This document summarizes key points about plants from Chapter 3, including:
1) Plants are important for ecosystem services, fuels/fibers, and other uses. They evolved from green algae in water and later colonized land.
2) There are four major plant groups: non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
3) Plants generally alternate between a sporophyte generation with 2n chromosomes and a gametophyte with n chromosomes.
Plant Diversity lecture covering Mosses, Ferns, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, based on Chapters 29 and 30 from Campbell & Reece "Biology" 8th edition (International). For ACS Biology 10, Sofia Bulgaria. March 2010
Plant Diversity lecture covering Mosses, Ferns, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, based on Chapters 29 and 30 from Campbell & Reece "Biology" 8th edition (International). For ACS Biology 10, Sofia Bulgaria. March 2010
Kingdom Plantae presented by Vrushali Gharat to Mr. Kailash vilegaveKailash Vilegave
Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Economic importance Algae.
Ulothrix
Reproduction
Mosses and Liverwort
life cycle of all plants.
2. Summary
Why are plants important?
Evolution
4 major groups
Life cycle – general
Key lineages
3. Why are Plants Important?
3 categories:
Ecosystem services
Fuels and fibers
Other
4. Evolution
It started with green algae, confined to a watery
environment, ~ 570 mya.
Land plants 1st appeared about 450 mya, preceding
land animals.
6. 4 Major Groups
Based on similar characteristics and order of
evolution.
Non-vascular land plants, mosses, liverworts and hornworts
Vascular plants
Seedless vascular plants, club mosses, ferns and horsetails
Gymnosperms have “naked” seeds that protect embryo, conifers,
cycads and ginkgos.
Angiosperms have enclosed seeds (fruits) and flowers.
7.
8. Life Cycle
Alternates between sporophyte (2n) and
gametophyte (n) generations.
In early land plants the gametophyte stage
predominates, later the sporophyte stage dominates.
9.
10. Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes)
Characteristics
Gametophytes are photosynthetic, sporophytes are attached to
gametophytes and depend on them for nutrition.
Require water to reproduce
Most are small and live in moist, temperate environments.
12. Nonvascular plants
Phylum Anthocerophyta Phaeocerus leavis
– hornworts
Gas Exchange: Stomata
(the rest of the plant
kingdom has stomata).
Tiny “broom handles”
extending from rhizoids
(above ground anchors to
substrate).
17. Seedless Vascular Plants
Phylum Lycophyta – club
mosses
Extinct varieties were tree-
like but surviving species
are small.
Major source of coal.
18. Seedless Vascular Plants
Phylum Psilotophyta
Whisk ferns: no leaves or
roots, grow on rhizoids or
they are epiphytes.
Horsetails: photosynthetic
stems, leaves are less
prominent than stems in
some varieties. Grow well in
wet, boggy areas.
21. Seed-bearing Vascular Plants Ch 28
Characteristics
Sporophyte stage dominates.
Major development is the seed that protects embryo and allows
for a dormant period.
2 types of gametophytes or structures:
Male (pollen-sperm) and
Female (ovary – eggs)
22. Seed-bearing Vascular Plants
2 groups
Gymnosperms – “naked” seeds. Ovules (eggs) are partially
exposed on scales; sperm are motile or nonmotile.
Angiosperms – “vessel” seeds (fruit). Ovules are totally
enclosed, sperm are motile.
26. Seed-bearing Vascular Plants
Gymnosperms – 4 phyla cont’d
Coniferophyta (conifers) – largest group; pines, firs, cedars,
yews, cypresses, etc.
Produce male and female cones.
Pollen grains and ovules develop at the base of scales. Pollen
grains float into female cones and stick on ovules.
Female cones take 1-2 seasons to mature and release their seeds.