Biotin
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Biotin is a B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in the body. It is found naturally in many foods like nuts, dairy, eggs, and vegetables. In the body, biotin functions to help metabolize fats and amino acids. It also plays roles in immune function, hair and nail growth, and healthy skin. Deficiencies can result from raw egg consumption due to biotin binding by the protein avidin in eggs. Biotin is used diagnostically to detect deficiencies and in techniques like ELISA and DNA labeling using its strong binding to avidin and streptavidin.
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Biotin (vitamin b7) biological functions, clinical indications and its techn...
An illustrative presentation on Biotin (Vitamin B7), clinical indications and technological applications for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology & Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning.
BIOTIN (B7)
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin and coenzyme that is essential for carboxylation reactions in metabolism. It is required by the enzymes pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, and β-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, which are involved in glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism. Biotin deficiency is rare in humans due to its presence in many foods and synthesis by gut bacteria, but can cause dermatitis, weakness, and nausea. Avidin in raw egg whites binds strongly to biotin and prevents its absorption.
Biotin ppt.
Biotin is a B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. It is essential for cell growth and DNA/RNA replication. Biotin deficiency can cause dermatitis, hair loss, and neuromuscular dysfunction with symptoms like scaly skin, rash, hypotonia, and depression. Good dietary sources of biotin include eggs, organ meats, nuts, dairy, and whole grains.
Biotin
Biotin- Structure, sources, recommended daily allowance, absorption, storage and transportation, coenzyme role in carboxylation reactions, histone biotinylation, cell cycle regulation, beauty vitamin, egg white injury, and Leiner's disease
Vitamin b7 (biotin)
Vitamin B7, also known as biotin or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin important for metabolism. It is involved in fatty acid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism as well as glycogen synthesis. Deficiencies are rare as biotin is found widely in foods and small amounts can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria. However, avidin in raw egg whites can bind biotin and make it unavailable. Adequate intake levels for adults are 30 mcg per day for men and 25 mcg for women. Biotin supports healthy skin, hair, nails and metabolism. Deficiency can cause brittle nails, hair loss and neurological symptoms.
Pantothenic acid(B5)
Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is essential for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) which plays a key role in numerous metabolic pathways. It is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to tissues where it is phosphorylated and linked to cysteine to form 4'-phosphopantetheine, which is then converted to dephospho-CoA and CoA. CoA is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, amino acids, and ketone bodies as well as the oxidation of pyruvate and fatty acids through acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare but can cause burning feet syndrome in experimental
Vitamin b5, pantothenic acid
This document summarizes information about vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). It discusses the discovery of pantothenic acid and its role in Coenzyme A (CoA), the structure of pantothenic acid and CoA, the synthesis of CoA from pantothenic acid, the biochemical functions of pantothenic acid through CoA in various metabolic pathways, dietary sources of pantothenic acid, and symptoms of deficiency. The recommended daily intake of pantothenic acid for adults is 5-10 mg, and while deficiency symptoms have not been reported in humans, deficiency in experimental animals can cause issues like anemia and fatty liver.
BIOTIN (B7)
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes involved in steps like converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate. It is required for fatty acid synthesis and leucine catabolism by acetyl-CoA carboxylase and methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase respectively. Biotin deficiency is rare in humans due to its presence in many foods and intestinal bacterial synthesis, but can cause dermatitis or hair loss. Avidin in raw egg whites tightly binds biotin and prevents its absorption.
Recommended
Biotin (vitamin b7) biological functions, clinical indications and its techn...
An illustrative presentation on Biotin (Vitamin B7), clinical indications and technological applications for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology & Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning.
BIOTIN (B7)
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin and coenzyme that is essential for carboxylation reactions in metabolism. It is required by the enzymes pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, and β-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, which are involved in glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism. Biotin deficiency is rare in humans due to its presence in many foods and synthesis by gut bacteria, but can cause dermatitis, weakness, and nausea. Avidin in raw egg whites binds strongly to biotin and prevents its absorption.
Biotin ppt.
Biotin is a B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. It is essential for cell growth and DNA/RNA replication. Biotin deficiency can cause dermatitis, hair loss, and neuromuscular dysfunction with symptoms like scaly skin, rash, hypotonia, and depression. Good dietary sources of biotin include eggs, organ meats, nuts, dairy, and whole grains.
