1. Groups, Phyla
, Classes

2. 1 Kingdom
 2 Groups
 10 Phyla
 290,000+ Species

3. Group
Nonvascular Plants
(Bryophytes)
Phylum Common Name Estimated # of
Species
1. Phylum Liverworts 9,000
Hepatophyta
2. Phylum Hornworts 100
Anthocerophyta
3. Phylum Mosses 15,000
Bryophyta

4. Group
Vascular Plants:
*Seedless Vascular Plants
Phylum Common Name Estimated # of
Species
4. Phylum Lycophytes 1,200
lycophyta
5. Phylum Pterophytes 12,000
pterophyta

5. Vascular Plants
*Seed Plants
-Gymnosperms (seeds are
not enclosed in a chamber)
Phylum Common Name Estimated # of
Species
6. Phylum Ginkgo 1
Ginkgophyta
7. Phylum Cycads 130
Cycadophyta
8. Phylum Gnetophytes 75
Gnetophyta
9. Phylum Conifers 600
Coniferophyta

6. Vascular Plants
*Seed Plants
-Angiosperms (seeds are
contained)
Phylum Common Name Estimated # of
Species
10. Phylum Flowering plants 250,000
Anthophyta

7. Group: Novascular Plants
No water-conducting cells
(xylem).

8. 1. Phylum Hepatophyta
 Some liverworts have flattened
gametophytes while others have
stemlike gametophytes.
 The gametophytes themselves are
liver-shaped.

9. 2. Phylum Anthocerophyta
 The sporophytes have a long, tapered
shape.
 A hornwort sporophyte lacks seta and
consists only of sporangium.
 Hornworts are often among the first to
colonize open area with moist soils.
 They share a symbiotic relationship with
nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

10. 3. Phylum Bryophyta
 Bryophyta are nonvascular embryophytes
that have no water-conducting tissues.
 Known as mosses, these organisms range
in height from less than 1 mm to up to 2 m.
 Persistent unbranched sporophytes
 No vascular system

11. Vascular Plants
Xylem tissue, true roots, stems &
leaves.

12. 4. Phylum Lycophyta
 Many lycophytes grow on other plants as
epiphytes (plants that use other plants as
a substrate but are not parasites).
 Other species grow on forest floors.
 Others live below ground, gaining
nutrients from fungi.
 It includes sporophytes, club mosses, spike
mosses, and quillworts.

13. 5. Phylum Pterophyta
 Thisphylum includes ferns, horsetails, and
whisk ferns and relatives.
 Ferns radiated from their Devonian origins
and grew next to tree lycophytes and
horsetails.
 They are most diverse in the tropics, but
there are some species that have
adapted to arid climates.

14. 6. Phylum Ginkgophyta
 There is only one surviving species of
this phylum, the Ginkgo biloba.
 This phylum, and species, has
deciduous fanlike leaves that turn
gold in the Fall.
 It tolerates air pollution well.

15. 7. Phylum Cycadophyta
 The second largest group of
gymnosperms, they have large
cones and palmlike leaves.
 Cycads thrived during the Mesozoic
era, known as the age of cycads
and the age of dinosaurs.

16. 8. Phylum Gnetophyta
 Have woody vascular system
 Consists of three genera: Gnetum,
Ephedra, and Welwitschia.
 These have been grouped together
based on molecular data.

17. 9. Phylum Coniferophyta
 Thisphylum is by far the largest of the
gymnosperms.
 Many are large trees.
 Most conifers are evergreens, remaining
green all year round.
 When spring comes around, conifers
already have fully developed leaves.

18. 9. Phylum Anthophyta
Thisencompasses all
angiosperms (flowering plants).
The flower itself is a
development used for sexual
reproduction.
Use fruit to encompass seeds.