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1. Alpha Taxonomy 
- Classical Taxonomy 
- Descriptive 
Taxonomy 
2. Beta Taxonomy 
3. Gamma Taxonomy 
- Phytogenetic 
classification (phyletic) 
- Neo Taxonomy 
- Point diversity B(Aiolspyhsat)e =m watiitch in 
community diversity 
Between community diversity 
(Beta) 
Total diversity (Gamma) = Area,
Artificial / mechanism classification 
Conventional classificati•oNnatural classification 
• Phylogenetic classification
 Primitive 
 Flower parts many, 
more than ten 
 Flower parts free (not 
united or fused) 
 Superior ovary 
 Flowers with radial 
symmetry 
 Advanced 
◦ Flower parts few, 
ten or less 
◦ Flower parts united 
or fused 
◦ Inferior ovary 
◦ Flowers with 
bilateral symmetry
Super 
Section 
Variety 
Cultivar
ANITA stands 
for Amborella, Nymphaeales and Illiciales, Trime 
niaceae-Austrobaileya.
Memecylon 
umbellatum 
(Ironwood) 
Evening Primrose 
Melastoma malabathricum
ACACIA ARABICA 
(LAM.) WILLD.
Leaves with palmate venation 
Stamen numerous
Durio zibethinus
unisexual flowers with a 
single perianth
Vateria indica 
Hopea odorata 
Dipterocarpus sublamellatus
the production 
of glucosinolate 
(mustard oil) 
toco pmlapnotu dnedfse.nse 
against pests and 
diseases, but also 
enjoyed in small 
amounts by humans 
and are believed to 
contribute to the 
health promoting 
properties 
of cruciferous 
vegetables.
Cleomaceae may be included 
in Brassicaceae.
Often included in Brassicaceae, because both groups 
produce glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds.
flowers surrounded by 
an involucre of large 
white petal-like bracts
Family Balsaminaceae Family Ebenaceae 
Spur
Family Sapotaceae Family Theaceae
Boraginaceae was initially classified as Lamiales 
because they shared ovaries with four deeply divided 
partitions
leaves opposite, joined by a 
line across the stem, 
(stipules +)
opposite leaves and paired follicles
Interpetiolar stipule
•superior ovary composed of 
two fused carpels 
•five petals fused into a tube 
•bilaterally symmetrical, 
often bilabiate corollas 
•four (or fewer) 
fertile stamens
The flowers are usually 
arranged in 
inflorescences, and the 
mature seeds 
lack endosperm.
Sagittaria cuneata, arrowhead. This is an example of 
a species with unisexual flowers, male on the left 
and female on the right. 
Alisma triviale water 
plantain, 3 green sepals, 3 
yellow and white petals, 6 
stamens, and several 
pistils.
underground tuberous root
colourful tepals and 
without starch in 
their endosperm
The largely 
herbaceous monocots 
Arenga australasica
Fimbristylis thomsonii
Spiderwort
Plant classification

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Plant classification

Editor's Notes

  1.  อินทนิลน้ำ  [Lagerstroemia speciosa  (Linn.) Pers.] เปลือกลำต้นสีเทาหรือน้ำตาลอ่อน ค่อนข้างเรียบ อาจจะตกสะเก็ดเป็นแผ่นบาง ๆ บ้างเล็กน้อย ใบเกลี้ยงปลายใบเรียวแหลม ผลิใบอ่อนเต็มต้นพร้อมช่อดอก สังเกตได้ง่ายที่ตำแหน่งช่อดอกเป็นพุ่มทรงเจดีย์ชูตั้งขึ้นเหนือเรือนยอดโดยรอบขนาดของดอกบานกว้าง ๕-๘ เซนติเมตร ออกชิดกันเป็นกลุ่ม สีม่วงสด ม่วงอมชมพูจนถึงชมพู และสีจะซีดจางลงเล็กน้อยเมื่อดอกโรย ผลมีผิวขรุขระ สีคล้ายเนื้อไม้ ออกดอกช่วงฤดูร้อน (มีนาคม-พฤษภาคม)           อินทนิลบก  (L. macrocarpa  Wall. ex Kurz) ลักษณะคล้ายอินทนิลน้ำมาก แต่ใบ ดอก และผลมีขนาดใหญ่กว่า ใบป้อมและกว้างกว่าใบอินทนิลน้ำ ปลายใบมนกว้างหรือแหลมเป็นติ่งสั้น ๆ ดอกออกเป็นช่อที่ปลายกิ่ง ช่อดอกไม่ชูตั้งขึ้นเหนือเรือนยอด ขนาดของดอกบานกว้าง ๑๐-๑๓ เซนติเมตร แต่ละดอกจะชิดกันเป็นกลุ่ม ดอกสีม่วงอมชมพู และสีจะจางซีดลงเป็นสีขาวอมชมพู ออกดอกช่วงฤดูร้อน มีชื่ออื่น ๆ ว่า กาเสลา, จ้อล่อ, จะล่อ           เสลา (L. loudonii  Teysm. et Binn.) เปลือกลำต้นสีน้ำตาลดำหรือสีคล้ำ แตกเป็นร่องตื้น ๆ ตามยาว ปลายกิ่งย้อยลู่ลงสู่พื้น ใบมีขนปกคลุมประปราย ช่อดอกออกตามกิ่ง ตามง่ามใบและปลายกิ่ง แต่ช่อไม่ชูตั้งขึ้นเมื่อดอกในช่อบานจะชิดกัน ดอกสีชมพูอมม่วง ออกดอกช่วงฤดูร้อน ผลผิวเรียบเป็นมันสีน้ำตาลไหม้ มีชื่ออื่น ๆ ว่า เสลาใบใหญ่, อินทรชิต           ตะแบก (L. floribunda  Jack) เปลือกลำต้นสีเทา เรียบ ลื่น เป็นมัน มักมีรอยแผลเป็นหลุมตื้น คล้ายเปลือกต้นฝรั่ง ใบอ่อนมีขนปกคลุม ใบแก่เกลี้ยง ช่อดอกออกตามปลายกิ่งโค้งชูเหนือเรือนยอด มีดอกจำนวนมาก ดอกขนาดเล็ก บานเต็มที่กว้าง ๔-๕ เซนติเมตร ดอกในช่อเรียงกันห่าง ๆ ทำให้ช่อดอกโปร่ง ดอกสีม่วงอมชมพู และสีจะจางซีดลงเกือบเป็นสีขาวเมื่อดอกโรย ผลผิวเรียบเป็นมันสีน้ำตาลเข้ม มีขนปกคลุมบาง ๆ ที่ส่วนปลาย ออกดอกในช่วงฤดูฝน (มิถุนายน-กันยายน)
  2. Sterculia foetida, skunk tree. These are unisexual flowers with a single perianth whorl constituting a valvate calyx.
  3. วงศ์เทียนเกล็ดหอยหรือ Plantaginaceae