Vitamin A actually refers to a family of similarly shaped molecules called retinoids.
There are two types of vitamin A.
Vitamin A1 (retinol)
Vitamin A2 (3- dihydro retinol)
Vitamin A actually refers to a family of similarly shaped molecules called retinoids.
There are two types of vitamin A.
Vitamin A1 (retinol)
Vitamin A2 (3- dihydro retinol)
Vitamin a presentation, Vitamin A Deficiency, Vitamin A toxicityDhruvendra Pandey
This presentation contains Importance of vitamin A, Sources of Vitamin A, Absorption,Transport and Excretion of Vitamin A, Vitamin A Deficiency, Vitamin A Toxicity, Required dose of Vitamin A, Nutrition, Nutrition deficiency
VITAMIN B3
GUL MUNEER
Niacin
Niacinamide 0R Nicotinamide
Vitamin P OR PP (pellagra preventive)
Pellagra preventive factor
Anti black tongue factor
Nicotinic acid
Vitamin G (after Goldberger’s death, vitamin B3 was some times called in his honor)
Structure of Vitamin B3
Function of Vitamin B3
DISCOVERY of Vitamin B3
PROPERTIES of Vitamin B3
Nicotinic Acid (Plant form)
CHEMISTRY of Vitamin B3
Sources of Vitamin B3
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE (RDA) of Vitamin B3
BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS of Vitamin B3
Digestion and Absorption of Dietary Niacin
Metabolism of B-3
Deficiency of B3
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, vitamin dJasmineJuliet
Vitamin D - Chemistry,n Metabloism, Biosynthesis in our skin, Recommended dietary Allowance, Dietary sources of vitamin D, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin D.
Vitamin C introduction, Chemistry of Vitamin C, Biochemical Role of Vitamin C, (Collagen formation, Bone formation, Immunological response, Synthesis of Catacholamines, ), Recommended dietary Allowance of Vitamin C, Dietary Sources of Vitamin C, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin C, Food preparation to retain Vitamin C.
02 vitamin a
1. Vitamin A General biochemistry and types General functions Functions in the vision cycle Deficiency and diseases
2. Vitamin A Essential Non-caloric Required in very small amounts
3. Vitamins - Classified Based on Solubility Fat-Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, and K Water-Soluble Vitamins ascorbic acid (vitamin C) thiamin (vitamin B1) riboflavin (vitamin B2) niacin pyridoxine (vitamin B6) biotin pantothenic acid folate cobalamin (vitamin B12)
4. Vitamin A (Preformed and Provitamin) Preformed: Three preformed compounds that are metabolically active and found in animal products retinol – alcohol form retinal or retinaldehyde – aldehyde form retinoic acid – acid form Provitamin: Carotenoids (β-carotene) and cryptoxanthin can yield retinoids when metabolized in the body These are from plant sources
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, deficiency diseases of vitamin a for ugJasmineJuliet
Vitamins definition , Vitamin Classification table, Fat soluble vitamin A, Chemistry of Vitamin A, Biochemical role of vitamin A, Biochemical functions of vitamin A, RDA (Recommended dietary Allowance), Dietary sources of vitamin A, Deficiency diseases of vitamin A, Rhodopsin cycle.
Vitamin a presentation, Vitamin A Deficiency, Vitamin A toxicityDhruvendra Pandey
This presentation contains Importance of vitamin A, Sources of Vitamin A, Absorption,Transport and Excretion of Vitamin A, Vitamin A Deficiency, Vitamin A Toxicity, Required dose of Vitamin A, Nutrition, Nutrition deficiency
VITAMIN B3
GUL MUNEER
Niacin
Niacinamide 0R Nicotinamide
Vitamin P OR PP (pellagra preventive)
Pellagra preventive factor
Anti black tongue factor
Nicotinic acid
Vitamin G (after Goldberger’s death, vitamin B3 was some times called in his honor)
Structure of Vitamin B3
Function of Vitamin B3
DISCOVERY of Vitamin B3
PROPERTIES of Vitamin B3
Nicotinic Acid (Plant form)
CHEMISTRY of Vitamin B3
Sources of Vitamin B3
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE (RDA) of Vitamin B3
BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS of Vitamin B3
Digestion and Absorption of Dietary Niacin
Metabolism of B-3
Deficiency of B3
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, vitamin dJasmineJuliet
Vitamin D - Chemistry,n Metabloism, Biosynthesis in our skin, Recommended dietary Allowance, Dietary sources of vitamin D, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin D.
Vitamin C introduction, Chemistry of Vitamin C, Biochemical Role of Vitamin C, (Collagen formation, Bone formation, Immunological response, Synthesis of Catacholamines, ), Recommended dietary Allowance of Vitamin C, Dietary Sources of Vitamin C, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin C, Food preparation to retain Vitamin C.