Biotin
Biotin- Structure, sources, recommended daily allowance, absorption, storage and transportation, coenzyme role in carboxylation reactions, histone biotinylation, cell cycle regulation, beauty vitamin, egg white injury, and Leiner's disease
Vitamin b7 (biotin)
Vitamin B7, also known as biotin or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin important for metabolism. It is involved in fatty acid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism as well as glycogen synthesis. Deficiencies are rare as biotin is found widely in foods and small amounts can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria. However, avidin in raw egg whites can bind biotin and make it unavailable. Adequate intake levels for adults are 30 mcg per day for men and 25 mcg for women. Biotin supports healthy skin, hair, nails and metabolism. Deficiency can cause brittle nails, hair loss and neurological symptoms.
Pantothenic acid(B5)
Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is essential for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) which plays a key role in numerous metabolic pathways. It is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to tissues where it is phosphorylated and linked to cysteine to form 4'-phosphopantetheine, which is then converted to dephospho-CoA and CoA. CoA is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, amino acids, and ketone bodies as well as the oxidation of pyruvate and fatty acids through acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare but can cause burning feet syndrome in experimental
Vitamin b5, pantothenic acid
This document summarizes information about vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). It discusses the discovery of pantothenic acid and its role in Coenzyme A (CoA), the structure of pantothenic acid and CoA, the synthesis of CoA from pantothenic acid, the biochemical functions of pantothenic acid through CoA in various metabolic pathways, dietary sources of pantothenic acid, and symptoms of deficiency. The recommended daily intake of pantothenic acid for adults is 5-10 mg, and while deficiency symptoms have not been reported in humans, deficiency in experimental animals can cause issues like anemia and fatty liver.
BIOTIN (B7)
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes involved in steps like converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate. It is required for fatty acid synthesis and leucine catabolism by acetyl-CoA carboxylase and methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase respectively. Biotin deficiency is rare in humans due to its presence in many foods and intestinal bacterial synthesis, but can cause dermatitis or hair loss. Avidin in raw egg whites tightly binds biotin and prevents its absorption.
Vitamin b7 or biotin
Vitamin B7, also called biotin, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that was first identified in the 1920s and its structure was elucidated in the 1940s. It plays an important role in metabolism, immune function, hair and skin health, and nervous system function. Good dietary sources include beef liver, barley, soybeans and cauliflower. A daily intake of 100-300 mcg is recommended for adults to prevent deficiency symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and skin disorders.
Riboflavin, VITAMIN B2
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is required for metabolism and energy production. Good dietary sources include milk, cheese, eggs, leafy greens, almonds, and soybeans. The recommended daily amount is 1.5 mg. Riboflavin is absorbed in the small intestine and circulates in the active forms FMN and FAD, which act as coenzymes in over 150 oxidation-reduction reactions involved in metabolism. Deficiency can cause symptoms like cracked lips, inflammation of the tongue, mouth ulcers, dry and scaling skin, and eye irritation.
Vitamin b7 or biotin
Vitamin B7, also called biotin, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that was first identified in the 1920s and its structure was elucidated in the 1940s. It plays an important role in metabolism, immune function, hair and skin health, and nervous system function. Good dietary sources include beef liver, barley, soybeans and cauliflower. A daily intake of 100-300 mcg is recommended for adults to prevent deficiency symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and skin disorders.
Biotin ..
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions involved in metabolizing fats and amino acids. It is found naturally in foods like peanuts, Swiss chard, and eggs, and supports cell growth, metabolism, blood sugar levels, and healthy hair and skin. A biotin deficiency can result from genetic errors affecting biotin-related enzymes and may cause alopecia, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, depression, lethargy, or numbness and tingling.
RIBOFLAVIN (B2)
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a yellow pigment that contains a 6,7-dimethylisoalloxazine ring. It functions as an important cofactor in redox reactions as FMN and FAD. Riboflavin is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to tissues like the liver, where it is converted to its coenzyme forms. Deficiency can cause cheilosis, glossitis and corneal vascularization. Rich dietary sources include milk, meat, eggs and liver.
