Eudicots asterids fs2013.pptx

Eudicots asterids fs2013.pptx

• 1.
  10/14/13   Diversity AndClassification of Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Asterids Michael G. Simpson Asterids Ovules unitegmic, tenuinucellate •  Very large, diverse group •  10 orders, many families •  Putative apomorphies: –  iridoid compounds –  sympetalous corolla –  ovules: unitegmic (one integument), tenuinucellate (megasporangium 1-cell thick) 1  
• 2.
  10/14/13   ASTERIDS CORNALES Cornaceae Curtissiaceae Grubbiaceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrostachyaceae Loasaceae ERICALES Actinidiaceae Balsaminaceae Clethraceae Cyrillaceae Diapensiaceae Ebenaceae EUASTERIDS I GENTIANALES Apocynaceae Gelsmiaceae Gentianaceae Loganiaceae Rubiaceae LAMIALES Acanthaceae Bignoniaceae Byblidaceae Calceolariaceae Carlemanniaceae Gesneriaceae Lamiaceae Lentibulariaceae Martyniaceae   Oleaceae Orobanchaceae Paulowniaceae Pedaliaceae Phyrmaceae Plantaginaceae Schlegeliaceae Scrophulariaceae Stilbaceae Tetrachondraceae Verbenaceae SOLANALES Convolvulaceae Hydroleaceae Montiniaceae Solanaceae Sphenocleaceae Ericaceae Fouquieriaceae Lecythidaceae Maesaceae Marcgraviaceae Myrsinaceae Pentaphylacaceae Polemoniaceae Primulaceae Roridulaceae Sapotaceae Sarraceniaceae Styracaceae Symplocaceae Tetrameristaceae Theaceae Theophrastaceae EUASTERIDS II Bruniaceae Columelliaceae Eremosynaceae Escalloniaceae Paracryphiaceae Polyosmaceae Sphenostemonaceae Tribelaceae APIALES Apiaceae Araliaceae Aralidiaceae Griseliniaceae Mackinlayaceae Melanophyllaceae Myodocarpaceae Pennantiaceae Pittosporaceae Torricelliaceae AQUIFOLIALES Aquifoliaceae Cardiopteridaceae Helwingiaceae Phyllonmaceae Stemonuraceae ASTERALES Alseuosmiaceae Argophyllaceae Asteraceae Calyceraceae Campanulaceae Goodeniaceae   EUASTERIDS I Boraginaceae Cordiaceae* Ehretiaceae* Heliotropaceae* Hydrophyllaceae* Lennoaceae* Icacinaceae Oncothecaceae Vahliaceae GARRYALES Eucommiaceae Garryaceae Menyanthaceae Pentaphragmataceae Phellinaceae Rousseaceae Stylidiaceae DIPSACALES Adoxaceae Caprifoliaceae* Diervillaceae* Dipsacaceae* Linnaeaceae* Morinaceae* Valerianaceae* 2  
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  10/14/13   Apocynaceae, s.l.- Dogbane/Milkweed family (Greek for "away from dog," in reference to past use of some taxa as a dog poison). 411 genera / 4,650 species. The Apocynaceae, s.l. •  5-merous perianth/androecium, •  the gynoecium usually with 2 carpels, •  ovaries distinct in some taxa with styles connate (in Asclepiadoids androecium adnate to single stigma forming a gynostegium and pollen fused to form pollinia, each half derived from an adjacent anther), K (5) C (5) A 5 or (5) G (2) [(-8)], superior, rarely halfinferior. 3  
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  10/14/13   •  •  •  •  APOCYNACEAE Allamanda “yellowbell” Plumeria “kalachuchi” Nerium oleander “adelfa” Thevetia “false yellow bell” retinaculum 4  
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  10/14/13   pollinium Rubiaceae —Coffee family (after rubia, name used by Pliny for madder) 630 genera / 10,200 species. Leaves simple, entire, usually decussate leaves connate stipules, the stipules often with mucilagesecreting colleters 2 ovaries, 2 styles, 1 stigma usually a cyme, Flowers bisexual, the perianth dichlamydeous, perianth and androecium often 4 –5-merous (calyx absent in some), ovary usually inferior ovules with a funicular obturator, K (4-5) [0] C (4-5) [(3,8-10)] A 4-5 [3,8-10] G (2) [(3-5+)], usually inferior, rarely superior. 5  
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  10/14/13   Rubiaceae —Coffee family (after rubia, name used by Pliny for madder) 630 genera / 10,200 species. worldwide distribution, more concentrated in tropical regions. Cinchona, the source of quinine used to treat malaria, Coffea arabica and other species, the source of coffee, Pausinystalia johimbe, the source of the sexual stimulant yohimbine, some timber trees, fruiting plants, dye plants (such as Rubia, madder), and ornamental cultivars (e.g., Pentas, among others). 6  
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  10/14/13   Lamiaceae (=Labiatae)- Mint family (Lamium, gullet, after the shape of the corolla tube or old Latin name used by Pliny). 251 genera / 6,700 species. often aromatic with ethereal oils with usually 4-sided stems, opposite [or whorled] leaves verticillaster or thyrse inflorescence [flowers solitary and axillary in some], and zygomorphic [rarely actinomorphic], usually bilabiate flowers deeply 4-lobed ovary (by formation of false septa) and gynobasic style K (5) C (5) [(4)] A 4 or 2 [+2 staminodes] G (2), superior, hypanthium absent. Mentha, mint; Ocimum, basil; Rosmarinus, rosemary; Salvia, sage; Thymus, thyme Leaves opposite; stems 4-sided 7  
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  10/14/13   Inflorescence athyrse or verticillaster (usu.) Flowers zygomorphic; corolla sympetalous, bilabiate Fruit a schizocarp of nutlets carpels 2; style gynobasic 8  
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  10/14/13   Ocimum basilicumBASIL Rosmarinus officinalis ROSEMARY Salvia apiana WHITE SAGE enantiostylous flowers 9  
