Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
Angiosperms are the flowering plants also known as Magnoliophyta. The botanical term "Angiosperm" meaning ‘bottle or vessel’ is derived from the ancient Greek. These are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants and the distinguished features of angiosperms over gymnosperms are angiosperms bear flowers, endosperm within the seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seed. According to the botanists the flowering plants diversified and widespread 120 million years ago. The classification of the flowering plants also has a long history.
In the past, classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group resulting large number of systems. Different systems and their updates were generally favored in different countries. Bentham and Hooker’s system was popular in the Britain and the Engler’s system was famous in the Europe etc. These systems were introduced before the availability of genetic evidences and angiosperms were classified using their morphology and biochemistry. After the 1980’s genetic evidences were available and phylogenetic methods came into the classification procedures.
In the late 1990s, an informal group of researchers from major institutions worldwide came together and they established the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). The objective was to provide a widely accepted and more stable point of reference for angiosperm classification. APG I was published in 1998 as their first attempt in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The initial 1998 paper by the APG made angiosperms the first large group of organisms to be systematically re-classified primarily on the basis of genetic characteristics. The group emphasized the need for a classification system for angiosperms at the level of families, orders and above. The existed systems are rejected is because they are not phylogenetically classified. The outline of a phylogenetic tree of all flowering plants became established and several well supported major clades involving many families of flowering plants were identified. The new knowledge of phylogeny revealed relationships in conflict with the then widely used modern classifications.
The principles of APG system are retaining the Linnean system of orders and families, Use of monophyletic groups (Consist of all descendants of a common ancestor), taking a broad approach to defining the limits of groups such as orders and families and use of term ‘clades’ above or parallel to the level of orders and families. A major outcome of the classification is the disappearance of the traditional division of the flowering plants into two groups, which are monocots and dicots.
Even though there are several controversies about APG the botanists worldwide are influenced by the concept and are currently practice the system.
Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
Angiosperms are the flowering plants also known as Magnoliophyta. The botanical term "Angiosperm" meaning ‘bottle or vessel’ is derived from the ancient Greek. These are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants and the distinguished features of angiosperms over gymnosperms are angiosperms bear flowers, endosperm within the seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seed. According to the botanists the flowering plants diversified and widespread 120 million years ago. The classification of the flowering plants also has a long history.
In the past, classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group resulting large number of systems. Different systems and their updates were generally favored in different countries. Bentham and Hooker’s system was popular in the Britain and the Engler’s system was famous in the Europe etc. These systems were introduced before the availability of genetic evidences and angiosperms were classified using their morphology and biochemistry. After the 1980’s genetic evidences were available and phylogenetic methods came into the classification procedures.
In the late 1990s, an informal group of researchers from major institutions worldwide came together and they established the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). The objective was to provide a widely accepted and more stable point of reference for angiosperm classification. APG I was published in 1998 as their first attempt in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The initial 1998 paper by the APG made angiosperms the first large group of organisms to be systematically re-classified primarily on the basis of genetic characteristics. The group emphasized the need for a classification system for angiosperms at the level of families, orders and above. The existed systems are rejected is because they are not phylogenetically classified. The outline of a phylogenetic tree of all flowering plants became established and several well supported major clades involving many families of flowering plants were identified. The new knowledge of phylogeny revealed relationships in conflict with the then widely used modern classifications.
The principles of APG system are retaining the Linnean system of orders and families, Use of monophyletic groups (Consist of all descendants of a common ancestor), taking a broad approach to defining the limits of groups such as orders and families and use of term ‘clades’ above or parallel to the level of orders and families. A major outcome of the classification is the disappearance of the traditional division of the flowering plants into two groups, which are monocots and dicots.
Even though there are several controversies about APG the botanists worldwide are influenced by the concept and are currently practice the system.
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to their environment, and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Key Characters of some major Angiosperm FamiliesYOGITASHARMA92
Angiosperms form the major group of plant kingdom with a plethora of plant species. This slideshow contains key and exceptional characters of major Angiosperm families.
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to their environment, and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Key Characters of some major Angiosperm FamiliesYOGITASHARMA92
Angiosperms form the major group of plant kingdom with a plethora of plant species. This slideshow contains key and exceptional characters of major Angiosperm families.
