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![10/14/13
Apocynaceae, s.l. - Dogbane/Milkweed family (Greek
for "away from dog," in reference to past use of some taxa as a dog
poison). 411 genera / 4,650 species.
The Apocynaceae, s.l.
• 5-merous perianth/androecium,
• the gynoecium usually with 2 carpels,
• ovaries distinct in some taxa with styles connate
(in Asclepiadoids androecium adnate to single stigma
forming a gynostegium and pollen fused to form pollinia,
each half derived from an adjacent anther),
K (5) C (5) A 5 or (5) G (2) [(-8)], superior, rarely halfinferior.
3](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/eudicotsasteridsfs2013-131013205107-phpapp01/85/Eudicots-asterids-fs2013-pptx-3-320.jpg)
![10/14/13
pollinium
Rubiaceae — Coffee family
(after rubia, name used by Pliny for madder)
630 genera / 10,200 species.
Leaves simple, entire, usually decussate leaves
connate stipules, the stipules often with mucilagesecreting colleters
2 ovaries,
2 styles,
1 stigma
usually a cyme,
Flowers bisexual, the perianth dichlamydeous, perianth
and androecium often 4 –5-merous (calyx absent in
some),
ovary usually inferior
ovules with a funicular obturator,
K (4-5) [0] C (4-5) [(3,8-10)] A 4-5 [3,8-10] G (2)
[(3-5+)], usually inferior, rarely superior.
5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/eudicotsasteridsfs2013-131013205107-phpapp01/85/Eudicots-asterids-fs2013-pptx-5-320.jpg)
![10/14/13
Lamiaceae (=Labiatae) - Mint family
(Lamium, gullet, after the shape of the corolla tube or old Latin name
used by Pliny). 251 genera / 6,700 species.
often aromatic with ethereal oils
with usually 4-sided stems, opposite [or whorled] leaves
verticillaster or thyrse inflorescence [flowers solitary and axillary
in some], and zygomorphic [rarely actinomorphic],
usually bilabiate flowers
deeply 4-lobed ovary (by formation of false septa) and
gynobasic style
K (5) C (5) [(4)] A 4 or 2 [+2 staminodes] G (2), superior,
hypanthium absent.
Mentha, mint;
Ocimum, basil;
Rosmarinus, rosemary;
Salvia, sage;
Thymus, thyme
Leaves opposite; stems 4-sided
7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/eudicotsasteridsfs2013-131013205107-phpapp01/85/Eudicots-asterids-fs2013-pptx-7-320.jpg)
![10/14/13
Solanaceae - Nightshade family
(Latin for sleeping or comforter, after narcotic properties of
some). 94 genera / 2,950 species.
internal phloem,
spiral leaves
usually actinomorphic, 5-merous perianth and
androecium (corolla plicate in bud),
usually bicarpellate, syncarpous gynoecium, and usually
numerous ovules per carpel,
the fruit a berry, drupe, or capsule.
K (5) C (5) [(4),(6)] A 5 [4 or 2+2 staminodes] G
(2) [(3-5)], superior, hypanthium absent.
Members of the family have mostly worldwide
distributions, concentrated in South America.
Capsicum (peppers),
Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato),
Physalis philadelphica (tomatillo),
Solanum tuberosum (potato),
Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco);
alkaloids from various taxa have medicinal properties
(e.g., atropine from Atropa belladona),
hallucinogenic properties (e.g., Datura, Jimson weed)
deadly poisons (e.g., Datura, Solanum spp.)
known carcinogens (e.g., Nicotiana tabacum); some used
as ornamental cultivars, others are noxious weeds.
Flowers actinomorphic,
plicate (in bud)
10](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/eudicotsasteridsfs2013-131013205107-phpapp01/85/Eudicots-asterids-fs2013-pptx-10-320.jpg)
![10/14/13
Asteraceae (=Compositae) Sunflower family
(after Aster, meaning star). 1,528 genera / 22,750 species.
