Phytonutrients are biologically active compounds found in plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. They include carotenoids, polyphenols like flavonoids and phenolic acids, phytoestrogens, organosulfides found in garlic, and isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables. Many phytonutrients have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases. However, their bioavailability can vary depending on factors like food processing and an individual's gut microbiome, and more research is still needed to fully understand their health impacts.
Diet is not all about loosing or gaining weight, its therapeutic benefits are often taken lightly by most of us. Planning of a therapeutic diet implies the ability to adopt the principal of normal nutrition to the various regimens for adequacy, correctness, economy and palatability. It requires recognition of the need for dietary supplements such as vitamin and mineral concentrates when the nature of the diet itself imposes severe restrictions, the patient's appetite is poor or absorption and utilization are impaired so that the diet cannot meet the needs of optimum nutrition.
There are several therapeutic benefits of a well balanced diet such as:
•Fuel to perform daily activities
•Nutrients for the body's cells
•Growth and repair of tissue
•Reinforcing the immune system
•Preventing chronic diseases of lifestyle
•Maintaining good mental health
•Ensuring healthy teeth and bones
Functional food & Phytonutrients
Definition
Examples of some functional food worldwide
Functional Food Components
Concept of functional foods
Cereals as functional food
Legumes as functional foods
Vegetables as functional food
Fruits as functional foods
Probiotics as functional food
Functional food and fortification
Phytonutrients
General functions of phytonutrients
Various Phytochemicals
Mechanisms of action of Phytonutrients
Development of Nutraceuticals & functional foodsEkta Belwal
“Nutraceuticals” & “Health food” shops has grown enormously, fostered by wide media coverage of their benefits. There has been a boom in their sales as patients rush to self-medicate, either in the hope that these products will be effective in treating diseases unsatisfactorily treated with pharmaceuticals, or that the adverse effects of some pharmaceuticals may be avoided.
Phytochemical community open house dalhousie university truro campusUniversité Laval
Phytochemicals are broad & diverse group of compounds that are produced & accumulated in plants. Phytochemical-rich foods include: fruits & vegetables, some cocoa products, as well as whole grains, beverages such as tea & wine. Phytochemicals can alter metabolic & cellular processes.
Diet is not all about loosing or gaining weight, its therapeutic benefits are often taken lightly by most of us. Planning of a therapeutic diet implies the ability to adopt the principal of normal nutrition to the various regimens for adequacy, correctness, economy and palatability. It requires recognition of the need for dietary supplements such as vitamin and mineral concentrates when the nature of the diet itself imposes severe restrictions, the patient's appetite is poor or absorption and utilization are impaired so that the diet cannot meet the needs of optimum nutrition.
There are several therapeutic benefits of a well balanced diet such as:
•Fuel to perform daily activities
•Nutrients for the body's cells
•Growth and repair of tissue
•Reinforcing the immune system
•Preventing chronic diseases of lifestyle
•Maintaining good mental health
•Ensuring healthy teeth and bones
Functional food & Phytonutrients
Definition
Examples of some functional food worldwide
Functional Food Components
Concept of functional foods
Cereals as functional food
Legumes as functional foods
Vegetables as functional food
Fruits as functional foods
Probiotics as functional food
Functional food and fortification
Phytonutrients
General functions of phytonutrients
Various Phytochemicals
Mechanisms of action of Phytonutrients
Development of Nutraceuticals & functional foodsEkta Belwal
“Nutraceuticals” & “Health food” shops has grown enormously, fostered by wide media coverage of their benefits. There has been a boom in their sales as patients rush to self-medicate, either in the hope that these products will be effective in treating diseases unsatisfactorily treated with pharmaceuticals, or that the adverse effects of some pharmaceuticals may be avoided.
Phytochemical community open house dalhousie university truro campusUniversité Laval
Phytochemicals are broad & diverse group of compounds that are produced & accumulated in plants. Phytochemical-rich foods include: fruits & vegetables, some cocoa products, as well as whole grains, beverages such as tea & wine. Phytochemicals can alter metabolic & cellular processes.
