Proyek Akhir Semester ICT (Ujian Sertifikasi)

2. A.BRYOPHYTA Characteristics of Moss
(MOSS) Classification of Mosses
*Class Bryopsida
*Class Hepaticopsida
*Class Anthoceropsida
Role of Moss
*Can degade rock structure into soil
*Can keep water reserve and prevent flood in
the forest ecosystem
*Can be used as fuel
*Can pevent soil erosion and drought at the dry
season
*Can be used as material of medicine

3. CHARACTERISTIC OF MOSS
Moss does not have true body organ. That plant only has organs like root, stem and leaf, so
that it is called thallus plant. For example, rhizoid is the organ similar to simple root of moss.

4. CLASS BRYOPSIDA
Musci ( Class Bryopsida) has pseudo-stem, which lenght is less than 3 cm. Its leaf blade is thin and
composed spirally. The example of musci are :
1. Shagnum fimbriatum
2. Aerobryopsis longissima
3. Pogonatum cirrhatum
4. Mniodendron divaricatum
SPHAGNUM FIMBRIATUM

5. CLASS HEPATICOPSIDA
Liverworts (Class Hepaticopsida) have lobus-shaped. The rhizoid is located on the bottom surface of the lobus.
The examples of liverworths are:
1. Marchantia polymorpha
2. Riccia frostii
3. Ricciocarpus
MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA

6. CLASS ANTOCEROPTIDA
Hornworts have alike structure with liverworts. Nevertheless, the main characteristic of hornworts is having a
horn-like structure, which grows outside the gametophyte. That moss lives on the side of river, lake, or
channel. The example of hornworts is Anthoceros sporophytes.
ANTHOCEROS SPOROPHYTES

7. B.PTERIDOPHYTA
(FERN)
 Characteristic of Fern
 Classification of Fern
*Division Psilotopyta
*Division Lycopodophyta
*Division Equisetophyta
*Division Pterophyta
 Role of Ferns
* The fossil of primitive ferns is the main material
of coal formation
*As raw material for medicine
*As food source
*As green manure
*As ornamental plants

8. CHARACTERISTIC OF FERN
Generally, fern stems are creeping underground. On the rhizome of fern, it usually grows a
group of root and leaf. Root has a function to absorb water and mineral and attach the body to
the subsrate. Ferns root are fibrous root and the leaves are compound leaves. The primordium
leaf usually rolled.

9. DIVISION PSILOTOPHYTA
Psilotophyta is the oldest ferns, which still has primitive structure. Its body has no true leaf and root.
Psilotophyta only has rhizome with rhizoid, for example:
PSILOTUM

10. DIVISION LYCOPODOPHYTA
Lycopodophyta already has true leaf and root. The leaf structure, which function as reproduction organ (spore
producing organ), is called sporophyll. Two members of Lycopodophyta that is well recognized are :
1. Lycopodium
2. Selaginella
LYCOPODIUM AND SELAGINELLA

11. DIVISION EQUISETOPHYTA
Mostly, the body of Equisetophyta is approximately less than 1 meter and has true root, stem and leaf.
Equisetophyta is the transition between homosporous and heterosporous ferns. It means, spore has similar
sizes and shape, but can be distinguished between male and female. The example of Equisetophyta is:
EQUISETUM

12. DIVISION PTEROPHYTA
Pterophyta has true root, stem and leaf. In tropical region, stem of this fern usually emerges above ground
as trunk or mast. In the temperate zone, stem is usually underground, so that its dominant appearance is a
thin and large leaf. The example of Pterophyta are:
1. Adiantum
2. Asplenium nidus
3. Marsilea creanata
ASPLENIUM NIDUS

13. C.SPERMATOPHYTA  Characteristic of Spermatophyta
(SEED PLANT)
 Classification of Spermatophyta
A.Gymnospermae
*Division Cycadophyta
*Division Ginkgophyta
*Division Pinophyta
*Division Gnetophyta
B.Angiospermae
 Role of Spermatophyta
*As food material
*As material of building and construction
*As substance for spices and medicine
*As decorative plant
*As material for industries

14. CHARACTERISTIC OF SPERMATOPHYTA
One of the main characteristic of Spermatophyta is producing seed., it usually found embryo
and food storage. Embryo is covered by seed coat, so that it is resistant against unfavorable
environment.
In the life cycle of Spermatophyta, there are sporophyte and gamethopyte generations. The
spermatophyta that we see is the sporophyte generation, whereas the gametophyte generation
has been reduce.

15. A. GYMNOSPERMAE
Based on fossil records, gymnosperm was firstly found at the end of Devon period
approximately 350 million years ago. Its body already has true root, stem and leaf, which is
equipped with vacular tissue is open collateral type. Its appearance is alike with shrubs or
trees.

16. DIVISION CYCADOPHYTA
Cycadophyta is predicted emerged from the development of Pteridophyta. Cycadophyta has large leaf like the
leaf of palmae, for example:
1. Cycas rumpii
2. Zamia floridiana
3. Dioon edule
ZAMIA FLORIDIANA

17. DIVISION GINKGOPHYTA
Most of Ginkgophyta has been extinct. One of the species that remains is Ginkgo biloba. The plant has leaf
stalk, which is composed as fan.
GINKGO BILOBA

18. DIVISION PINOPHYTA
Pinophyta has leaf in thorny-shaped and evergreen throughout the year. A group of this plant is gymnosperm,
which can be found today, for example:
1. Taxus baccata
2. Agathis alba
3. Araucaria cunninghamii
TAXUS BACCATA

19. DIVISION GNETOPHYTA
Generally. The member of Gnetophyta is tress, which have many branches, simple leaf and compound flowers.
For examples are:
1. Ephedra altissima
2. Gnetum gnemon
GNETUM GNEMON

20. b. ANGIOSPERMAE
Angiosperm has highly developed and becomes the dominant plant at Kenozoikum era until today.
Reproduction structure of Angiospermae differs from gymnosperm. On angiosperm, the reproducytion
structure has already completed by periantheum. The ovule is enclosed within a carpel, which will lead to a
fruit.

21. NAME : MONIKA SIHALOHO
SCHOOL : SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 BOGOR