K 0-∞ (pappus)
C (5) [(4)] or (3) in some ray flowers
Asteraceae: floral variation
Three types of flowers:
1) Bilabiate: zygomorphic (bilateral) with 2 lips
2) Ray (ligulate): zygomorphic (bilateral) with 1
lobe
3) Disk: actinomorphic (radial), usu. 5-lobed
A (5) [(4)]
G (2), inferior, hypanthium absent.
Five types of heads:
1) discoid, with only disk flowers;
2) disciform, with central disk flowers and
marginal, eligulate female flowers;
3) radiate, with central (bisexual or male) disk
flowers and peripheral (female or sterile) ray
flowers;
4) ligulate, with all ray flowers (typically with
5-toothed corolla apices);
5) bilabiate, with all bilabiate flowers.
Bilabiate flower
posterior
lip
anterior
lip
Acourtia microcephala
Trixis
californica
14](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/eudicotsasteridsfs2013-131013205107-phpapp01/85/Eudicots-asterids-fs2013-pptx-14-320.jpg)
Uploaded byJasper Obico
Eudicots asterids fs2013.pptx
This document provides information about flowering plant diversity and classification, focusing on the order Asterids. It discusses the characteristics of the Asterids, including unitegmic ovules that are tenuinucellate. It then lists several orders within the Asterids, including the Cornales, Ericales, Gentianales, Lamiales, Solanales, and more. For each order, it provides the included families. The document also provides more detailed descriptions of characteristics for several economically and medicinally important families, including Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, and Asteraceae.
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Eudicots asterids fs2013.pptx
- 1. 10/14/13 Diversity AndClassification of Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Asterids Michael G. Simpson Asterids Ovules unitegmic, tenuinucellate • Very large, diverse group • 10 orders, many families • Putative apomorphies: – iridoid compounds – sympetalous corolla – ovules: unitegmic (one integument), tenuinucellate (megasporangium 1-cell thick) 1
- 2. 10/14/13 ASTERIDS CORNALES Cornaceae Curtissiaceae Grubbiaceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrostachyaceae Loasaceae ERICALES Actinidiaceae Balsaminaceae Clethraceae Cyrillaceae Diapensiaceae Ebenaceae EUASTERIDS I GENTIANALES Apocynaceae Gelsmiaceae Gentianaceae Loganiaceae Rubiaceae LAMIALES Acanthaceae Bignoniaceae Byblidaceae Calceolariaceae Carlemanniaceae Gesneriaceae Lamiaceae Lentibulariaceae Martyniaceae Oleaceae Orobanchaceae Paulowniaceae Pedaliaceae Phyrmaceae Plantaginaceae Schlegeliaceae Scrophulariaceae Stilbaceae Tetrachondraceae Verbenaceae SOLANALES Convolvulaceae Hydroleaceae Montiniaceae Solanaceae Sphenocleaceae Ericaceae Fouquieriaceae Lecythidaceae Maesaceae Marcgraviaceae Myrsinaceae Pentaphylacaceae Polemoniaceae Primulaceae Roridulaceae Sapotaceae Sarraceniaceae Styracaceae Symplocaceae Tetrameristaceae Theaceae Theophrastaceae EUASTERIDS II Bruniaceae Columelliaceae Eremosynaceae Escalloniaceae Paracryphiaceae Polyosmaceae Sphenostemonaceae Tribelaceae APIALES Apiaceae Araliaceae Aralidiaceae Griseliniaceae Mackinlayaceae Melanophyllaceae Myodocarpaceae Pennantiaceae Pittosporaceae Torricelliaceae AQUIFOLIALES Aquifoliaceae Cardiopteridaceae Helwingiaceae Phyllonmaceae Stemonuraceae ASTERALES Alseuosmiaceae Argophyllaceae Asteraceae Calyceraceae Campanulaceae Goodeniaceae EUASTERIDS I Boraginaceae Cordiaceae* Ehretiaceae* Heliotropaceae* Hydrophyllaceae* Lennoaceae* Icacinaceae Oncothecaceae Vahliaceae GARRYALES Eucommiaceae Garryaceae Menyanthaceae Pentaphragmataceae Phellinaceae Rousseaceae Stylidiaceae DIPSACALES Adoxaceae Caprifoliaceae* Diervillaceae* Dipsacaceae* Linnaeaceae* Morinaceae* Valerianaceae* 2