The benefits and risks associated with functional foods and nutraceuticals are presented in the presentation. Also, way-forward is captured in light of the risks.
important of nutraceuticals in pharmacy field for beneficial effect, herbal foods, useful effects in human beings, anticancer activity, fertility activity, anti diabetic activity, scope of nutraceutical market in INDIA
Lycopene is bright red color carotene and carotenoid pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables.Animal feed supplements that have a beneficial effect on the host animal by affecting its gut microflora.This leads to the signaling of toll-like receptors that activate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Nutraceuticals is a broad umbrella term that is used to describe any product derived from food sources with extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods.Nutraceutical, a portmanteau of the words “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical”, was coined in 1989 by Stephen L. DeFelice, founder and chairman of the Foundation of Innovation Medicine.[1] The term is applied to products that range from isolated nutrients, dietary supplements and herbal products, specific diets and processed foods such as cereals, soups, and beverages.
Role of nutraceuticals and functional foods in healthy ageingT. Tamilselvan
Explanation and Detailed examples and its uses for nutraceuticals and functional foods with research examples. uses and health benefits are also described in detail
The benefits and risks associated with functional foods and nutraceuticals are presented in the presentation. Also, way-forward is captured in light of the risks.
important of nutraceuticals in pharmacy field for beneficial effect, herbal foods, useful effects in human beings, anticancer activity, fertility activity, anti diabetic activity, scope of nutraceutical market in INDIA
Lycopene is bright red color carotene and carotenoid pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables.Animal feed supplements that have a beneficial effect on the host animal by affecting its gut microflora.This leads to the signaling of toll-like receptors that activate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Nutraceuticals is a broad umbrella term that is used to describe any product derived from food sources with extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods.Nutraceutical, a portmanteau of the words “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical”, was coined in 1989 by Stephen L. DeFelice, founder and chairman of the Foundation of Innovation Medicine.[1] The term is applied to products that range from isolated nutrients, dietary supplements and herbal products, specific diets and processed foods such as cereals, soups, and beverages.
Role of nutraceuticals and functional foods in healthy ageingT. Tamilselvan
Explanation and Detailed examples and its uses for nutraceuticals and functional foods with research examples. uses and health benefits are also described in detail
Functional Foods: Key Trends by Product Categories and BenefitsMarketResearch.com
An overview of the Functional Foods: Key Trends by Product Categories and Benefits report. Within the vibrant U.S. functional food and beverage market, weight management and satiety, sports nutrition, and energy are areas showing exceptional activity, in part due to the growth of products and categories targeting breakfast and snacking occasions. As a result, important shifts in brand positioning, benefits and product claims are taking place.
Functional Food in European Union and Bosniariada_asimovic
What is functional food, what are its benefits, potential advantages for further development of EU competitiveness? What are the potentials and risks of R&D in this field? What is the current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding this matter?
Credit: www.foodinsight.org
Functional food Energy Diet (http://www.beautysane.com/UK/products.html) meet high standard ISO 9001.
* Meal substitutes for you to cook
* Around 20 flavors for varied gourmet meals
* Enriched with 23 vitamins and minerals
* Haute Digestibilité (HD), an exclusive and patented system of highly digestible products
* Each meal costs less than £3
* Made in France
* Guaranteed: no preservatives, artificial colouring, aspartame or glutamate
To order, Whatsapp +971-55-9483654
Features & Application of CaliVita dietary supplementsMarta Kinga Veres
The top reasons why it is important to take natural supplements:
- Increasing levels of environmental pollution in our air, water and food
- Depleted soils
- A study published in the Journal of Nutrition and Health found copper levels in the UK have dropped by 90% in dairy, 55% in meat, and 76% in vegetables from 1940 - 2002.