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  10/14/13   Solanaceae -Nightshade family (Latin for sleeping or comforter, after narcotic properties of some). 94 genera / 2,950 species. internal phloem, spiral leaves usually actinomorphic, 5-merous perianth and androecium (corolla plicate in bud), usually bicarpellate, syncarpous gynoecium, and usually numerous ovules per carpel, the fruit a berry, drupe, or capsule. K (5) C (5) [(4),(6)] A 5 [4 or 2+2 staminodes] G (2) [(3-5)], superior, hypanthium absent. Members of the family have mostly worldwide distributions, concentrated in South America. Capsicum (peppers), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Physalis philadelphica (tomatillo), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco); alkaloids from various taxa have medicinal properties (e.g., atropine from Atropa belladona), hallucinogenic properties (e.g., Datura, Jimson weed) deadly poisons (e.g., Datura, Solanum spp.) known carcinogens (e.g., Nicotiana tabacum); some used as ornamental cultivars, others are noxious weeds. Flowers actinomorphic, plicate (in bud) 10  
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  10/14/13   Flowers  ac+nomorphic,     plicate  (in  bud)   Fruit a berry or capsule 11  
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  10/14/13   Physalis ixocarpaTomatillo 12  
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  10/14/13   Asteraceae (Compositae) Characteristics: Inflorescencea head (capitulum): subtended by inflorescence bracts: involucral bracts or phyllaries, collectively termed the involucre. Calyx modified as pappus. Stamens syngenesious. K pappus C 5 A (5) G(2), inferior, 1 basal ovule Fruit an achene.   Argyroxiphium  sandwicense,  Silversword   Maui Asteraceae (=Compositae) Sunflower family (after Aster, meaning star). 1,528 genera / 22,750 species. a head (capitulum) subtended by an involucre of phyllaries, --bilabiate, disk, or ray/ligulate, (heads of many taxa a mixture of central disk flowers and peripheral ray flowers), with the calyx, termed a pappus, modified as scales, awns, or capillary bristles (or absent), the androecium syngenesious, inferior ovary with a single, basal ovule, the fruit a multiple of achenes. Argyroxiphium sandwicense, Silversword Maui 13  
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  10/14/13   Asteraceae (=Compositae)Sunflower family (after Aster, meaning star). 1,528 genera / 22,750 species. K 0-∞ (pappus) C (5) [(4)] or (3) in some ray flowers Asteraceae: floral variation Three types of flowers: 1) Bilabiate: zygomorphic (bilateral) with 2 lips 2) Ray (ligulate): zygomorphic (bilateral) with 1 lobe 3) Disk: actinomorphic (radial), usu. 5-lobed A (5) [(4)] G (2), inferior, hypanthium absent. Five types of heads: 1) discoid, with only disk flowers; 2) disciform, with central disk flowers and marginal, eligulate female flowers; 3) radiate, with central (bisexual or male) disk flowers and peripheral (female or sterile) ray flowers; 4) ligulate, with all ray flowers (typically with 5-toothed corolla apices); 5) bilabiate, with all bilabiate flowers. Bilabiate flower posterior  lip     anterior  lip     Acourtia microcephala Trixis  californica     14  
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  10/14/13   anthers connate disk ligulate /ray Ray flowers (heads ligulate = all rays) syngenesious Disk flower: heads discoid disk  corolla     ligulate  corolla     Rafinesquia neomexicana Malacothrix  californica     Chaenac;s  gabriuscula     Psathyrotes  ramosissima     Palafoxia arida 15  
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  10/14/13   Disk flowers:heads disciform (2 types of disk fls., same or different heads) male  heads   Heads radiate: inner disk outer ray fls. disk  flowers     ray  flowers     female  heads   Ambrosia  chamissonis     Encelia  farinosa     Involucre morphology Some heads are chaffy ovary     disk  flower     Xylorhiza orcuttii one whorl chaff  :      bracts      subtending      flowers     Senecio  vulgaris     two  whorls         Coreopsis  mari;ma many  whorls         Encelia  californica Encelia californica 16  
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  10/14/13   Involucre morphology Phyllariesspiny     Phyllaries  spiny    squarrose Pappus: modified calyx   beak     Circium  vulgare     Silybum  marianum Pappus: modified calyx   capillary  bristles,  borne  atop   beak   capillary  bristles:     barbellate   capillary  bristles:     plumose ASTERACEAE •  Anthers 3-5, united à syngenesious 17  
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  10/14/13   ASTERACEAE •  Gynoecium bicarpellate • Uniloculate •  Inferior •  Uniovulate •  Placentation basal •  Fruit achene with coma or tuft of hairà cypsela ASTERACEAE •  •  •  •  •  Helianthus “sunflower” Chrysanthemum Vernonia Wedelia Tagetes ASTERACEAE •  •  •  •  •  •  Cosmos Eupatorium Ageratum Gerbera “daisy” Blumea “sambong” Taraxacum “dandelion” 18  
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