Bryophyte,Cryptogams,Gymno
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The document summarizes the key characteristics of the Plant Kingdom. It describes the two main groups of plants as nonvascular plants like mosses that lack true roots, stems and leaves, and vascular plants that have xylem tissue and true roots, stems and leaves. Within vascular plants it outlines the divisions of seedless vascular plants like ferns and club mosses, as well as seed plants including both gymnosperms like conifers that have naked seeds and angiosperms or flowering plants whose seeds are enclosed in fruits.
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Primitive vascular plants evolved adaptations for life on land including vascular tissue for transport and alternation of generations. They include psilophytes which were the earliest vascular plants with no specialized organs, lycophytes with true roots, stems and scale-like leaves requiring water for reproduction, and sphenophytes with whorled leaves and siliceous stems requiring water for motile sperm. Advanced ferns have well-developed vascular tissue and xylem and phloem, thriving in damp habitats with a dominant sporophyte and inconspicuous gametophyte reproducing via spores in sori on fronds.
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1. Land plants evolved from algae and developed sexual reproduction cycles. They alternate between haploid and diploid generations, with the sporophyte generation usually dominating the plant's lifespan.
2. Vascular plants have vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. They are divided into two main groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms.
3. Angiosperms, or flowering plants, reproduce using seeds protected within fruits. They make up more than three-quarters of plant species and include both monocots and dicots.
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Plants can be divided into three main groups based on their reproduction methods:
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1. Land plants evolved from algae and developed sexual reproduction cycles. They alternate between haploid and diploid generations, with the sporophyte generation usually dominating the plant's lifespan.
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Nonvascular plants lack true roots, stems, and leaves due to the absence of vascular tissue. They are called thallophytes and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They must live in moist environments because they lack internal structures for transporting water and nutrients and generally only grow 1-2 cm tall. Vascular plants have specialized tissues for transport and include both spore-bearing plants like ferns and seed-bearing plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms produce naked seeds enclosed in cones while angiosperms produce seeds enclosed within flowers in an ovary.
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The document classifies plants into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants are further divided into ferns, mosses and gymnosperms. Ferns have vascular tissue and spore-producing organs on their leaves. Mosses are the simplest plants lacking true roots and vascular tissue, with spores produced in capsules. Gymnosperms are coniferous trees with naked seeds in female cones. Flowering plants are divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons based on their seed and leaf characteristics.
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The document classifies plants into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants are further divided into mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. Mosses have no true roots or vascular tissues, simple stems and leaves, and reproduce via spores from capsules dispersed by wind. Ferns have roots, feathery leaves, underground stems, and vascular tissues, reproducing via spores on leaf undersides. Gymnosperms are tall evergreen trees like pine trees with needle-shaped leaves, cones, and naked seeds in female cones. Flowering plants are divided into monocots and dicots based on their seed and leaf characteristics.
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This document provides an overview of the classification of plants. It discusses the main kingdoms of Plantae including cryptogams and phanerogams. The five major subgroups are described based on characteristics like plant body structure, vascular system, seed formation. These include thallophyta (algae-like plants), bryophyta (mosses and liverworts), pteridophyta (ferns), gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Angiosperms are further divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons based on seed structure. Key distinguishing features of each group are highlighted.
VASCULAR PLANTS :)
Vascular plants include clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms like conifers, and angiosperms. They have specialized tissues called xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and phloem transports food.
Lycophytes are the oldest division of vascular plants, developing 410 million years ago. They reproduce using spores, not seeds, and alternate between sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Club mosses are examples.
Monilophytes, or ferns, developed 360 million years ago. They resemble lycophytes but have true leaves. Gymnosperms like conifers and cycads bear naked seeds in cones
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Lec 1 intro to botany
This is a powerpoint presentation entitled Introduction to botany. This was discussed in our Bio 103: Fundamentals in Plant Biology.
Botany an overview
Botany is the study of plants. It includes the study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Some key points covered in the document include:
- Bacteria and fungi have economic importance as both harmful and useful organisms. They are involved in food production and cause diseases.
