Classifications of pteridophytes
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Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce via spores rather than seeds. They include ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes. Pteridophytes have well-differentiated roots, stems, and leaves. They reproduce through spores produced in sporangia. Ferns are the largest group of pteridophytes and can be homosporous or heterosporous.
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Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce via spores. They have a number of shared characteristics including lignified cell walls, tracheary elements, and an independent sporophyte generation. The stele, or central vascular cylinder, of pteridophytes can take several forms. The protostele is the simplest form, with a central xylem core surrounded by phloem. More advanced forms include the siphonostele, with a central pith, and the dictyostele, with overlapping leaf gaps. The eustele features a ring of vascular bundles around the edge of the pith.
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Nonvascular plants lack true roots, stems, and leaves due to the absence of vascular tissue. They are called thallophytes and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They must live in moist environments because they lack internal structures for transporting water and nutrients and generally only grow 1-2 cm tall. Vascular plants have specialized tissues for transport and include both spore-bearing plants like ferns and seed-bearing plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms produce naked seeds enclosed in cones while angiosperms produce seeds enclosed within flowers in an ovary.
Diversity in living organisms by HVJ
This document provides an overview of the five-kingdom classification system used to categorize different types of living organisms, with a focus on the plant kingdom. The key characteristics used to classify organisms are whether their cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, and whether they have cell walls or can perform photosynthesis. Within the plant kingdom, the main subdivisions discussed are thallophyta (algae and fungi), bryophyta (mosses and liverworts), pteridophyta (ferns), gymnosperms (conifers and cycads), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Examples and brief descriptions are provided for each group.
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This document summarizes the major groups within the plant kingdom. It describes:
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2) Vascular plants (tracheophytes) including lycophytes, horsetails, ferns and their allies which were the first to develop tissues allowing them to grow larger.
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Plant classification
The document provides information on plant classification, describing the four main groups that plants are classified into: mosses and liverworts, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants. It then focuses on mosses, providing details on their characteristics, life cycle, and subdivisions. The document also briefly outlines key aspects of ferns, conifers, and the angiosperms.
Plant classification
This document provides an overview of plant classification and describes the main plant groups. It discusses the four main classifications of plants: mosses and liverworts (Bryophyta), ferns (Pteridophyta), conifers (Gymnosperms), and flowering plants (Angiosperms). For each group, it outlines key distinguishing characteristics, examples, and life cycles. It also covers scientific naming conventions and describes several important families of flowering plants.
Lycopodium
Lycopodium is a genus of small herbaceous or shrubby plants classified in the division Lycophyta. The modern representatives are small compared to related plants from the Carboniferous period that grew as large trees. Lycopodium species have small, simple leaves and produce homosporous sporangia. They have a heteromorphic life cycle with a subterranean gametophyte generation. Lycopodium species are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical forests. Some grow as epiphytes in the tropics. Traditional herbal medicine uses certain Lycopodium species.
Presentation2
Tracheophytes, or vascular plants, have specialized tissues called xylem and phloem that allow them to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. They are divided into three classes: ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Ferns have vascular bundles and reproduce via spores, while gymnosperms like conifers and cycads reproduce using naked seeds. Angiosperms, which include flowering plants, have fruits containing seeds and complex vascular tissue.
Pteriduphytes 2
1. Sphenopsida includes the living genus Equisetum and related extinct genera. They attained their maximum development in the Carboniferous period but are now nearly extinct except for Equisetum.
2. Equisetum is characterized by jointed, branched stems with whorls of small scales. It reproduces via spores borne in strobili. Spores germinate to form prothalli that bear archegonia and antheridia.
3. Ophioglossales is an order of ferns that includes the genus Ophioglossum. Ophioglossum has short, erect rhizomes bearing a single leaf. It reproduces via
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The document summarizes several orders of gymnosperms including their examples, characteristics, and taxonomic classification. It describes the Cycadales order which includes cycads that are distributed in tropical and warm regions. It also outlines the Coniferales order which includes conifers with 54 living genera and over 500 species. Additionally, it provides details on the Ginkgoales order containing the single living species Ginkgo biloba, and the Taxales and Ephedrales orders containing various tree, shrub, and liana species. For each order discussed, it highlights key morphological and anatomical features.
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Kingdom Plantae is further classified on the basis of characteristics like absence or presence of seeds, vascular tissues, differentiation of plant body, etc.
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The document summarizes four main plant phyla: Bryophyta (mosses), Pteridophyta (ferns), Gymnosperms (conifers), and Angiosperms (flowering plants). It provides details on the characteristics and life cycles of mosses, ferns, and conifers. Mosses are non-vascular plants that rely on moisture for transport and help prevent erosion. Ferns have vascular tissue but reproduce via spores. Conifers reproduce via naked seeds in cones and have needle-like or scale-like leaves. The document then states it will provide details on important angiosperm families.