- Food processing, cooking, and preserving
- Normal Aging = Digestion Issues
- Stress + Stress + Stress = Compromised Immune System
CaliVita food supplements:
- They are made from fresh natural ingredients and contain no chemical additives (sugar, salt, preservatives, artificial colors or genetically modified components)
- Delayed release technology
- Synergic (mutually strengthening) effect
- They are manufactured in the USA under the controll of US Food and Drug Administration, according to the principles of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)
You can buy Calivita products here: https://martaveres.calivita.eu/webshop
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
4. What are functional
foods?
• International food information council “those foods that
provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition”
Bioactive
Nutraceutical
• Considered non-essential for
growth and development
• Decrease risk of chronic diseases
5. dietary
supplements
• Regulated as foods
• Safety of supplement regulated by FDA
only after they have entered the market
• DSHEA states that a dietary supplement is
“adulterated” only if it presents a
“significant or unreasonable risk of illness
or injury”
6. Dietary supplement health &
education act of 1994
Definition of a supplement:
“Is a product (other than tobacco) that is intended to supplement the
diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary
ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other botanical, an amino
acid, a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by
increasing the total daily intake, or a concentrate, metabolite,
constituent, extract, or combinations of these ingredients.”
• Is intended for ingestion in pill capsule, tablet, or liquid form
• Is not represented for use as a conventional food or as the soled
item of a meal or diet
• Is labeled as a “dietary supplement”
• Includes products such as an approved new drug, certified antibiotic,
or licensed biologic that was marketed as a dietary supplements or
food before approval, certification, or license (unless the Secretary
of Health and Human Services waives this provision).
7. the challenge of assessing dietary
supplements
• Need surrogate endpoints!
• Example assessment of risk of cancer,
inflammation
• Bioactive components decrease inflammation
via multiple mechanisms, i.e. activation of
transcription factor and other epigenetic
regulations
• Act as antioxidant etc.
8.
9.
10. Cytochrome p450
• The superfamily of monooxygenases that catalyze
the oxidation of organic substance.
• Heme proteins
• Substrates include metabolic intermediate, lipids,
steroidal hormones, as well as xenobiotic
substances such as drugs and other toxic
chemicals.
• Major enzymes involved in drug metabolism
• The most common reaction catalyzed by
cytochromes P450 is a monooxygenase reaction:
RH + O2 + NADPH + H+ → ROH + H2O + NADP+
11. Cyclooxygenase
•
enzymes that are responsible for the formation of the paracrine
hormones, eicosanoids: prostaglandins, leukotrienes and
thromboxanes.
•
•
Act on 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids
The target of non-steroidal, antiinflammatory drugs, such as aspirin
and ibuprofen
Inflammation,
asthma, allergy
Regulate synthesis of cAMP
production fever, pain,
blood flow, and uterine
contraction
Produced by
platelets,
important in
clotting and
blood flow
12. Glycemic index & glycemic load
• The glycemic index (GI) is a
measure of how quickly 50 gram
of available carbohydrate (minus
fiber) in a particular type of food
will increase blood sugar
(glucose), compared to white
bread or pure glucose
• A practical limitation of the
glycemic index is that it does not
take into account the quality or
quantity of carbohydrate actually
consumed in a meal.
• Glycemic load takes quantity
into account by multiplying the
glycemic index by the
carbohydrate content of the
actual serving.
14. carotenoids
• Yellow and orange fruits, dark
green leafy vegetables
• α and β-carotene and β cryptoxantin –
precursor to Vitamin A
• lycopene, lutein, and zeaxantin – not
precursors to vit A
• Foods rich in carenoids may be safer than purified
supplements
• Typical western diet contains about 6 mg/day of
carotenoids, 60% from animal sources
• Bioavailability enhanced by fat
15.
16. lycopenes
• accumulates in certain
tissues, such as
prostate
• Lycopene commonly in
plasma associated with
LDLs
• Lutein and zeaxantin
have high binding
affinity to HDLs –
accumulate in macula
lutea of retina, act as
photoreceptors
18. Plant sterols & stanols
• Most abundant Sterols = β-sitosterol,
stigmasterol, campesterol
• Inhibit growth of various forms of lung, stomach,
ovarian and breast cancer.
