The document outlines 10 major groups of plants classified by their phyla. It describes the key characteristics of each phylum including their common names, estimated number of species, distinguishing physical attributes, and some additional details. The phyla cover major kingdoms of plants such as nonvascular plants (Bryophytes), seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

1. Groups, Phyla
, Classes

2. 1 Kingdom
 2 Groups
 10 Phyla
 290,000+ Species

3. Group
Nonvascular Plants
(Bryophytes)
Phylum Common Name Estimated # of
Species
1. Phylum Liverworts 9,000
Hepatophyta
2. Phylum Hornworts 100
Anthocerophyta
3. Phylum Mosses 15,000
Bryophyta

4. Group
Vascular Plants:
*Seedless Vascular Plants
Phylum Common Name Estimated # of
Species
4. Phylum Lycophytes 1,200
lycophyta
5. Phylum Pterophytes 12,000
pterophyta

5. Vascular Plants
*Seed Plants
-Gymnosperms (seeds are
not enclosed in a chamber)
Phylum Common Name Estimated # of
Species
6. Phylum Ginkgo 1
Ginkgophyta
7. Phylum Cycads 130
Cycadophyta
8. Phylum Gnetophytes 75
Gnetophyta
9. Phylum Conifers 600
Coniferophyta

6. Vascular Plants
*Seed Plants
-Angiosperms (seeds are
contained)
Phylum Common Name Estimated # of
Species
10. Phylum Flowering plants 250,000
Anthophyta

7. Group: Novascular Plants
No water-conducting cells
(xylem).

8. 1. Phylum Hepatophyta
 Some liverworts have flattened
gametophytes while others have
stemlike gametophytes.
 The gametophytes themselves are
liver-shaped.

9. 2. Phylum Anthocerophyta
 The sporophytes have a long, tapered
shape.
 A hornwort sporophyte lacks seta and
consists only of sporangium.
 Hornworts are often among the first to
colonize open area with moist soils.
 They share a symbiotic relationship with
nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

10. 3. Phylum Bryophyta
 Bryophyta are nonvascular embryophytes
that have no water-conducting tissues.
 Known as mosses, these organisms range
in height from less than 1 mm to up to 2 m.
 Persistent unbranched sporophytes
 No vascular system

11. Vascular Plants
Xylem tissue, true roots, stems &
leaves.

12. 4. Phylum Lycophyta
 Many lycophytes grow on other plants as
epiphytes (plants that use other plants as
a substrate but are not parasites).
 Other species grow on forest floors.
 Others live below ground, gaining
nutrients from fungi.
 It includes sporophytes, club mosses, spike
mosses, and quillworts.

13. 5. Phylum Pterophyta
 Thisphylum includes ferns, horsetails, and
whisk ferns and relatives.
 Ferns radiated from their Devonian origins
and grew next to tree lycophytes and
horsetails.
 They are most diverse in the tropics, but
there are some species that have
adapted to arid climates.

14. 6. Phylum Ginkgophyta
 There is only one surviving species of
this phylum, the Ginkgo biloba.
 This phylum, and species, has
deciduous fanlike leaves that turn
gold in the Fall.
 It tolerates air pollution well.

15. 7. Phylum Cycadophyta
 The second largest group of
gymnosperms, they have large
cones and palmlike leaves.
 Cycads thrived during the Mesozoic
era, known as the age of cycads
and the age of dinosaurs.

16. 8. Phylum Gnetophyta
 Have woody vascular system
 Consists of three genera: Gnetum,
Ephedra, and Welwitschia.
 These have been grouped together
based on molecular data.

17. 9. Phylum Coniferophyta
 Thisphylum is by far the largest of the
gymnosperms.
 Many are large trees.
 Most conifers are evergreens, remaining
green all year round.
 When spring comes around, conifers
already have fully developed leaves.

18. 9. Phylum Anthophyta
Thisencompasses all
angiosperms (flowering plants).
The flower itself is a
development used for sexual
reproduction.
Use fruit to encompass seeds.