FOLIC ACID (B9)
Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin that is essential for cell growth and division. It is involved in amino acid metabolism and the formation of DNA and RNA. A deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis. Folic acid is found naturally in green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits. Dietary deficiencies are common and can be caused by inadequate intake, malabsorption, or drug interactions. Supplementation is important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in newborns.
Biotin ( vitamin B7) Egg white injury, Leiner's disease
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in the body. It is not synthesized in humans and must be obtained through dietary sources like eggs, liver, and leafy greens. Biotin helps convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis, convert acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis, and is important for cell division and growth. Biotin deficiency can occur due to genetic defects impairing biotin absorption or through excessive raw egg consumption, which contains the biotin-binding protein avidin. Deficiency can cause skin rashes, hair loss, neurological issues, and fatty acid
Water soluble vitamins
This document provides information on water soluble vitamins. It discusses the criteria of water soluble vitamins, including that they are hydrophilic and soluble in water. It then describes several B vitamins in detail, including their roles as coenzymes in important metabolic processes and the deficiency symptoms that can arise from not getting enough of each vitamin. The vitamins covered are B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and vitamin C.
Vitamin B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is an essential component of coenzymes involved in redox reactions in the body. It acts as a precursor to FMN and FAD, which are cofactors for redox enzymes. Deficiency can result from poor intake, malabsorption, drug interactions, and genetic defects affecting flavin metabolism. Symptoms include sore throat, cheilosis, and glossitis. Status is assessed by urinary riboflavin levels, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity, and direct measurement of flavins in plasma and erythrocytes.
Absorption, transport and metabolism of riboflavin
Riboflavin is absorbed in the small intestine where coenzyme forms FMN and FAD are hydrolyzed to free riboflavin by intestinal enzymes. Free riboflavin is actively transported into intestinal cells and converted back to FMN by phosphorylation. Riboflavin enters circulation bound to proteins and is transported to tissues where it is converted to FMN and FAD coenzymes. Tissues store riboflavin primarily as FMN and FAD bound to flavoproteins. Unused coenzymes are broken back down to free riboflavin which is excreted primarily in urine.
A presentation on pantothenic acid or b5
1. Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in energy production and metabolism.
2. It is widely found in foods like meat, eggs, legumes, and whole grains. Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A which is involved in important processes in the body.
3. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare due to its abundance in foods, but may cause burning sensations in hands and feet, fatigue, and muscle cramps. The recommended daily intake is 2-7 mg depending on age.
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, forms part of coenzyme A which plays an important role in energy metabolism. It is essential for the formation of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol. Pantothenic acid is used to synthesize coenzyme A, which transports carbon atoms within cells to form acetyl-CoA and related compounds for energy metabolism and biosynthesis of important compounds like fatty acids and cholesterol. Coenzyme A is also required for the formation of acetyl carrier protein needed for fatty acid synthesis.
Riboflavin ( B2) MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Riboflavin (B2) is a yellowish-green fluorescent compound that is water soluble and derived from ribose sugar. It is involved in many oxidation-reduction reactions as part of the coenzymes FMN and FAD. Good dietary sources include plant foods like rice, pulses, and green vegetables, as well as animal foods like liver, eggs, and milk. Riboflavin deficiency can cause cracks at the corners of the mouth, a smooth purple tongue, scaly skin rashes, and corneal vascularization of the eyes.
folic acid B9 MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble B vitamin that occurs naturally in many foods. It is important for cell division and growth, especially during periods of rapid cell division and growth like infancy and pregnancy. Folic acid works as a coenzyme in single carbon transfers that are critical for DNA synthesis and metabolism. A deficiency can result in health issues like megaloblastic anemia or neural tube defects in developing embryos. Good dietary sources include leafy green vegetables, legumes, liver, and fortified grains.
Vitamin b5
The document summarizes information about vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). It was discovered in 1919 by Roger J. Williams. It plays a key role in the synthesis of coenzyme A which is essential in energy metabolism and biosynthesis. Pantothenic acid is absorbed in the small intestine and transported into cells. Deficiency can cause neurological and metabolic issues, but is very rare. Toxicity from pantothenic acid is also unlikely as massive doses only cause mild side effects.