- 3. 10/14/13 Apocynaceae, s.l.- Dogbane/Milkweed family (Greek for "away from dog," in reference to past use of some taxa as a dog poison). 411 genera / 4,650 species. The Apocynaceae, s.l. • 5-merous perianth/androecium, • the gynoecium usually with 2 carpels, • ovaries distinct in some taxa with styles connate (in Asclepiadoids androecium adnate to single stigma forming a gynostegium and pollen fused to form pollinia, each half derived from an adjacent anther), K (5) C (5) A 5 or (5) G (2) [(-8)], superior, rarely halfinferior. 3
- 4. 10/14/13 • • • • APOCYNACEAE Allamanda “yellowbell” Plumeria “kalachuchi” Nerium oleander “adelfa” Thevetia “false yellow bell” retinaculum 4
- 5. 10/14/13 pollinium Rubiaceae —Coffee family (after rubia, name used by Pliny for madder) 630 genera / 10,200 species. Leaves simple, entire, usually decussate leaves connate stipules, the stipules often with mucilagesecreting colleters 2 ovaries, 2 styles, 1 stigma usually a cyme, Flowers bisexual, the perianth dichlamydeous, perianth and androecium often 4 –5-merous (calyx absent in some), ovary usually inferior ovules with a funicular obturator, K (4-5) [0] C (4-5) [(3,8-10)] A 4-5 [3,8-10] G (2) [(3-5+)], usually inferior, rarely superior. 5
- 6. 10/14/13 Rubiaceae —Coffee family (after rubia, name used by Pliny for madder) 630 genera / 10,200 species. worldwide distribution, more concentrated in tropical regions. Cinchona, the source of quinine used to treat malaria, Coffea arabica and other species, the source of coffee, Pausinystalia johimbe, the source of the sexual stimulant yohimbine, some timber trees, fruiting plants, dye plants (such as Rubia, madder), and ornamental cultivars (e.g., Pentas, among others). 6
- 7. 10/14/13 Lamiaceae (=Labiatae)- Mint family (Lamium, gullet, after the shape of the corolla tube or old Latin name used by Pliny). 251 genera / 6,700 species. often aromatic with ethereal oils with usually 4-sided stems, opposite [or whorled] leaves verticillaster or thyrse inflorescence [flowers solitary and axillary in some], and zygomorphic [rarely actinomorphic], usually bilabiate flowers deeply 4-lobed ovary (by formation of false septa) and gynobasic style K (5) C (5) [(4)] A 4 or 2 [+2 staminodes] G (2), superior, hypanthium absent. Mentha, mint; Ocimum, basil; Rosmarinus, rosemary; Salvia, sage; Thymus, thyme Leaves opposite; stems 4-sided 7
- 8. 10/14/13 Inflorescence athyrse or verticillaster (usu.) Flowers zygomorphic; corolla sympetalous, bilabiate Fruit a schizocarp of nutlets carpels 2; style gynobasic 8
- 9. 10/14/13 Ocimum basilicumBASIL Rosmarinus officinalis ROSEMARY Salvia apiana WHITE SAGE enantiostylous flowers 9
- 10. 10/14/13 Solanaceae -Nightshade family (Latin for sleeping or comforter, after narcotic properties of some). 94 genera / 2,950 species. internal phloem, spiral leaves usually actinomorphic, 5-merous perianth and androecium (corolla plicate in bud), usually bicarpellate, syncarpous gynoecium, and usually numerous ovules per carpel, the fruit a berry, drupe, or capsule. K (5) C (5) [(4),(6)] A 5 [4 or 2+2 staminodes] G (2) [(3-5)], superior, hypanthium absent. Members of the family have mostly worldwide distributions, concentrated in South America. Capsicum (peppers), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Physalis philadelphica (tomatillo), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco); alkaloids from various taxa have medicinal properties (e.g., atropine from Atropa belladona), hallucinogenic properties (e.g., Datura, Jimson weed) deadly poisons (e.g., Datura, Solanum spp.) known carcinogens (e.g., Nicotiana tabacum); some used as ornamental cultivars, others are noxious weeds. Flowers actinomorphic, plicate (in bud) 10