02 vitamin a
1. Vitamin A General biochemistry and types General functions Functions in the vision cycle Deficiency and diseases
2. Vitamin A Essential Non-caloric Required in very small amounts
3. Vitamins - Classified Based on Solubility Fat-Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, and K Water-Soluble Vitamins ascorbic acid (vitamin C) thiamin (vitamin B1) riboflavin (vitamin B2) niacin pyridoxine (vitamin B6) biotin pantothenic acid folate cobalamin (vitamin B12)
4. Vitamin A (Preformed and Provitamin) Preformed: Three preformed compounds that are metabolically active and found in animal products retinol – alcohol form retinal or retinaldehyde – aldehyde form retinoic acid – acid form Provitamin: Carotenoids (β-carotene) and cryptoxanthin can yield retinoids when metabolized in the body These are from plant sources
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, deficiency diseases of vitamin a for ugJasmineJuliet
Vitamins definition , Vitamin Classification table, Fat soluble vitamin A, Chemistry of Vitamin A, Biochemical role of vitamin A, Biochemical functions of vitamin A, RDA (Recommended dietary Allowance), Dietary sources of vitamin A, Deficiency diseases of vitamin A, Rhodopsin cycle.
Small amounts of vitamins are required in the diet to promote growth, reproduction, and health. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are called the fat-soluble vitamins, because they are soluble in organic solvents and are absorbed and transported in a manner similar to that of fats.
Vitamins are substances that our body needs for proper grow and development.It is an essential nutrient that body cannot produce enough of and that's why it needs to get from food.
Vitamins are of 13 types and can be classified as Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E & K ) and Water Soluble Vitamin (Vitamin-C & B-complex).
This presentation explains DNA transcription and RNA Processing.
It gives details about prokaryotic DNA transcription and eukaryotic DNA transcription. it also explains post-transcriptional modification both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Biological oxidation (part - III) Oxidative PhosphorylationAshok Katta
Biological oxidation (part - III) Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Mechanism of Oxidative Phosphorylation
-- Chemiosmotic theory
-P:O Ratio
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Shuttle Systems for Oxidation of Extramitochondrial NADH
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
3. H
i
s
t
o
r
y
The discovery of vitamin A may have started from
research dating back 1816.
In 1912, an English biochemist Frederick
Gowland Hopkins found unknown factors
present in milk that were required to aid growth
in rats. (Nobel Prize in 1929)
In 1917, Elmer McCollum and his colleagues
discovered one of these substances while
researching the role of dietary fats.
In 1918, these “accessory factors” were
described as “fat soluble” and in 1920, they
were referred to as vitamin A.
4. • Vitamin A occurs in two forms in food
Retinoids
Retinol
Retinal
Retinoic acid
Carotenes
α- carotene
β- carotene
γ- carotene
11. One ounce of
polar bear liver
contains
enough
vitamin A
(retinol) to kill
a person!
12. The daily requirement of vitamin A is expressed
as retinol equivalents [RE]
1000 RE
MEN
800 RE
WOMEN
1RE =
1 μg retinol,
2 μg of β-carotene in oil,
12 μg of "dietary" β- carotene
3.3 IU of retinol
25. Photoreceptor cells in the retina Required for vision in daylight and colour
identification
PorphyropsinIodopsinCynopsin
CONES
26. Dark Adaptation
• Torsten Wiesel -1981 Nobel prize.
• Bright light depletes stores of rhodopsin in
rods.
• After few minutes rhodopsin is resynthesized &
vision improved.
• This period called -Dark Adaptation Time.
• Increased in vitamin A deficiency.
27.
28. • Retinoic acid is necessary for cellular
differentiation
• Important for…
• Embryo development,
• Gene expression
• Retinoic acid influences production, structure,
and function of epithelial cells that line skin
and mucus cells.
29.
30.
31. • Deficiency leads to decreased resistance
to infections
• Supplementation may decrease severity
of infections in deficient person
32.
33.
34. Night Blindness
• Lack of vitamin A causes
night blindness or inability to
see in dim light.
• night blindness occurs as a
result of inadequate pigment
in the retina.
• It also called tunnel vision.
35. Bitot’s Spot
• These are foamy & whitish
cheese-like tissue spots that
develop around the eye ball,
causing severe dryness in the
eyes.
• These spots do not affect eye
sight in the day light.
37. Keratomalacia
• One of the major cause for
blindness in India.
• Cornea becomes soft and
may burst
• The process is rapid
• If the eye collapses vision is
lost.
38. Other Symptoms of VAD
• Alteration of skin and mucous membrane
• Hepatic dysfunction
• Headache
• Drowsiness
• Peeling of skin about the mouth and elsewhere
A. History.It was first recognized as an essential nutritional factor by Elmer McCollum in
1915 and then isolated from fish-liver oil by Holmes in 1917. On account of its established role
in the visual process, it is often called as antixerophthalmic factor or the “bright eyes” vitamin.
It was first synthesized in 1946 by Milas.
Organ Meats (Liver), Cod Liver Oil
Cheese, Milk products
Carrot juice
Sweet Potato with peel
Tomato
Pumpkin
Spinach
Turnip Green
Mixed Green leafy vegetables
Vitamin A originates in marine algae, and then passes up the food chain to reach the large
carnivorous animals. Toxic levels of vitamin A may accumulate in the livers of a wide range of
creatures such as Polar bears, seals, porpoises, dolphins, sharks, whales, Arctic foxes and huskies.
Even a small meal of southern Australian seal liver, say 80g, may produce illness in man. Most
of the foods recommended as source of vitamin A contain well below the toxic levels of vitamin
A, but one– Halibut liver oil– contains dangerously high amounts of vitamin A.
As regards the vitamin A contents of polar animals, one can see that, in reality, very little
quantities of livers of these animals are required to kill a human being : 30–90 g of polar bear liver
or halibut liver, 80–240 g of bearded seal liver and 100-300 g of Antarctic husky liver is enough
to kill a human being.