PYRIDOXINE (B6)
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is a water-soluble vitamin that exists as three closely related compounds - pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine. All three can be converted to the active coenzyme form, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), which is involved in many important metabolic processes like amino acid metabolism, synthesis of neurotransmitters and heme. Deficiency of vitamin B6 can cause neurological, dermatological and hematological issues due to impairment of these metabolic pathways. While essential for many functions, excess intake of vitamin B6 beyond recommended limits may cause sensory neuropathy.
Absorption, transport and metabolism of biotin
This document summarizes the absorption, transport, and metabolism of biotin in the human body. It discusses how biotin is released from food proteins and absorbed through both facilitated transport and passive diffusion in the small intestine. It then describes how biotin circulates in the bloodstream, is taken up by cells through sodium-dependent and monocarboxylate transporters, and is stored in tissues like the liver. Finally, it outlines how biotin is attached to carboxylase enzymes, recycled through cleavage by the enzyme biotinidase, catabolized, and excreted in the urine and feces.
Absorption, transport and metabolism of pyridoxine
The document summarizes the absorption, transport, and metabolism of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). It states that pyridoxine is absorbed via passive diffusion in the small intestine and transported to the liver bound to albumin in plasma. In tissues and liver, it is phosphorylated to its active form, pyridoxal phosphate. The liver plays a central role in interconverting pyridoxine forms and metabolizing excess amounts, which are ultimately excreted in urine as 4-pyridoxic acid. Alcohol and the drug INH can interfere with pyridoxine metabolism by displacing or binding to pyridoxal phosphate.
NIACIN (B3)
Niacin, or vitamin B3, is an essential vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in many metabolic reactions related to energy production. It is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Niacin deficiency causes the disease pellagra, with symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Treatment of pellagra involves niacin supplementation. Therapeutically, niacin is used to treat hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia by lowering LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels and raising HDL levels.
Pyridoxal (Vitamin b6)
this presentation is about Vitamin B6 which include structure , biochemical function , biochemical reaction, effect of deficiency of vitamin B6, Toxicity and function of Vitamin B6.
Inborn errors of metabolism
The document discusses inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). It describes IEM as metabolic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies that disrupt biochemical reactions in the body. IEM are divided into subgroups that affect amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, and other metabolisms. Symptoms seen in affected individuals can include lethargy, vomiting, seizures, skin abnormalities, organomegaly, and neurological or developmental issues. Diagnosis involves laboratory tests of blood and urine to identify specific metabolic abnormalities. Treatment aims to correct acute issues like acidosis or hypoglycemia and provide enzyme replacement or precursors to bypass the metabolic block.
Xenobiotic metabolism
Xenobiotics are foreign compounds that are metabolized in the body. There are two phases of xenobiotic metabolism: phase 1 involves reactions like hydroxylation that make the compound more polar, while phase 2 involves conjugating it with molecules like glucuronic acid to further increase polarity and allow excretion. Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a key role in phase 1 as they hydroxylate a wide variety of xenobiotics to make them more soluble. Understanding how the body metabolizes xenobiotics is important for fields like pharmacology, toxicology, and cancer research.
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Vitamin b7 or biotin
Vitamin B7, also called biotin, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that was first identified in the 1920s and its structure was elucidated in the 1940s. It plays an important role in metabolism, immune function, hair and skin health, and nervous system function. Good dietary sources include beef liver, barley, soybeans and cauliflower. A daily intake of 100-300 mcg is recommended for adults to prevent deficiency symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and skin disorders.
Riboflavin, VITAMIN B2
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is required for metabolism and energy production. Good dietary sources include milk, cheese, eggs, leafy greens, almonds, and soybeans. The recommended daily amount is 1.5 mg. Riboflavin is absorbed in the small intestine and circulates in the active forms FMN and FAD, which act as coenzymes in over 150 oxidation-reduction reactions involved in metabolism. Deficiency can cause symptoms like cracked lips, inflammation of the tongue, mouth ulcers, dry and scaling skin, and eye irritation.
Vitamin b7 or biotin
Vitamin B7, also called biotin, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that was first identified in the 1920s and its structure was elucidated in the 1940s. It plays an important role in metabolism, immune function, hair and skin health, and nervous system function. Good dietary sources include beef liver, barley, soybeans and cauliflower. A daily intake of 100-300 mcg is recommended for adults to prevent deficiency symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and skin disorders.