- 11. 10/14/13 Flowers ac+nomorphic, plicate (in bud) Fruit a berry or capsule 11
- 12. 10/14/13 Physalis ixocarpaTomatillo 12
- 13. 10/14/13 Asteraceae (Compositae) Characteristics: Inflorescencea head (capitulum): subtended by inflorescence bracts: involucral bracts or phyllaries, collectively termed the involucre. Calyx modified as pappus. Stamens syngenesious. K pappus C 5 A (5) G(2), inferior, 1 basal ovule Fruit an achene. Argyroxiphium sandwicense, Silversword Maui Asteraceae (=Compositae) Sunflower family (after Aster, meaning star). 1,528 genera / 22,750 species. a head (capitulum) subtended by an involucre of phyllaries, --bilabiate, disk, or ray/ligulate, (heads of many taxa a mixture of central disk flowers and peripheral ray flowers), with the calyx, termed a pappus, modified as scales, awns, or capillary bristles (or absent), the androecium syngenesious, inferior ovary with a single, basal ovule, the fruit a multiple of achenes. Argyroxiphium sandwicense, Silversword Maui 13
- 14. 10/14/13 Asteraceae (=Compositae)Sunflower family (after Aster, meaning star). 1,528 genera / 22,750 species. K 0-∞ (pappus) C (5) [(4)] or (3) in some ray flowers Asteraceae: floral variation Three types of flowers: 1) Bilabiate: zygomorphic (bilateral) with 2 lips 2) Ray (ligulate): zygomorphic (bilateral) with 1 lobe 3) Disk: actinomorphic (radial), usu. 5-lobed A (5) [(4)] G (2), inferior, hypanthium absent. Five types of heads: 1) discoid, with only disk flowers; 2) disciform, with central disk flowers and marginal, eligulate female flowers; 3) radiate, with central (bisexual or male) disk flowers and peripheral (female or sterile) ray flowers; 4) ligulate, with all ray flowers (typically with 5-toothed corolla apices); 5) bilabiate, with all bilabiate flowers. Bilabiate flower posterior lip anterior lip Acourtia microcephala Trixis californica 14
- 15. 10/14/13 anthers connate disk ligulate /ray Ray flowers (heads ligulate = all rays) syngenesious Disk flower: heads discoid disk corolla ligulate corolla Rafinesquia neomexicana Malacothrix californica Chaenac;s gabriuscula Psathyrotes ramosissima Palafoxia arida 15
- 16. 10/14/13 Disk flowers:heads disciform (2 types of disk fls., same or different heads) male heads Heads radiate: inner disk outer ray fls. disk flowers ray flowers female heads Ambrosia chamissonis Encelia farinosa Involucre morphology Some heads are chaffy ovary disk flower Xylorhiza orcuttii one whorl chaff : bracts subtending flowers Senecio vulgaris two whorls Coreopsis mari;ma many whorls Encelia californica Encelia californica 16
- 17. 10/14/13 Involucre morphology Phyllariesspiny Phyllaries spiny squarrose Pappus: modified calyx beak Circium vulgare Silybum marianum Pappus: modified calyx capillary bristles, borne atop beak capillary bristles: barbellate capillary bristles: plumose ASTERACEAE • Anthers 3-5, united à syngenesious 17
- 18. 10/14/13 ASTERACEAE • Gynoecium bicarpellate • Uniloculate • Inferior • Uniovulate • Placentation basal • Fruit achene with coma or tuft of hairà cypsela ASTERACEAE • • • • • Helianthus “sunflower” Chrysanthemum Vernonia Wedelia Tagetes ASTERACEAE • • • • • • Cosmos Eupatorium Ageratum Gerbera “daisy” Blumea “sambong” Taraxacum “dandelion” 18
- 19.