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Classifications of pteridophytes

Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce via spores rather than seeds. They include ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes. Pteridophytes have well-differentiated roots, stems, and leaves. They reproduce through spores produced in sporangia. Ferns are the largest group of pteridophytes and can be homosporous or heterosporous.

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 A Pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Ferns, horsetails (often treated as ferns), and lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts) are all pteridophytes.
Psilophyta (Whisk fern) Lycophyta (Club mosses) Sphenophyta (horse tail) Pterophyta (fern )
Psilophyta (whisk fern )  Division : Psilophyta Class 1- Psilophytopsida Class 2- Psilopsida Order- Psilophytaceae Order-Psilotales Family- Rhyniaceae Family-Psilotaceae They are seedless plants. They are rootless plants. Rhizomes exist as underground stems where the sporophyte is anchored. The shoots grow aerially and branch into smaller stems. Rhizomes have hair-like structures called rhizoids which are responsible for the absorption of water and nutrients.
 The vascular system is very simple, primitive and protostelic.  The plant is usually leafless, and leaves, if present, are in the appearance of scaly appendages or foliage leaves.  The plant grows as a sporophyte.  Secondary growth is not present. Rhynia Psilotum
 Division : Class1: Eligulopsida Class 2 : ligulopsida Order: lycopodiales Order : Selaginellales Order : Isoetales Order: lepidodendrales Order : pleuromelales  The division Lycophytes includes both living and extinct plants.  Well-differentiated plant body with adventitious root, stem, rhizophores and leaves. Leaves are simple and small (microphyllous).A few fossil members had a long leaves . The sporophyte is homosporous or heterosporous.
 They have dichotomously branching stems bearing simple leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the stems at the bases of the leaves.  Examples- Selaginella, Lycopodium. Selaginella Lycopodium
 Division : Class1 – Sphenophyllopsida Class 2- Calamopsida Order –Sphenophyllales Order-Calamitales Order-Hyeniales Order- Equisetales The division Sphenophyta (also called Arthrophyta and Calamophyta ) includes most of the genera which are known only for fossils remains . Well-differentiated plant body with roots arising from nodes of the underground rhizome, stem and scaly leaves. Homosporous, sporangia are borne on strobili. Examples- Equisetum. Equisetum
 Division : Class-Eusporangiopsida 2Order : Ophioglossales Class- Protoleptosporangiopsida 1Order : Osmundales Class- Leptosporangiopsida 3Order : Filicales Class-Primoteropsida 2Order : Cladoxylales The Division –Filicophyta is the largest group of vascular cryptogamy. Well-differentiated plant body with roots, stem and leaves. The sporophyte is homosporous or heterosporous. Antherozoids are multiflagellate. Examples- Pteris, Dryopteris, Adiantum Pteris
Classifications of pteridophytes