Biotin ..
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions involved in metabolizing fats and amino acids. It is found naturally in foods like peanuts, Swiss chard, and eggs, and supports cell growth, metabolism, blood sugar levels, and healthy hair and skin. A biotin deficiency can result from genetic errors affecting biotin-related enzymes and may cause alopecia, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, depression, lethargy, or numbness and tingling.
RIBOFLAVIN (B2)
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a yellow pigment that contains a 6,7-dimethylisoalloxazine ring. It functions as an important cofactor in redox reactions as FMN and FAD. Riboflavin is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to tissues like the liver, where it is converted to its coenzyme forms. Deficiency can cause cheilosis, glossitis and corneal vascularization. Rich dietary sources include milk, meat, eggs and liver.
FOLIC ACID (B9)
Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin that is essential for cell growth and division. It is involved in amino acid metabolism and the formation of DNA and RNA. A deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis. Folic acid is found naturally in green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits. Dietary deficiencies are common and can be caused by inadequate intake, malabsorption, or drug interactions. Supplementation is important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in newborns.
Biotin ( vitamin B7) Egg white injury, Leiner's disease
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in the body. It is not synthesized in humans and must be obtained through dietary sources like eggs, liver, and leafy greens. Biotin helps convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis, convert acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis, and is important for cell division and growth. Biotin deficiency can occur due to genetic defects impairing biotin absorption or through excessive raw egg consumption, which contains the biotin-binding protein avidin. Deficiency can cause skin rashes, hair loss, neurological issues, and fatty acid
Water soluble vitamins
This document provides information on water soluble vitamins. It discusses the criteria of water soluble vitamins, including that they are hydrophilic and soluble in water. It then describes several B vitamins in detail, including their roles as coenzymes in important metabolic processes and the deficiency symptoms that can arise from not getting enough of each vitamin. The vitamins covered are B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and vitamin C.
Vitamin B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is an essential component of coenzymes involved in redox reactions in the body. It acts as a precursor to FMN and FAD, which are cofactors for redox enzymes. Deficiency can result from poor intake, malabsorption, drug interactions, and genetic defects affecting flavin metabolism. Symptoms include sore throat, cheilosis, and glossitis. Status is assessed by urinary riboflavin levels, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity, and direct measurement of flavins in plasma and erythrocytes.
Absorption, transport and metabolism of riboflavin
Riboflavin is absorbed in the small intestine where coenzyme forms FMN and FAD are hydrolyzed to free riboflavin by intestinal enzymes. Free riboflavin is actively transported into intestinal cells and converted back to FMN by phosphorylation. Riboflavin enters circulation bound to proteins and is transported to tissues where it is converted to FMN and FAD coenzymes. Tissues store riboflavin primarily as FMN and FAD bound to flavoproteins. Unused coenzymes are broken back down to free riboflavin which is excreted primarily in urine.
A presentation on pantothenic acid or b5
1. Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in energy production and metabolism.
2. It is widely found in foods like meat, eggs, legumes, and whole grains. Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A which is involved in important processes in the body.
3. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare due to its abundance in foods, but may cause burning sensations in hands and feet, fatigue, and muscle cramps. The recommended daily intake is 2-7 mg depending on age.
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, forms part of coenzyme A which plays an important role in energy metabolism. It is essential for the formation of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol. Pantothenic acid is used to synthesize coenzyme A, which transports carbon atoms within cells to form acetyl-CoA and related compounds for energy metabolism and biosynthesis of important compounds like fatty acids and cholesterol. Coenzyme A is also required for the formation of acetyl carrier protein needed for fatty acid synthesis.
Riboflavin ( B2) MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Riboflavin (B2) is a yellowish-green fluorescent compound that is water soluble and derived from ribose sugar. It is involved in many oxidation-reduction reactions as part of the coenzymes FMN and FAD. Good dietary sources include plant foods like rice, pulses, and green vegetables, as well as animal foods like liver, eggs, and milk. Riboflavin deficiency can cause cracks at the corners of the mouth, a smooth purple tongue, scaly skin rashes, and corneal vascularization of the eyes.
folic acid B9 MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble B vitamin that occurs naturally in many foods. It is important for cell division and growth, especially during periods of rapid cell division and growth like infancy and pregnancy. Folic acid works as a coenzyme in single carbon transfers that are critical for DNA synthesis and metabolism. A deficiency can result in health issues like megaloblastic anemia or neural tube defects in developing embryos. Good dietary sources include leafy green vegetables, legumes, liver, and fortified grains.
