin by exposure to sunlight and is converted to calcitriol, the biologically active form, in the kidney.
2. Calcitriol acts on the intestine, bone, and kidney to regulate calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption from the intestine, mobilizing calcium from bone, and enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidney.
3. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children, characterized by bone deformities and softening, and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by demineralization of bones.
VITAMIN E
Vitamin E is a group of compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols that are fat-soluble antioxidants. Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidation by reacting with free radicals. It is absorbed with dietary fat and transported throughout the body associated with lipoproteins. The main function of vitamin E is its antioxidant role in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recommended daily intake is 10-15 mg but requirements may increase during pregnancy and lactation. Rich dietary sources include vegetable oils. Deficiency can occur in premature infants and those with fat malabsorption issues.
Vitamins
Vitamins are chemical compounds that regulate human body functions and metabolism. They are necessary for converting food into energy and tissues. There are several types of vitamins including A, B1, B2, B12, C, D, E, and K. Each vitamin plays an important role and deficiency can cause specific health issues. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, while vitamin C deficiency results in scurvy. The document provides information on each vitamin's function, deficiency symptoms, and major food sources.
Vitamin e
Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 by Herbert Evans and Katherine Bishop. It acts as an antioxidant in the body and is important for immune and cell functions. Deficiency can cause anemia, poor balance, and muscle weakness. Symptoms of deficiency include shaky movements, aging spots on the skin, and sight problems. Deficiency is rare and mainly affects those over 55 years old in the U.S. Deficiency can be treated with a balanced diet, weekly injections, or supplements and resolved within a few weeks in children. Current research is exploring vitamin E's potential role in memory disorders and the elderly.
Fat soluble vitamines
Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K are stored in the body and play important roles in metabolism. Vitamin A supports vision, growth, and immunity. Vitamin D regulates calcium absorption and bone development. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes. Vitamin K is required for blood clotting through synthesis of coagulation factors. These vitamins have synergistic and antagonistic relationships with each other and other nutrients like minerals in carrying out their metabolic functions. Deficiencies can cause various health issues depending on the vitamin. Requirements vary between species, life stages, and physiological state.
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Metabolisme vitamin E
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Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. It is absorbed along with fat and transported to tissues via lipoproteins. Vitamin E is essential for reproduction, membrane integrity, and prevents lipid peroxidation. The recommended daily intake is 15 IU for men and 12 IU for women. Dietary sources include vegetable oils, meat, eggs and dairy. Deficiency can cause neurological issues in animals but is rare in humans. Vitamin E is the least toxic vitamin with no reported side effects from doses up to 300 mg daily.
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VITAMIN E.pptx
Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes and fatty acids from oxidative damage. It is absorbed along with fat in the small intestine and transported throughout the body via lipoproteins. Vitamin E functions to prevent lipid peroxidation, protect cellular integrity, and support reproductive health. The recommended daily intake is 10-15 mg for adults, and deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and neurological issues. Good dietary sources include vegetable oils, meat, eggs and dairy.
deficiency of fat and water soluble vitamins
This document provides information on various vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, K, B complex, and C. It discusses what each vitamin is, its physiological roles, deficiency symptoms, and commercial supplements. The key points are:
- Vitamins are essential organic nutrients required in small amounts for growth, maintenance, and various bodily functions. They cannot be synthesized by the body.
- Deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K can lead to diseases like rickets, osteomalacia, myopathies, and bleeding disorders.
- B complex vitamins support nerve function and metabolism, and deficiencies can cause diseases like polyneuritis or pellagra.
- Vitamin
Vitamin E
This 7-page document discusses vitamin E. It begins by defining vitamins and describing vitamin E's structure and functions. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from damage and may help prevent diseases. The document outlines the biosynthesis pathway of vitamin E and its mechanism of action as an antioxidant, for immunomodulation, and antiplatelet effects. Potential advantages are described, but high doses of vitamin E supplements are linked to increased health risks. Rare diseases can result from a vitamin E deficiency.
Fat soluble vitamins
This document discusses the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. It provides details on their sources, absorption, functions, deficiencies, and toxicity. The key points are:
1) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in tissues and excess intake can be harmful unlike water-soluble vitamins.