- Viruses only infect plants and humans, causing diseases. Fungi grow on decaying organic matter and have edible and poisonous forms.
- Algae are important producers and are used as food and in industry. Bryophytes and pteridophytes include mosses and ferns
Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
The Difference Between Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons Biology Lesson PowerPoint
The Difference Between Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons Biology Lesson PowerPointwww.sciencepowerpoint.com
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Taxonomy and Classification unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. A 3800+ slide Five Part PowerPoint presentation becomes the roadmap for an amazing and interactive science experience full of built-in lab activities, built-in quizzes, video links, class notes(red slides),review games, projects, unit notes, answer keys, and much more. Also included is a student version of the unit that is much like the teachers but missing the answer keys, quizzes, PowerPoint review games, hidden box challenges, owl, and surprises meant for the classroom. This is a great resource to distribute to your students and support professionals. The Classification and Taxonomy Unit covers topics associated with Taxonomy and Classification. The unit examines all of the Kingdoms of Life in detail. Areas of Focus within The Taxonomy and Classification Unit: -Taxonomy, Classification, Need for Taxonomy vs. Common Names, What is a Species?, Dichotomous Keys, What does Classification Use?, The Domains of Life, Kingdoms of Life,The 8 Taxonomic Ranks, Humans Taxonomic Classification, Kingdom Monera, Prokaryotic Cells, Types of Eubacteria, Bacteria Classification, Gram Staining,Bacterial Food Borne Illnesses, Penicillin and Antiseptic, Oral Hygiene and Plaque, Bacterial Reproduction (Binary Fission), Asexual Reproduction, Positives and Negatives of Bacteria, Protista, Plant-like Protists, Animal-like Protists, Fungi-like Protists, Animalia, Characteristics of Animalia, Animal Symmetry, Phylums of Animalia (Extensive), Classes of Chordata, Mammals, Subclasses of Mammals, Characteristics of Mammals, Fungi, Positives and Negatives of Fungi, Divisions of Fungi (Extensive), Parts of a Mushroom, 3 Roles of Fungi, Fungi Reproduction, Mold Prevention, Plant Divisions, Kingdom Plantae. If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.comefficency of trophic levels
Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, from producers to various consumers in food chains and webs. This energy transfer is inefficient, with about 90% of energy lost at each trophic level. Various models like pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy are used to quantify and visualize this energy flow. Ecological efficiency describes the efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels, taking into account factors like consumption, assimilation, respiration, egestion, and production rates. While concepts are theoretically straightforward, real-world measurements are challenging and approximations are often used.
Six Kingdoms Notes
The document provides an overview of the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya - and the six kingdoms within them. It describes the key characteristics of each kingdom, including their cell structure, nutrition, reproduction, habitats, and examples. The six kingdoms are Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Kingdom protista[1]
Protists are a diverse kingdom of eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi. They include both single-celled and multicellular organisms, many of which are aquatic. Protists can be categorized as animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like depending on their characteristics and behaviors. Animal-like protists include those that use pseudopods, cilia, or flagella to move and feed, as well as non-motile sporozoans that are often parasitic. Plant-like protists include unicellular algae that perform photosynthesis and release oxygen into the environment, providing an important food source. Fungus-like protists absorb nutrients
Fungi
Fungi can be unicellular yeasts or filamentous hyphae. Most fungi occur as hyphae that can be septate or coenocytic. Fungi are heterotrophs that can be saprophytes, symbionts, or parasites. They reproduce asexually via spores or sexually. Their vegetative phase is generally sedentary. Major fungal phyla include Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota.
Kingdom animalia
Kingdom Animalia consists of multicellular eukaryotes that are heterotrophic. It is divided into vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. Mammals are warm-blooded and feed their young with milk, while birds have feathers and wings. Reptiles have scales and are cold-blooded. Amphibians live in water as larvae but live on land as adults. Invertebrates lack backbones and include groups such as arthropods, mollusks, and worms.