Vitamin b5
The document summarizes information about vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). It was discovered in 1919 by Roger J. Williams. It plays a key role in the synthesis of coenzyme A which is essential in energy metabolism and biosynthesis. Pantothenic acid is absorbed in the small intestine and transported into cells. Deficiency can cause neurological and metabolic issues, but is very rare. Toxicity from pantothenic acid is also unlikely as massive doses only cause mild side effects.
PYRIDOXINE (B6)
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is a water-soluble vitamin that exists as three closely related compounds - pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine. All three can be converted to the active coenzyme form, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), which is involved in many important metabolic processes like amino acid metabolism, synthesis of neurotransmitters and heme. Deficiency of vitamin B6 can cause neurological, dermatological and hematological issues due to impairment of these metabolic pathways. While essential for many functions, excess intake of vitamin B6 beyond recommended limits may cause sensory neuropathy.
Absorption, transport and metabolism of biotin
This document summarizes the absorption, transport, and metabolism of biotin in the human body. It discusses how biotin is released from food proteins and absorbed through both facilitated transport and passive diffusion in the small intestine. It then describes how biotin circulates in the bloodstream, is taken up by cells through sodium-dependent and monocarboxylate transporters, and is stored in tissues like the liver. Finally, it outlines how biotin is attached to carboxylase enzymes, recycled through cleavage by the enzyme biotinidase, catabolized, and excreted in the urine and feces.
Absorption, transport and metabolism of pyridoxine
The document summarizes the absorption, transport, and metabolism of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). It states that pyridoxine is absorbed via passive diffusion in the small intestine and transported to the liver bound to albumin in plasma. In tissues and liver, it is phosphorylated to its active form, pyridoxal phosphate. The liver plays a central role in interconverting pyridoxine forms and metabolizing excess amounts, which are ultimately excreted in urine as 4-pyridoxic acid. Alcohol and the drug INH can interfere with pyridoxine metabolism by displacing or binding to pyridoxal phosphate.
NIACIN (B3)
Niacin, or vitamin B3, is an essential vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in many metabolic reactions related to energy production. It is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Niacin deficiency causes the disease pellagra, with symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Treatment of pellagra involves niacin supplementation. Therapeutically, niacin is used to treat hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia by lowering LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels and raising HDL levels.
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Biotin ( vitamin B7) Egg white injury, Leiner's disease
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Xenobiotics are foreign compounds that are metabolized in the body. There are two phases of xenobiotic metabolism: phase 1 involves reactions like hydroxylation that make the compound more polar, while phase 2 involves conjugating it with molecules like glucuronic acid to further increase polarity and allow excretion. Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a key role in phase 1 as they hydroxylate a wide variety of xenobiotics to make them more soluble. Understanding how the body metabolizes xenobiotics is important for fields like pharmacology, toxicology, and cancer research.
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BIOTIN - UG CLASS 2018.pptx
Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in the body. It is found naturally in foods like liver, egg yolks, nuts and some vegetables. Biotin helps to activate enzymes involved in metabolizing fats and amino acids. A biotin deficiency can result from consuming raw eggs due to the presence of avidin, a protein that binds biotin tightly and prevents its absorption. Biotin supplementation is used to treat deficiencies as well as a genetic disorder affecting carboxylase enzymes.
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Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential micronutrients needed by the body in small quantities. They are obtained through diet or supplements and play important roles in metabolism, growth, and vitality. The document discusses the classification of vitamins as water-soluble or fat-soluble, provides details on specific vitamins including their structures, functions, sources, and deficiencies. It covers vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B7, B9, B12, C, and discusses their isolation, toxicity, and roles in the body.
VITAMIN B8 BIOTIN MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Biotin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of fats and amino acids. It plays a role in various metabolic reactions involved in cell growth, fatty acid synthesis, and protein synthesis. Biotin deficiency is rare in humans but can result from consuming large amounts of raw egg whites due to the avidin protein binding to biotin and preventing its absorption. Mild deficiency symptoms include dermatitis, hair loss, and fatigue.