2) Vitamin A supports vision, immune function, and cell growth. Too much can cause birth defects and liver damage.
3) Vitamin D aids calcium absorption and bone formation. The body produces it from sunlight but it is also found in foods. Deficiency causes rickets and osteomalacia.
4) Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cells. Def
Vitamin E Dr ARUN.pptx
Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 and given its name in 1935. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as both tocopherols and tocotrienols, with alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active form. Vitamin E acts as a lipid-soluble antioxidant in the body, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage by reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals. It is found naturally in many foods like sunflower seeds, avocados and spinach. Vitamin E deficiency can lead to hemolytic anemia, myopathy and neuropathy.
Vitamins (fat and water soluble)
The document discusses vitamins, including their classification, functions, sources, and deficiencies. It covers key details about vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, and B2. Specifically, it describes:
- Vitamins are organic compounds required as nutrients and cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities. They are classified as lipid-soluble or water-soluble.
- Vitamin A is important for vision, cell differentiation, and immune function. Deficiency can cause night blindness and increased infection risk.
- Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphate levels and is synthesized from sunlight exposure. It supports bone and immune health.
- Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that protects cell membranes from free radical damage.
Vitamins
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for various metabolic processes in the body. They are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Vitamin A supports vision, growth, immunity, and skin health. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and bone growth. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and supports wound healing and collagen production. The B vitamins function as coenzymes in energy production from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Deficiencies of various vitamins can lead to conditions like scurvy, beriberi, rickets, and pellagra
Vitamin e & vitamin k
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting as it activates clotting factors in the liver through carboxylation. It exists as K1, K2, and K3 and is absorbed in the small intestine before being transported to the liver via LDL. A deficiency results in bleeding issues while toxicity can cause anemia, with good dietary sources including green vegetables, meat, and dairy.
Vitamins
Vitamins are organic components in food that are needed in small quantities for growth, health, and disease prevention. They help build resistance, stimulate digestion, and support health. The main vitamins are A, D, E, K, B complex (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, pyridoxine, cobalamin, folic acid), and C. Each vitamin has a specific role and recommended daily intake depending on age and gender.
Vitamin A,D,E,K,C
The document discusses vitamins, which are organic compounds required in small amounts for growth and health. Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (C, B vitamins). Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body, while water-soluble vitamins cannot be stored and must be continuously replenished. Each vitamin is then described in more detail, including its chemistry, sources, requirements, functions, deficiency and toxicity symptoms. The document provides an overview of the major vitamins and their roles and properties.
Fat Soluble Vitamins
The document discusses the four main fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A, D, E, and K. It provides details on their structures, functions, deficiency diseases, dietary sources, and recommended intake levels. The key points are:
- Fat soluble vitamins are absorbed with fat in the small intestine and stored in the liver and fatty tissues. They include vitamins A, D, E, and K.
- Vitamin A supports vision and immune function. Vitamin D works with calcium for bone health. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and vitamin K aids in blood clotting.
- Deficiencies can lead to conditions like rickets, osteomalacia, heart disease, or bleeding disorders.
Fat Soluble Vitamins
The document discusses the four main fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A, D, E, and K. It provides details on their structures, functions, food sources, deficiency diseases, and dietary recommendations. The fat soluble vitamins are essential nutrients that must be obtained through diet as they are involved in many important processes in the body like vision, bone health, cell growth and blood clotting. Maintaining adequate levels of these vitamins is important for overall health.
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Students gathered for a session to discuss their studies and plans. Many shared challenges they faced with keeping up with their coursework while balancing other responsibilities. Ideas were exchanged on effective time management strategies and using campus resources to stay on track academically.
Lipid profile
This document provides information about lipid profiles and their normal ranges. It discusses how to collect and process blood specimens for lipid profiles. It then defines the components of a lipid profile including total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol. For each component, it provides the normal ranges and clinical significance of abnormal levels. It also briefly discusses apolipoprotein B, phospholipids, chylomicrons, and factors that can increase or decrease their levels.