Plants Life Cycles Biology Lesson PowerPoint, Annuals, Biennials, Perenialsswww.sciencepowerpoint.com
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Taxonomy and Classification unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. Teaching Duration = 7 Weeks. A 2700 slide PowerPoint presentation becomes the roadmap for an amazing science experience. Complete with bundled homework package, hands-on activities built into the slideshow with directions, many built-in quizzes, answer keys, unit. Areas of Focus in The Plant Unit: Plant photo tour, Plant Evolution, Importance of Algae, Lichens, The Three Types of Lichens, Non-Vascular Plants, Bryophytes,Seedless Vascular Plants (Ferns), Seeds, Seed Dormancy, Factors that Break Seed Dormancy, Germination, Parts of a Young Plant, Monocots and Dicots, Roots and Water, Types of Roots, Water Uptake and Photosynthesis, Plant Hormones, Types of Plant Tissues, Xylem and Phloem, Woody Plants, Leaves,Light and Plants, Transpiration, Guard Cells, Leaf Identification, Plant Life Cycles, Seed Plant Life Cycles, Parts of a Flower, Matured Ovaries (Fruits), Types of Fruit and much more. f you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
2. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS
INTO GROUPS
Plants can be classified into several groups. Plants can
be grouped according to the structure of their roots,
stem, leaves, flower & seeds. Plants are classified in
two major groups : non-vascular & vascular plants.
3. DESCRIPTION OF NON-VASCULAR &
VASCULAR PLANTS
•Lacks vascular tissues.
NON- •Does not have vascular bundles for
VASCULARPLANTS transporting food &water.
•They are called bryophytes.
•Have vascular tissues.
•Does have vascular bundles for
VASCULAR PLANTS conducting food &water.
•They are called tracheophytes.
4. Non-vascular plants have 3 kinds.
They are mosses, liverworts,&
hornworts.
mosses liverworts hornworts
5. DESCRIPTION OF MOSSES, LIVERWORTS
& HORNWORTS
Mosses are Liverworts are so Hornworts have a
bryophytes that called because their simple &
grow alone on the thallus looks like the undifferentiated
ground. They are liver’s lobes. Unlike thallus & a complex
erect w/ short leafy mosses, liverworts spore-bearing
stems & are lie horizontally on structure.
anchored to the the ground.
ground by rhizoids.
6. Vascular plants have 2 kinds. They are
spore-bearing & seed-bearing plants.
spore-bearing plants seed-bearing plants
7. DESCRIPTION OF SEED-BEARING &
SPORE-BEARING
• It constitutes the other group of
Seed-bearing tracheophytes. About 95% of
tracheophytes are seed-bearing.
plants
• Their reproductive structures
Spore-bearing are called spores located in
specialized structures called
plants sporangia.
8. Seed-bearing plants are divided into two
distinct groups of tracheophytes, the
gymnosperms & the angiosperms.
SEED-
BEARING
GYNOSPERMS ANGIOSPERMS
9. DESCRIPTION OF GYMNOSPERMS
• They produce naked seeds.
• Their seeds are not enclosed in a ovary.
• Their seeds are enclosed in woody
structures called cones or strobili.
• They are called conifers because they
GYMNOSPERMS produce cones.
• In most gymnosperm, there is a dominant
main stem w/ conspicuously smaller
branches.
• Their leaves are covered with thick layer
of cuticle.
11. DESCRIPTION OF ANGIOSPERMS
• Angiosperm are the flowering plants.
• They produce seeds that are enclosed in a
ovary.
• Fruit trees, bushes & vegetables belong to
ANGIOSPERMS this group.
13. Angiosperms are divided into two
subclasses – the dicotyledons &
monocotyledons.
ANGIOSPERM
DICOT MONOCOT
14. The table summarizes the difference between
monocot & dicot.
Bases of Comparison Monocot Dicot
1. Arrangement of veins in the Parallel Netted
leaves
2. No. of seed leaf in the seeds 1 2
3. Presence of cambium tissue Absent Present
4. Stem growth No secondary growth With secondary
growth
5. Flower parts In 2’s or 3’s or multiples of In 4’s or 5’s or
these numbers multiples of these
numbers
6. Root system Fibrous Taproot
7. Examples Coconut, grass, rice, corn, Gumamela, guava,
orchid, banana and rose, santan, ipil-ipil,
bamboo San Francisco and
15. THE FLOWCHART SUMMARIZES THE
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS
PLANTS
NON-VASCULAR PLANTS VASCULAR PLANTS
MOSSES HORNWORTS SEED-BEARING PLANTS SPORE-BEARING PLANTS
LIVERWORTS
DICOT MONOCOT
16. THE OTHER WAY OF GROUPING SEED
PLANTS IS ACCORDING TO THE LENGTH OF THEIR GROWING
SEASONS
PLANTS
ANNUALS BIENNIALS
PERENNIALS
17. DESCRIPTION OF ANNUALS
ANNUALS
These are plants that grow and produce flowers,
fruits and seeds in one season and then die.
Most vegetable crops are annuals
19. DESCRIPTION OF BIENNIALS
BIENNIALS
These are plants that take two years to
complete their cycle. The plants grow and
develop in a year’s time.
For its 2nd year, they produce flowers, fruits and
seeds and afterwards die.
21. DESCRIPTION OF PERENNIALS
PERENNIALS
These plants lived for more than 2 years. Their
life cycle – growth of flower, fruit and seed
bearing activities continuously goes on.
Most of trees and many grasses belong to this
group.