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The topic of discussion is Pteridophytes, their general characteristics, sexual reproduction and Life cycle has been discussed along with the four different divisions that are present in Pteridophytes
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This document summarizes the classification of plants into five major groups - Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. It describes the key characteristics of each group, such as their body structure, reproductive processes, and ability to conduct water and nutrients. Examples are provided for each group, like algae for Thallophyta, mosses for Bryophyta, and flowering plants like roses and potatoes for Angiosperms. The Angiosperms group is further divided into monocots and dicots based on the number of cotyledons in their seeds.
Phylum lycophyta (Club mosses, Spike mosses & Quillworts)
The document discusses the phylum Lycophyta. It describes Lycophyta as the oldest living lineage of vascular plants, with three orders: club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts. The dominant generation in Lycophyta is the sporophyte, which reproduces through spores. Club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts each have unique characteristics and life cycles. Lycophytes also have economic and ecological importance.
Diversity in plants
Diversity is recognizing and appreciating the unique characteristics of individuals in a way that promotes achievement for both individuals and groups. Classification of plants depends on whether they have differentiated tissues for transporting water and other substances. Thallophyta include algae, fungi and lichens which may be unicellular or multicellular but lack distinct tissues. Bryophyta like mosses lack vascular tissues. Pteridophyta like ferns have sporophytes that are well developed with roots, stems and leaves. Gymnosperms are seed plants with unconcealed seeds borne in cones. Angiosperms are flowering plants with seeds contained within fruits that develop from ovaries.
Plant kingdom
This document provides information about different kingdoms of plants. It begins by listing the main kingdoms - Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, and Algae. It then focuses on describing Algae in more detail, including their characteristics, reproduction methods, economic importance, and classification into three main classes: Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae. Brief descriptions are also provided for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms.
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This document provides a summary of the flora and fauna found along the Dodder River. It lists 5 types of plants found along the river: Bryophytes, algae, Crocosmia, Japanese knotweed, and Impatiens glandulifera. It also lists 5 types of animals found near the river: mallard, grey heron, dipper, coot, and moorhen. The document then provides 1-2 paragraphs describing each of these types of flora and fauna.
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Classifications of pteridophytes
- 2. A Pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Ferns, horsetails (often treated as ferns), and lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts) are all pteridophytes.
- 4. Psilophyta (whisk fern ) Division : Psilophyta Class 1- Psilophytopsida Class 2- Psilopsida Order- Psilophytaceae Order-Psilotales Family- Rhyniaceae Family-Psilotaceae They are seedless plants. They are rootless plants. Rhizomes exist as underground stems where the sporophyte is anchored. The shoots grow aerially and branch into smaller stems. Rhizomes have hair-like structures called rhizoids which are responsible for the absorption of water and nutrients.
- 5. The vascular system is very simple, primitive and protostelic. The plant is usually leafless, and leaves, if present, are in the appearance of scaly appendages or foliage leaves. The plant grows as a sporophyte. Secondary growth is not present. Rhynia Psilotum
- 6. Division : Class1: Eligulopsida Class 2 : ligulopsida Order: lycopodiales Order : Selaginellales Order : Isoetales Order: lepidodendrales Order : pleuromelales The division Lycophytes includes both living and extinct plants. Well-differentiated plant body with adventitious root, stem, rhizophores and leaves. Leaves are simple and small (microphyllous).A few fossil members had a long leaves . The sporophyte is homosporous or heterosporous.
- 7. They have dichotomously branching stems bearing simple leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the stems at the bases of the leaves. Examples- Selaginella, Lycopodium. Selaginella Lycopodium
- 8. Division : Class1 – Sphenophyllopsida Class 2- Calamopsida Order –Sphenophyllales Order-Calamitales Order-Hyeniales Order- Equisetales The division Sphenophyta (also called Arthrophyta and Calamophyta ) includes most of the genera which are known only for fossils remains . Well-differentiated plant body with roots arising from nodes of the underground rhizome, stem and scaly leaves. Homosporous, sporangia are borne on strobili. Examples- Equisetum. Equisetum
- 9. Division : Class-Eusporangiopsida 2Order : Ophioglossales Class- Protoleptosporangiopsida 1Order : Osmundales Class- Leptosporangiopsida 3Order : Filicales Class-Primoteropsida 2Order : Cladoxylales The Division –Filicophyta is the largest group of vascular cryptogamy. Well-differentiated plant body with roots, stem and leaves. The sporophyte is homosporous or heterosporous. Antherozoids are multiflagellate. Examples- Pteris, Dryopteris, Adiantum Pteris