Introduction of biochemistry
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major macromolecules that make up living things. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches and are used for energy storage. Lipids are composed of fatty acids and glycerol and function in energy storage, protection, and insulation. Proteins contain amino acids and perform a variety of functions including growth, energy production, and pH buffering. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and store and transmit genetic information that directs cellular functions. These macromolecules are formed through dehydration synthesis and broken down through hydrolysis.
BIOCHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS
Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, and fat-soluble vitamins. They serve important functions like storing energy, signaling, and as structural components of cell membranes. The document defines lipids and discusses their chemistry, classifications, structures, and biological importance. Key points covered include that lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, and include triglycerides, fatty acids, and other compounds.
ECOSANOIDS
Eicosanoids are oxygenation products of arachidonic acid (AA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in animal and plant cell membranes. AA is released from membranes by phospholipase A2 and metabolized via either the cyclooxygenase pathway to form prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes, or the lipoxygenase pathway to form leukotrienes. These eicosanoids are involved in various physiological functions including inflammation, smooth muscle tone, blood coagulation, reproduction, and GI secretion. Clinical applications of prostaglandins include female and male reproductive health, inflammation and immunity, gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, ocular health, and cancer.
ROS ANTIOXIDENTS
Aerobic organisms continuously produce reactive free radicals through respiration, metabolism and phagocytosis. Approximately 1-2% of oxygen consumed is converted into superoxide radicals by the respiratory chain, one of the main sources of free radicals in cells. While oxygen is necessary for life, its partial reduction can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage living systems. The body has multiple antioxidant defenses to combat ROS, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and vitamin C, which help convert ROS into less reactive species and protect biomolecules from oxidative damage.
LIPID CHEMISTRY
Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, and fat-soluble vitamins. They serve important functions like energy storage, signaling, and as structural components of cell membranes. The main classes of lipids are neutral fats/triglycerides (consisting of glycerol and fatty acids), phospholipids, and sterols. Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6 are essential nutrients. Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, and are an important energy source in animals and plants.
Carcinogen
This document discusses carcinogens and cancer. It defines cancer as abnormal cell growth that can invade other tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer. Chemical carcinogens include aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and chemicals containing epoxide, organohalogen, and nitroso groups. Carcinogens can damage DNA directly or require metabolic activation. Factors that influence cancer development include dose of exposure, lifestyle factors like smoking, and inherited conditions. Engineering controls, personal protective equipment, hygiene practices, and proper waste disposal can reduce exposure to carcinogens.
Infectious diseases
This document discusses the importance of breastfeeding for infant health and development. It reviews several studies that show breastfeeding reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality from various infectious diseases like diarrhea, otitis media, neonatal sepsis, and respiratory infections. However, in many societies false beliefs interfere with breastfeeding and infants are commonly given prelacteal feeds or mixed feeding instead of being exclusively breastfed. The purpose of the study described is to examine the patterns of infectious diseases in non-breastfed infants compared to breastfed infants admitted to the hospital.
Differences of plasma osmolarity
This document describes a study comparing plasma osmolarity in healthy breastfed and non-breastfed infants. The study included breastfed and non-breastfed infants between 1-6 months of age. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for various biomarkers including glucose, BUN, sodium, potassium, total protein, and albumin levels. Plasma osmolarity was then directly estimated and calculated based on biomarker levels. Results showed breastfed infants had significantly lower glucose, BUN, and plasma osmolarity levels compared to non-breastfed infants. The study concluded breastfeeding provides a lower solute load compared to formula feeding, resulting in lower plasma osmolarity in healthy breastfed infants.
Introdction of metabolism
1. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that take place in living organisms to sustain life. It includes breaking down nutrients into smaller units and building up complex molecules.
2. Glucose, fats, and proteins are broken down through various pathways to ultimately form acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle to generate energy in the form of ATP. Less oxygen results in lactic acid formation from glucose.
3. The electron transport chain uses oxygen to convert products of the citric acid cycle into large amounts of ATP, the main energy currency of cells. Fatty acids yield more ATP than glucose due to their carbon-hydrogen bonds.
