This document discusses brain-computer interfaces (BCI). It begins with an introduction and overview of BCI models, principles of operation, EEGs, approaches, applications and advantages. It then discusses the history and development of BCIs from algorithms in the 1970s to current projects decoding brain signals in monkeys and humans. The document outlines invasive, non-invasive and semi-invasive BCI approaches and their signals. Applications discussed include assisting paralyzed patients and enhancing devices. Challenges include training and costs. The document concludes that BCI is a promising emerging technology that could improve lives and lead to advances in areas like machine control, virtual reality, and human enhancement through continued research.

1. PRESENTED BY
*Intekhab Alam Khan
*Deshraj Singh
*Sujeet Dwivedi

2. 1) INTRODUCTION
2) BCI MODEL
3) HOW DOES IT WORK?
4) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
5) WHAT IS AN EEG?
6) BCI APPROACHES
7) WHY BCI?
8) APPLICATIONS
9) ADVANTAGES
10) DISADVANTAGES
11) FUTURE WORK
12) CONCLUSION
13) REFERENCES

3. • Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing
emergent technology, in which researchers aim to
build a direct channel between the human brain and
the computer.
• A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a collaboration in
which a brain accepts and controls a mechanical
device as a natural part of its representation of the
body.
• Computer-brain interfaces are designed to restore
sensory function, transmit sensory information to the
brain, or stimulate the brain through artificially
generated electrical signals.

6. • Algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor
cortex neurons, which control movement, were
developed in 1970s.
• The first Intra-Cortical Brain-Computer Interface
was built by implanting electrodes into monkeys.
• After conducting initial studies in rats during the
1990s, researchers developed Brain Computer
Interfaces that decoded brain activity in monkeys
and used the devices to reproduce movements in
monkeys and used the devices to reproduce
monkey movements in robotic arms.

7. CONTD…

8. CONTD…

11. o An Electro Encephalo Gram is a measure of the brain's
voltage fluctuations as detected from scalp electrodes.
o It is an approximation of the cumulative electrical
activity of neurons.
o EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain with
multiple electrodes placed on the scalp
o It is portable and relative inexpensive that is why most
noninvasive BCIs are presently based on EEG.

13. • Invasive BCIs are implanted
directly into the grey matter of
the brain during neurosurgery.
• As they rest in the grey matter,
invasive devices produce the
highest quality signals of BCI
devices but are prone to scartissue build-up, causing the
signal to become weaker or
even lost as the body reacts to
a foreign object in the brain.

14. single neurons but require less contact with tissue and reduce the risk of scar-tissue build up.
• SEMI-INVASIVE BCI devices are implanted inside the skull but rest
outside the brain rather than amidst the grey matter. They produce
better resolution signals than non-invasive BCIs where the bone
tissue of the cranium deflects and deforms signals and have a lower
risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain than fully-invasive BCIs.
•Electrocardiography (ECoG) uses the same technology as noninvasive electroencephalography, but the electrodes are embedded
in a thin plastic pad that is placed above the cortex, beneath the
Dura mater.

15. • Non-invasive implants
produce poor signal
resolution because the
skull dampens signals,
dispersing and blurring
the electromagnetic
waves created by the
neurons.
• Easy to wear.
BRAINWAVES PRODUCED BY EEG

16. o BCI is a new neuroscience paradigm that might help us better
understand how the human brain works.
o BCI research allows us to develop a new class of bioengineering
control devices and robots.
o BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improving performance.
o BCI can expand possibilities for advanced human computer
interfaces (HCIs).

17. 1. MENTAL TYPEWRITER
2. BCI offers paralyzed
patients improved
quality of life.
3. MILITARY and CIVIL
RESEARCH.
4. Allow patients to control
a computer by conscious
changes of brain activity.

18. 
• Provide disabled people with communication, environment

control, and movement restoration.


• Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs,
vehicles, or assistance robots for people with disabilities.

• Provide additional channel of control in computer games.
• Monitor attention in long-distance drivers or aircraft pilots,
send
 out alert and warning for aircraft pilots.


• Develop intelligent relaxation devices.

19. 
• Control robots that function in dangerous or
inhospitable situations (e.g., underwater or in
extreme heat or cold).

• Create a feedback loop to enhance the benefits
of certain therapeutic methods.
• Develop passive devices for monitoring function,
such as ,
 monitoring long-term drug effects, evaluating
psychological state, etc.


• Monitor stages of sleep

20. 
• Bionics/Cybernetics

• Memory Upload/Download

• Dream Capture
• Brain as a Computer

• “Google Search” through brain

21. CURRENT PROJECTS
FUTURE WORK
o
Improving physical
methods for gathering
EEGs.
GAMING CONTROL
o
Improving generalization.
BIONIC EYE
o
Improving knowledge of
how to interpret waves.
o
BRAIN GATE
o
HONDA ASIMO CONTROL
o
o

22. • BrainGate
• BCI2000
• Australian Bionic Eye
• Honda Asimo Control
• Kevin Warwick – The First Human Cyborg
• Gaming Control
• Many Others….

27. And an artificial eye can see a

28. 1. DIRECT
COMMUNICATION
between human brain
and computers.
2. Better LIVING, more
FEATURES, more
ADVANCEMENT in
technologies etc.
3. New work area for
scientists and researches
around the world.
4. LOW BANDWIDTH.

29. 1. Virus attacks may
occur to brain
causing ill effects.
2. Requires extensive
training.
3. BCI techniques are
costly.
4. Slow speed.

30. • A potential therapeutic tool.
• BCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm shift in
areas like Machine Control, Human Enhancement, Virtual
reality and etc. So, it’s potentially high impact technology.
• Several potential applications of BCI hold promise for
rehabilitation and improving performance, such as treating
emotional disorders (for example, depression or anxiety),
easing chronic pain, and overcoming movement disabilities due
to stroke.
• Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon.
• Intense R&D in future to attain intuitive efficiency.

31. o
www.elecdesign.com
o
www.brainlab.org
o
www.en.wikipedia.com/braincomputerinterface
o
www.howstuffworks.com

33. PRESENTED BY
*Intekhab Alam Khan
*Deshraj Singh
*Sujeet Dwiwedi