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Lab 5 Origin Of Plants
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Introduction To Plants
Plants have evolved several key adaptations for living on land, including the ability to absorb nutrients from soil, prevent water loss through structures like the cuticle and stomata, and reproduce without water using pollen. Vascular plants have tissues that transport water and developed seeds, flowers, and other structures that make reproduction more efficient. Plants are divided into nonvascular plants like mosses and vascular plants including seedless forms like ferns and seed plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Angiosperms are further divided into monocots and dicots.
Introduction To Plants
Plants have evolved several key adaptations for living on land, including the ability to absorb nutrients from soil, prevent water loss through structures like the cuticle and stomata, and reproduce without water using pollen. Vascular plants have tissues that transport water and developed seeds, flowers, and other structures that make reproduction more efficient. Plants are divided into nonvascular plants like mosses and vascular plants like ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Angiosperms are the most abundant group and are further divided into monocots and dicots.
P L A N T S
The plant kingdom is divided into two main groups: vascular and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants have tissues that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts lack these tissues and rely on cell walls for transport. Seedless plants reproduce via spores and include non-vascular bryophytes as well as vascular horsetails, ferns, and spikemosses. Seed plants have true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues. They reproduce via seeds and are divided into gymnosperms like conifers, which have naked seeds, and angiosperms, which produce flowers and fruits containing seeds. Angiosperms are further divided into monocots and dicots.
Plants.ppt
This document defines and describes various plant vocabulary terms and plant structures. It discusses the key characteristics that define plants, such as being eukaryotic and having cell walls. It also outlines the basic needs of plants to survive, including sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and nutrient/water transport systems. The document further categorizes major plant groups such as nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, and provides examples to illustrate their distinguishing features.
Plants.ppt
This document defines and describes various plant vocabulary terms and plant structures. It discusses the key characteristics that define plants, such as performing photosynthesis and having cell walls. It also outlines the three main plant structures of roots, stems, and leaves. Additionally, it describes the processes of photosynthesis, water and nutrient transport throughout plants via xylem and phloem tissue, plant growth and development, and plant reproduction including the parts of flowers and the process of seed formation.
Plants.pptx
This document defines and describes various plant vocabulary terms and plant structures. It discusses the key characteristics that define plants, such as being eukaryotic and having cell walls. It also outlines the basic needs of plants to survive, including sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and nutrient/water transport systems. The document further categorizes major plant groups such as nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, and compares their characteristics. It also defines and describes important plant organs and tissues like roots, stems, leaves, xylem, phloem, and flowers.
Biology 102
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IB Topic 9 Plants PPT - HL
This document provides an overview of plant classification, beginning with bryophytes like mosses and liverworts which lack true roots, stems, and leaves. It then discusses vascular plants including filicinophytes like ferns which have roots, stems, and fronds. Coniferophytes are described next, such as pines and firs, which reproduce via cones and have needle-like leaves. Finally, it covers angiospermophytes or flowering plants, which occupy all environments and reproduce via flowers and fruits, with some key differences between monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
Classifications of pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce via spores rather than seeds. They include ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes. Pteridophytes have well-differentiated roots, stems, and leaves. They reproduce through spores produced in sporangia. Ferns are the largest group of pteridophytes and can be homosporous or heterosporous.
Introduction to plants 1233859493415311-3
1) Plants evolved adaptations like a waxy cuticle, stomata, and the ability to reproduce using pollen to survive on land.
2) Vascular plants have conducting tissues that transport water and nutrients, as well as seeds and flowers that make reproduction more efficient.
3) Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots based on differences in their leaves, roots, vascular tissue, and floral structures.
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Bryophyte,Cryptogams,Gymno
- 6. Sporangium or capsule Seta or stalk *foot
- 13. Lycopodium (Club moss) strobilus
- 14. Selaginella (Spike Moss) Strobilus?
- 15. Equisetum (Horse Tail)
- 22. Seed Plants
- 25. Division Cycadophyta Cycas revoluta
- 30. Male cone - microstrobilus Seed cone - megastrobilus