• Stanols = sitostanol, campestanol
•
•
•
•
Sterols essential component cell membrane
Have sterol ring – differ in side chain.
Stanols are saturated form of sterol
Phytosterol absorption from intestine is a fraction
of cholesterol
19. Sterols and stanols cont…
• Cholesterol lowing effect
by lowering absorption
• FDA authorized
health claims – must
contain at least 0.65 g of
plant sterols or 1.70 g
stanol esters (esters have
higher lipid solubility and are
more easily incorporated into
foods)
• Typical diet .15 - .4
g/day of sterols and
stanols
• To achieve 1.5 g/day, use
supplement
20. Disruption of lipid rafts
NT
Sterol X
TNF
A
B
C
• nSMase (green), lipid raft (red), colocalization of nSMase (yellow)
• (A) Control, (B) TNFα (200 ng/ml), (C) Compound X isolated from AKBB (5 μg/ml) and TNFα
21. Disruption of lipid rafts by compounds in AKBB
β-sitosterol
Cholesterol
Ursolic acid
22. Polyphenols
• 1) flavanoids,
2) phenolic acids
• Secondary metabolites
– more than 8000
• Hydroxyl groups might provide
reducing power or antioxidant
potential (ROS)
• Usually lots of conjugated double
bonds
• Usually in free form or Ο-glycosides
23. How do we measure antioxidant
power?
• Assays for measuring radical quenching
ability:
ORAC measures sample’s ability to
inhibit peroxyl radical oxidization of
the fluorescent probe, fluorescein.
Compared to tocopherol.
• Antioxidants can also chelate metals such
as iron. Ferric reducing antioxidant power
FRAP assay.
24. 1) flavonoids
• Teas, berries, colorful fruit, red wine,
dark chocolate, ginger, licorice
ginseng
• Antiinflammatory, antioxidative,
antiallergenic, anticarcinogenic
• Low molecular weight, two aromatic
rings joined by 3 C chain that often
incorporates O into a ring.
• Subclasses: flavones, flavonols,
flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins
• Proanthocyanins sometimes called
tannins are oligomers of polymers of
flavanol units
• US ingest 20 mg/day
• Database: USDA data base for the
flavonoid content of selected foods
and Phenol explorer
25. Anthrocyanins in Alaskan Cranberries and
Blueberries
mg/g of fresh weight
1.8
1.6
Cranberry
1.4
AK Cranberry
1.2
Blueberry
1
AK Blueberry
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Anthocyanins
26. Flavonoid metabolism…
• Free flavonoids can be absorbed across the
small intestinal mucosa, flavonoid glycosides
require hydrolysis by digestive enzymes
• Flavonoids then undergo methylation and/or
conjugation to glucuronic acid or sulfate
before excretion
• Conjugates excreted in the bile undergo
deconjugation in the gut, catalyzed by
microbiota, releasing flavonoid that may be
reabsorbed
27. 2) Phenolic acids
• Second largest subclass of
polyphenols – COOH group
• makes up about 1/3rd of total
polyphenolics in diet.
• groups based on R group on C
ring: 1) hydroxycinnamic acids
2) hydroxybenzoic acids
• Hydroxycinnamic acid esters shown to inhibit
5’lipoxygenases
• Caffeic acid and ellagic acid shown to lower
triglyceride levels and elevate insulin, lower ROS, and
proinflammatory cytokines.
• Typical diet range rom 0.025 – 1 g/day
• Little known about bioavailability and metabolism.
28. Phytoestrogens
• Majority phytoestrogens belong •
to 4 subclasses:
isoflavanoid, coumestans, isofl
avones, lignans, stilbenes
• Composed of a planar
aromatic ring system with one
or more hyroxyl
• Phytoestrogens proposed to
mimic estrogen and act as
weak agonist, promoting
•
estrogen signaling in the
absence of estrogen.
favorably affect hormonedependent
cancers, menopausal
symptoms, glycemic
control and weight
maintenance, decrease
thrombus and platelet
aggregation, lower
TGL, LDL.
