Orange peel, Soy, Glycyrrhiza, Buck wheat, Craneberry and Garcinia flavonoids

1. FLAVONOIDS

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Classification
• Chemical test
• Occurrence
• Orange peel – Flavonol, Flavanone
• Garcinia
• Soybean - Isoflavones
• Liquorice
• Cranberry
• Buckwheat

3. INTRODUCTION
• Flavonoids are regarded as C6-C3-C6 compounds (15
carbon skeleton) in which C6 moiety is benzene ring,
• The variation in the state of oxidation of the
connecting C3 moiety determines the property and
class of such compounds.
• Occurs in plants as Glycoside in which one or more of
the phenolic hydroxyl groups are combined with
sugar residue.
• The –OH groups are found in positions 5 and 7 in
ring A, while in ring B commonly carries –OH or
alkoxyl groups.
• Flavonoids consists of aromatic ring A, condensed to
heterocyclic ring C attached to second aromatic ring

4. INTRODUCTION
• They are formed from 3 acetate units and a phenyl
propane unit.
• They are classified according to the state of
oxygenation of the C3 unit, i.e. C-2-,3,4.
• They have been used extensively as chemotaxonomic
marker and are abundant in the Polygonaceae,
Rutaceae, Leguminosae, Umbelliferae and
Compositae family
• They occur both in free state and as glycosides; most
are o-glycoside but a considerable number of
flavonoid C-glycoside are known. Dimeric
compounds with, e.g. 5’-8-carbon-carbon linkage are
also known (bioflavonoids)

6. OCCURRENCE IN NATURE
Type Compound Nature Occurrence
Flavone Luteolin Tetrahydroxy
5,7,3’,4’
Wild carrot
Flavonol Quercetin Pentahydroxy
3,5,7,3’,4’
Rutin
(Rhamnoglucoside
)
Kaempferol Tetrahydroxy
3,5,7,4’
Senna
Flavonone Liquiritigenin Dihydroxy 7,4’ Liquorice
Chalcone Unstable isomers
of flavonones
Family rutaceae
and Liquorice
Xanthone Gentisin 1,7-Dihyroxy-3-
methoxy
Gentiana &
Swertia spp.
Iso flavones Soyabeans
Bi flavones Garcinia

8. CLASSIFICATION
• Classified in to Anthocyanins & Anthoxanthins
• Anthocyanins are glycosides of anthocyanidins, which
are water soluble plant pigment and responsible for
various colors such as purple, blue and red to fruits,
flowers and leaves.
• Anthoxanthins are white or yellowish or colorless
compounds and includes flavonols, flavanols,
isoflavones and flavanones
• General pharmacologic activity includes cardiac
stimulant, diuretic and antioxidants to lipids

9. • Sugar free pigments are called as Anthocyanidins.
• Natural Anthocyanidines are classified into 3 groups:
Pelargonidin, Cyanidin and Delphinidin
• Factors like pH, complex forming metal, tannins
affect the colors of the anthocyanins.

10. CHEMICAL TEST
1. Shinoda test: drug solution + Mg turning + conc.
HCl drop wise, pink scarlet, crimson red or
occasionally green to blue color appears in few
minutes
2. Alkaline reagent test: drug solution + NaOH,
intense yellow color is formed which turns to
colorless on addition of few drops of dil. Acid
3. Zinc HCl test: drug solution + zinc dust + conc. HCl,
red color after few minutes

11. • Rutin: occurs as a yellow crystalline powder.
• Soluble in alkali but only slightly soluble in water
• On hydrolysis yield Quercetin, rhamnose and glucose
• Hesperidin:
• On hydrolysis yield hesperetin (or methyl eridictyol),
rhamnose and glucose
• It decrease capillary fragility ad are therefore
employed in cases of hypertension and radiation
injuries.

12. 1. ORANGE PEEL
(HESPERIDIN)
• Source: peels of Citrus aurantium
• Family: Rutaceae
• Constituent: Flavonoid (Hesperidin)
• Colorless needle like crystals, closely related to
Vitamin P (Citrin), readily soluble in hot water,
sparingly soluble in alcohol and cold water and
practically insoluble in ether, benzene and
chloroform
• Use: prevention and management of capillary fragility
so used in hypertension, CVS disorders,

14. 2. GARCINIA
(BI0FLAVONOIDS)
• Dried de-seeded fruits of Garcinia cambogia
• Family: Guttiferae
• GS: Western Ghat, Nilgiri, Srilanka
• Constituent: Biflavonoids, Hydroxy citric acid
• Use: Flavonoids reported to lower the lipid levels so
used in obesity and hypercholestermia
• The content of bioflavonoids in the plant, which may
increase the level of peripheral testosterone, which
can stimulate erythropoiesis in humans hence

15. 3. SOYBEAN (ISOFLAVONES)
• Source: dried seeds of Glycine max
• Family: Leguminosae
• Constituents: Isoflavones
• Use: Soy flavonoids (isoflavones) can also reduce
blood cholesterol and can help to prevent osteoporis.
Soy flavonoids are also used to ease menopausal
symptoms.
• CVS, Mental and Women’s health, cancer prevention

17. 4. LIQUORICE
(BIOFLAVONOIDS)
• Syn: Mulethi, Jethimadh
• Source: dried roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza
glabara
• Family: Leguminosae
• Constituents: Glycyrrhizoflavone, Isocoflavonol,
Licochalcone
• Use: Liver protective, Bioflavonoids have been shown
in recent years to have a wide range of biological
activities, including cardiovascular, antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, anti-allergic, detoxicant and
antimicrobial, etc.

18. 5. CRANBERRY (QUERCETIN)
• Source: berries of Vaccinium macrocarpon
• Family: Ericaceae
• GS: Canada, US
• Constituents: Proanthocyanidins, flavonols and
anthocyanins, Quercetin
• Use: Reduction in urinary tract infection,
Atherosclerosis, CVS disorders, Ovarian cancer

20. 6. BUCK WHEAT (RUTIN)
• Source: powder of dried food grains of Fagopyrum
esculentum
• Family: Polygonaceae
• GS: food crop in US, Russia, Japan
• Constituents: 12% protein, 2% fat, mainly RUTIN
• Rutin is microcrystalline greenish yellow tasteless
powder, soluble in methanol-isopropyl alcohol-
pyridine-alkali hydroxides
• Use: capillary bleeding along with increased capillary
fragility so used in retinal haemorrhage