Biotin.pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Biotin is a B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme for carboxylation reactions by transferring a carboxyl group to substrates using energy from ATP. This allows biotin to play a key role in fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid catabolism by enzymes like acetyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Biotin deficiency can result from prolonged antibiotic use and causes symptoms like dermatitis, muscle pain, and hypoglycemia. While avidin in raw egg whites tightly binds and inhibits biotin absorption, biotin is present in foods like liver, egg yolks
Water soluble vitamins --sims 2020
This document discusses various water-soluble vitamins including vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, and C. It provides details on the roles, active forms, deficiencies, and food sources of each vitamin. The key points covered include how the vitamins function as enzyme cofactors and in critical metabolic pathways, as well as symptoms that can arise due to deficiencies.
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vitamins.pdf
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for normal growth and development. They act as cofactors for enzymes in metabolic pathways. There are two types of vitamins - water soluble vitamins like vitamin C and B vitamins, and fat soluble vitamins like vitamins A, D, E and K. The document discusses each vitamin in detail, describing their chemical structure, functions, dietary sources and deficiency symptoms.
Production of vitamin B12 using fermentation
This document discusses vitamins and the production of vitamin B12 through fermentation. It defines what vitamins are and classifies them as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Vitamin B12 is described as being water-soluble and important for nervous system and blood cell functions. The document outlines the industrial fermentation process for producing B12 using selected bacteria like Pseudomonas denitrificans and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii grown under specific conditions in a liquid medium. It discusses the aerobic and anaerobic pathways that different microorganisms use to synthesize B12 and describes methods like submerged fermentation and recovery processes like heating and filtering to harvest the
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Vitamin D is a secosteroid produced in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol under UV light or obtained from dietary sources like fish, eggs, and mushrooms. It is stored in the liver and adipose tissue and functions to increase intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate which is necessary for bone formation and mineralization. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children, causing soft bones and deformities, and osteomalacia in adults, causing skeletal pain and porous bones. It has a recommended daily intake of 600-800 IU and is used to treat and prevent rickets, osteoporosis, and hypocalcemia.
Vitamins and coenymes
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water soluble vitamins..
This document summarizes water-soluble vitamins vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins. It discusses their classification, sources, functions, deficiency manifestations, and recommended dietary allowances. The key water-soluble vitamins covered are vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, and folic acid. For each, the document outlines their roles in metabolism, common food sources, signs of deficiency, and treatment for deficiencies.
Water soluble vitamins
The document summarizes key information about water soluble vitamins. It discusses the general properties of water soluble vitamins, including that they are excreted in urine and must be continuously supplied through diet. It then provides details on individual vitamins, including their structures, food sources, recommended daily allowances, and biochemical functions and deficiency manifestations.
Introduction to-vitamins
The document discusses various B vitamins, including their chemistry, food sources, roles in the body, and deficiency diseases. It provides information on vitamin B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), and B9 (folic acid). The key points made are that B vitamins serve as cofactors in many enzyme reactions involved in metabolism and must be obtained through the diet as humans cannot synthesize most of them. Deficiencies can result in diseases like beriberi, pellagra, and anemia.
Power Point Presentation on Vitamines
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential nutrients for organisms. Some vitamins can be synthesized in the body, while others must be obtained through food. Vitamins are divided into two groups based on solubility - fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K which are found in lipids, and water soluble vitamins B and C. Vitamins play important roles as co-enzymes and are required in small amounts, but deficiencies can lead to diseases over the long term.
Topic vitamin a
this is presentation on vitamin a production by the microorganism various microorganism produced vitamin a commercially by which we can obtain it easily and produced industrial application. what are the vitamin a classification and production
vitamins%20edit.pptx
Vitamins are small organic molecules required in small amounts that are not synthesized by the body. They are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver while water-soluble vitamins are not stored, except for vitamin B12, and are excreted in urine. Vitamins function as coenzymes and are essential for growth, maintenance and reproduction, with deficiencies leading to diseases like beriberi, pellagra, or megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamins t uesday report
This document summarizes several B vitamins: vitamin B6, vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B8 (lipoic acid), and vitamin B7 (biotin). It discusses their functions, which include involvement in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and synthesis of neurotransmitters. Sources listed include meats, fish, poultry, eggs, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and various vegetables. Health effects of deficiencies are also outlined.