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The Tufts Robotics Club attended the Trinity College Fire Fighting Robot Contest where they won both the team and individual categories of the Olympiad tournament. This marked the club's fourth win since 2014. They competed in both the mechanical robot competition and trivia-based Olympiad. For the robot competition, Tufts engineered a robot that followed the right wall of the maze and used a fire extinguisher to put out a candle, navigating the maze faster than other teams. In the Olympiad, they demonstrated their strong theoretical engineering knowledge, with sophomore Faizan Muhammad winning individually. The success at this competition aims to attract new recruits to the club.
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A glucose tolerance test (GTT) checks how the body metabolizes blood sugar levels over time. There are two main types: an oral GTT where glucose is ingested, and an intravenous GTT where glucose is injected. It is commonly used to screen for prediabetes and diabetes, especially in obese, pregnant, or high-risk individuals. The test involves fasting overnight, then drinking a glucose solution and having blood drawn over 3 hours to analyze the body's insulin response and how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood. Results are interpreted according to WHO criteria, with different glucose level thresholds indicating normal, prediabetes, or diabetes status.
Conference proceedings
This document summarizes a study that compares the performance of two state observers - a sliding mode observer with super-twisting algorithm (STSMO) and a high gain observer (HGO) - for estimating unmeasured states of a quadrotor UAV. The paper designs each observer and then applies a second order sliding mode control technique using the estimated states to control the quadrotor. Simulations show the performance of each observer under the same control scheme and perturbations. The study aims to compare the observers' characteristics for state estimation of the quadrotor system to determine the best observer for real-time applications given system uncertainties and noise.
social media useage
This study examined the usage of social media by students at the FJMU Lahore. A questionnaire was distributed to 415 students to gather data on their social media usage patterns and behaviors. The results found that 95.9% of students used social media daily, with 77% spending 1-2 hours per day on social media. Major purposes of usage were communication (94%) and entertainment (93%), though 46% also used it for studying. Students reported social media could waste time and distract from studies, but could also be useful for sharing medical videos, knowledge and study guidelines. The study concludes social media distracts students and encourages more non-educational activities, so students should utilize it more for academic purposes and limit entertainment usage
DR MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Dr. Muhammad Mustansar has achieved international recognition for his work. He holds a world record and has had his research published in international posters and books. His accomplishments demonstrate expertise in his field at a global level.
STAINING TECHINIQUES
This document provides instructions for several histopathology staining techniques, including:
- Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining for polysaccharides and basement membranes in magenta.
- Gram-Twort modification for staining bacteria in paraffin sections in blue-black (Gram positive) and pink (Gram negative).
- Ziehl-Neelsen technique for staining acid-fast bacilli like Mycobacterium tuberculosis red against a blue background.
It also describes the Periodic Acid Schiff/Alcian Blue dual stain to differentiate acid mucins (blue) from neutral mucins and carbohydrates (magenta). Precise protocols and reagent preparations are provided for accurate histological analysis.
Histopathology
This document provides information on various histopathology staining techniques. It describes the steps for taking paraffin sections to water, dehydrating and clearing sections in xylene, blotting sections dry, and mounting sections. It also details procedures for Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid-fast bacilli, Gram-Twort staining for bacteria, Periodic acid Schiff staining, Periodic acid Schiff/Alcian blue staining, and the buffered Congo red method for amyloid. Precise reagents and safety notes are included for each technique.
Lactation
This document discusses guidelines for drug use during lactation. It begins by outlining principles from the Quran and Hadith regarding breastfeeding. It then discusses anatomy related to lactation and hormonal regulation. Guidelines for chemotherapy during lactation emphasize using drugs with minimal infant exposure and avoiding unnecessary drugs. Several classes of drugs are discussed, identifying those that are generally safe to use during lactation like beta-blockers, thiazides, ACE inhibitors, warfarin, inhaled asthma medications, and corticosteroids. Drugs that should be avoided include phenobarbital, primodone, and clonazepam. The document also covers stimulants and inhibitors of lactation.
