5. Two Major Systems
Shoot System – plant parts above the
ground, that are grouped into two:
• Vegetative Parts – consist of
the stems and leaves
• Reproductive Parts – includes
flowers, fruits and seeds
Root System – plant parts that are
primarily found below the grounds
.
6. The ROOTS
Roots are usually an underground part of a plant.
They anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals
from the soil, acts as an important storage for some
plants.
The root is distinguished from the stem by its
structure, by the manner in which it is formed, and by
the lack of such appendages as buds and leaves.
7. External Parts of the
Roots
Secondary roots – these are roots
that branch from the primary root.
Root hairs – these are epidermal cells
grow long projections into the
surrounding soil.
Primary root – elongates
during germination of the seed.
Root cap – it is a thimble like cluster of
cell that covers and protects the root
tip.
8. Internal Parts of the
Plant Root
Xylem Phloem
Region of Maturation –
cell mature and
differentiate into special
tissue
Region of Cell Division -
The Root Aparical Maritem
is the area of cell division
found in the root tip
Region of Elongation -
cells become two to
three times longer and
a little longer than the
original size.
Root hair
Vascular Cylinder
Cortex
Endodermis
Epidermis
Apical Maristem
Root Cap
9. Two Root Systems
Fibrous Root Taproot
Fibrous Root System - It has many slender
roots of about the same size that spread
out in all directions
Taproot System - A plant with a taproot
system has one root that is larger than the
rest. Taproots grow straight down, some
as deep as 15 feet.
10. TheSTEM
A plant organ that typically grows
above ground and bears leaves, buds, and
flowers. Stems conduct water and minerals
from the roots to the leaves and also
transport food made in the leaves to all other
parts of the plant. In addition, stems give
support to the plant and may also store food
and water, act as reproductive structures,
and may themselves manufacture food.
11. Main Kinds of Stem
Herbaceous Stem
Herbaceous
plants are usually green
and pliant and are covered
by a thin epidermis
instead of by the bark of
woody plants.
Woody Stem
A woody plant is
a vascular plant that has
a perennial stem that is
above ground and covered
by a layer of
thickened bark. The
diameter of a woody stem
id dramatically larger than
the woody stem and can
sustain life longer than the
herbaceous stem
12. Internal Parts of the Stem
Pith
Cortex
Outer Skin
Outer Skin
Cambium
Phloem
Pith
Vascular Bundle containing
Xylem and Phloem Tissue
Xylem
13. External Parts of the Stem
Terminal Bud Bud Scale
Node
Axillary Bud
Lateral Buds
Internode
• Lenticels
• Leaf Scar
14. Specialized Stems
Runners – these allow the
stem to develop new roots
and leaves wherein a node
of the stem touches the
soil.
Rhizomes – these
are underground,
horizontal stem
where new shoots
develop.
Bulbs – these are
consisting of small
piece of stem that
bears fleshy
leaves.
15. Tendrils – these are long, thin,
coiling structures that attach the
plant for support or adhere to
surfaces and enable it to climb.
Tubers – have a
short terminal
portion of an
underground that
develop buds at the
nodes.
Corms – these are short, bulky,
vertical stem that bears fleshy
leaves.
16. The LEAF
Leaf, part of a plant that serves primarily as the plant's
food-making organ in a process called photosynthesis. Leaves take
part in other plant functions as well, including transpiration, of
which plants remove excess water from itself, and respiration, the
process by which a plant obtains oxygen and energy. Leaves also
may store food and water and provide structural support.
17. External Parts of the Leaf
Small Netted
Vein
Vein
Stipule
Blade
Midrib
Petiole
18. Internal Parts of the Leaf
Epidermis
Palisade Mesophyll
Guard Cells
Spongy Mesophyll
Veins
Stomata
19. Variations in Leaf Arrangement
Alternate – Only one leaf
is attached to a node and
the Leaves are attached
alternately.
on Stem
Whorled – Three or more
leaves are attached to one
node.
Opposite - Two leaves are attached to one
node. The leaves are opposite each other.
20. Divisions in
Leaves
Variations in Leaf Arrangement
Compound Leaf - A compound leaf is
deeply divided into separate parts called
leaflets.
Alternate – Only one leaf
is attached to a node and
the Leaves are attached
alternately.
on Stem
Whorled – Three or more
leaves are attached to one
node.
Opposite - Two leaves are attached to one
node. The leaves are opposite each other.
Simple Leaf - A simple leaf has only one
blade and one petiole. The blade may be
lobed, but it is not completely divided into
separate parts.
21. Different Kinds of Compound Leaves
Palmately Compound Leaf - A palmately
compound leaf has leaflets attached to one
petiole. The leaflets spread from the base of
the leaf like fingers on a hand.
Pinnately Compound Leaf - Pinnately
compound leaf such as those of hickory and
walnut has leaflets that are attached along
both sides of the petiole.
22. Shape of Leaf
Round Shape
Heart Shaped
Straight
Elliptical
25. The FLOWER
A A flower grows from a receptacle, which is the
swollen tip of a flower stalk. All flower parts are actually
modified leaves. Flowers are the reproductive organ of
most seed-bearing plants. Flowers carry out the multiple
roles of sexual reproduction, seed development, and fruit
production. Many plants produce highly visible flowers that
have a distinctive size, color, or fragrance.