Recommended as alt to
hormone replacement
therapy.
• No safety info
30. Phytoestrogens cont…
• Founds in
licorice, kudzu, soy, red
clover, saw palmetto
• Wine, grapes and peanuts
good source of resveratrol
• Flax seed, whole grain
products, vegies, tea good
source of lignans.
• FDA approved health claim of
25 g or more soy flour for CVD
31. Indole-3-carbinol
• A chemically, mechanistically, and
phylogenetically separate
phytoestrogen is indole-3-carbinol
• does not mimic estrogen,
but alters alters estrogen
metabolism via a different
mechanism.
• Acid condensate of I-3-C binds to
aryl hydrocarbon receptor which is
capable of upregulating expression
of cytochrome P450, which is
involved in endogenous estrogen
metabolism
32. Isothiocyanates
• More than 120 have been identified
• When cell wall is disrupted by
chewing, chopping, etc, a hydrolytic
enzyme, myrosinase, releases a bioactive
isothiocyanate, a thiocyanate or a nitrile
• Cabbage, brocolli, bok choy…
• Shown to slow progression of common
cancers with as little as
3 – 5 servings each week
• Proposed to increase
detoxification of carcinogens
33. Organosulfurs
• Contains a derivative of
cysteine
called alliin, released when allium
vegetables are crushed.
• the enzyme allinase produces a lipidsoluble, unstable intermediate called allicin
that decomposes to produce allyl
sulfides, including diallyl sulfide (DAS, DAD
and DATS)
• Onions, leaks, chives, scallions, garlic
(richest source)
34. Organosulfides cont…
•
•
•
•
Antithrobotic effect via platelet inhibition
May inhibit COX and prostaglandin synthesis
Free radical scavenging activity
Causes apoptosis of human bladder cancer cells
through caspase activity.
• Protects DNA from oxidation and prevents DNA
mutagenesis.
• Like cruciferous veggies, alliums contains
selenocysteine methyl transferase which is what
allows the plant to take up inorganic selenium.
• Acute exposure to DAS, DAT inhibit cytochrome
P450 but chronic exposure upregulates
35. Polyols
• Sugar alcohols are used as
sweeteners –
Xylitol, Sorbitol, Mannitol
• Fewer calories (1.5 – 3
kcal/g) and lower glycemic
index due to reduced
absorption by intestine
• Excessive consumption of
sugar alcohols lead to
osmotic diarrhea – >50g of
sorbitol or 20 g mannitol
36. Stevia
• A natural zero calorie South
American
herb
• Steviol contains two hydroxyl groups
• Sugar residues are esterified to one or both
of the –OH groups to form glycosides which
are 200 – 450 times sweeter than sucrose.
• Microflora in intestine release sugars and
steviol
• May lower blood pressure
Editor's Notes
All cells were treated with 200 ng/ml of TNFα except for Control Alexa Fluor594 conjugate of cholera toxin subunit B (CT-B) (Table 1). ThisCT-B conjugate binds to the pentasaccharide chain of plasmamembrane ganglioside GM1, which selectively partitions into lipidrafts.12,34
such as TNF receptor I with nSMase. The subsequent accumulation of ceramide through nSMase activation serves to coalesce lipid rafts into larger platforms involved in the signaling cascade leading to apoptosisa phosphorylation cascade induced by insulin binding to its receptor activates the phosphoinositide 3-kinases and the G protein, TC10. The later binds and recruits an exocyst protein complex (APS-CAP-Cbl) integral to the docking of Glut4 at lipid raft domains. assembly is necessary for Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake (Inoue et al., 2006). Fujimura et al. (2006) found a receptor associated with lipid rafts that bind with Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), a potent flavonoid in green tea.APS is a Cbl-binding protein that is tyrosine phosphorylated by the insulin receptor kinase