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Syllabus
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Vitamin E MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
- 1. 1
- 2. 2
- 3. TOCOPHEROL OR VITAMIN E It is also called anti-aging factor. The word tocopherol is derived from the word toco meaning child birth and pheros meaning to bear. It is yellow oily liquid freely soluble in fat solvent. Tocopherol alpha, beta, gamma, lambda have been obtained from the natural sources
- 7. Tocopherols HO O R1 R3 R2 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 R1 R2 R3 Relative activity α – tocopherol CH3 CH3 CH3 1 β – tocopherol CH3 H CH3 0.4 γ – tocopherol H CH3 CH3 0.1 - 0.3 δ – tocopherol H H CH3 0.01
- 8. VITAMIN E (Tocopherols) Alpha –tocopherol is the most active forms SOURCES Cottonseed oil Corn oil Sunflower oil Wheat germ oil Margarine Green leafy vegetables RDA: 25-30 IU/day
- 9. Sources Vitamin E is synthesized only by plants. Plants foods (oils) provide primary source α -tocopherol in leaves and other green parts α -tocopherol in chloroplasts, β, γ, δ-tocopherols (nonchloroplasts) are outside (soybeans) More vitamin E in green plants
- 10. Different forms (α, β, γ, δ) , the most active form is (α ) Vit E is antioxidant for body fats (unsat lipids), preserve RBC from hemolysis , control metabolism of (PUFA) such as linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) . Daily req. 5 IU (infants) & 30 IU (adults) .
- 11. 11 ABSORPTION small intestine it enters the blood stream via the lymph. STORAGE liver & fatty tissue EXCRETION urine
- 13. 1. Antioxidant role: Vitamin-E is the most potent natural antioxidant. 2. Removal of Free radicals: Vitamin-E removes free radicals, prevents their peroxidative effects on unsaturated lipids of membrane and thus maintains integrity of membranes.
- 14. 3. Protective role: i. Vitamin-E prevents massive hepatic necrosis produced on diet deficient in sulphur containing aminoacids. 4. Role in reproduction: It is required for normal reproduction, muscle integrity and for resistance of erythrocytes to hemolysis.
- 15. 5. Role in Heme Synthesis: Vitamin-E also takes part in the synthesis of heme. Vitamin-E induces enzymes ALA-synthase and ALA-dehydratase.
- 16. 6. A derivative of vitamin-E is said to be necessary for the synthesis of CoQ which is the component of mitochondrial electron transport chain.
- 17. Functions of vitamin E
- 18. VITAMIN E Functions & mechanisms of action Antioxidant role Free radical termination Singlet molecular oxygen destruction Other roles Vitamin E & heart disease Vitamin E & eye health Other conditions
- 19. FUNCTIONS REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION – it has got protective effect on reproduction and prevention of sterility. BLLOD FLOW AND CLOTTING MECHANISM – it dilates the capillaries & enables the blood to flow freely.
- 20. ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM - it functions as co factor in electron transport system
- 21. Functions of vitamin E
- 22. 22 Men 8 – 10 mg Women 5 – 8 mg Children 8.3 mg Infants 4 – 5 mg
- 23. DEFICIENCY Muscular dystrophies Nocturnal muscular cramps Intermittent claudication Fibrocystic Breast Disease Atherosclerosis Hemolytic anemia- susceptibility of RBCs to hemolysis Dietary hepatic necrosis Neurological disorders
- 24. Deficiency causes: Slow tissue healing Dry hair or loss of hair Gastrointestinal diseases Leg cramps Muscular weakness
- 25. DEFICIENCY REPRODUCTIVE – abortion of fetus in females & atrophy of spermatogenic structure in males leading to permanent sterility. HEART - there is necrosis & fibrosis of heart muscle. BLOOD CAPILLARIES – may lead to degenerative changes in the blood capillaries
- 26. ORAL MANIFESTATION – loss of pigmentation , atrophic degenerative changes in enamel Of vitamin E deficient rat MANAGEMENT – vitamin E is given in the doses of 100 to 400mg.
- 27. Misuse No known toxicity up to 3200 IU, though it should not be taken by those who are allergic to vitamin E. It can elevate blood pressure when first taken, so those with high blood pressure or heart disease should not take more than 200 IU vitamin E may cause blood clots if taken in doses above 800 lU/day.
- 28. Symptoms are dizziness, and headaches. It may also cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, chapped lips, muscle aches, nausea, upset stomach, fatigue, weakness, and blurred vision, though these are rare. Allergies can also occur when vitamin E is used in skin preparations, but these are extremely rare.