Vitamins
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in small amounts for normal metabolism and good health. They are produced naturally by plants and microorganisms or synthetically. The document discusses the production of several vitamins (B2, B6, B12, C) through microbial fermentation. Optimal conditions like pH, temperature and carbon/nitrogen sources influence microbial vitamin production. Strain improvement through mutagenesis, genetic engineering and culture optimization has increased industrial vitamin yields.
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Biotin
- 1. BIOTIN VYDEHI VEERAMALLA FINAL YEAR PG BIOCHEMISTRY
- 2. • Introducyion • Chemistry • Functions • Food sources Contents • Deficiency • Biotin antagonists • Diagnostic uses • Recent advances
- 3. anti-egg white injury factor vitamin H – ‘H’ stands for ‘haut’, the German word for skin. Co-enzyme R is essential for Rhizobium, in root nodules of Leguminous plant Water soluble B-vit Sulphur containing Introduction
- 6. Coenzyme for carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl CoA carboxylase Propionyl carboxylase β - Methyl crotonyl CoA carboxylase
- 7. All the carboxylation reactions in the biological system are not dependent on Biotin Few carboxylation reactions which do not require biotin 1) Formation of carbamoyl phosphate in urea cycle 2) Incorporation of CO2 in purine synthesis
- 8. 1) Immune system 2) Growth of hair 3) Proper distribution of colour pigment 4) Nervous system Functions of Biotin
- 10. Fatty acid synthesis Acetyl co A carboxylase
- 11. β - Methyl crotonyl CoA carboxylase Leucine metabolism
- 13. Water-soluble SWISS CHARD SASKATOON BERRIES PEANUTS MOLASSES HONEY
- 14. • water-insoluble form kidney, milk cereals beans vegetables
- 16. Intestine bacteria can synthesise the vitamin and is a good source STORAGE liver. Excretion:urine, faeces and milk RDA Adults : 200 – 300 mg/day
- 17. generally not seen because of wide distribution in foods Synthesis of vitamin by the bacterial flora in the gut causes a) 20 raw eggs/day b) sulfonamides
- 18. Biotinidase is required to salvage biotin for reuse during cellular turnover. It is also needed to release bound ingested biotin for absorption. A shortage of the enzyme results in a greater requirement for the vitamin than normal.
- 19. Inherited - Autosomal recessive Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency & Biotinidase deficiency high levels of organic acids in urine. Blood tests can then be done on white cells & plasma to measure enzyme levels. biotin responsive dermatoses
- 20. Leiner’s disease/erythroderma desquamativum or exfoliative dermatitis breastfed infants with persistent diarrhoea. low biotin content of human milk poor absorption of biotin due to diarrhoea
- 21. thick, frizzy, light-colored hair which simply will not respond to combing. uncombable hair syndrome
- 23. Brittle nails conjunctivitis dermatitis Easy peeling of skin
- 24. • Avidin ( Raw egg white injury factor ) • a heat labile protein • Egg white contains Avidin & egg yolk contains biotin • Avidin binds to biotin & makes its unavailable for absorption • Avidin is inactivated by boiling the eggs & biotin is readily absorbed when boiled eggs are used in diet
- 25. One molecule of avidin can combine with four molecules of biotin Avidin-biotin system is commonly utilized for detection of pathogens in ELISA test
- 26. Biotin Conjugates used with Avidin or Streptavidin for Maximum Signal Enhancement: Unlabeled streptavidin (S) (L) i.e. an enzyme or analyte, which also contains multiple biotin moieties. This effect results in an extended polymeric structure that maximizes sensitivity in many assays.
- 27. If a 5′-biotinylated primer is used in a PCR reaction the corresponding strand of the PCR product will be biotinylated. It can be separated from the unbiotinylated complementary strand by exposure to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads This is a useful technique for isolating one strand of a PCR product for further manipulation. Biotin labelling ofDNA
- 28. 1. Biotin is sulphur containg 2. water soluble 3. B- vitamin 4. widely distributed in food 5. Used in Elisa 6. Dna labelling summary
- 29. Thankyou