Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) create a direct communication link between the human brain and computers, aiming to restore sensory functions, improve rehabilitation, and enhance human-computer interactions. There are two types of BCIs: invasive, which provide high signal quality but risk tissue damage, and non-invasive, which are easier to use but offer lower signal resolution. BCIs hold promise in diverse applications such as treating mental disorders and improving quality of life for paralyzed patients, representing a significant technological advancement with extensive research opportunities.

3. • Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent technology, in
which researchers aim to build a direct channel between the human
brain and the computer.
• A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a collaboration in which a brain
accepts and controls a mechanical device as a natural part of its
representation of the body.
• Computer-brain interfaces are designed to restore sensory function,
transmit sensory information to the brain, or stimulate the brain through
artificially generated electrical signals.

7. o An electroencephalogram is a measure of the brain's
voltage fluctuations as detected from scalp electrodes.
o It is an approximation of the cumulative electrical activity
of neurons.
o EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain with
multiple electrodes placed on the scalp
o It is portable and relatively inexpensive that is why most
noninvasive BCIs are presently based on EEG.

8. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

10. – Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey
matter of the brain during neurosurgery.
• As they rest in the grey matter, invasive devices
produce the highest quality signals of BCI devices
but are prone to scar- tissue build-up, causing the
signal to become weaker or
– Even lost as the body reacts to a foreign object in
the brain.

12. NON-INVASIVE
• Non-invasive implants
produce poor signal
resolution because the
skull dampens signals,
dispersing and blurring the
electromagnetic waves
created by the neurons.
• Easy to wear.
BRAINWAVES PRODUCED BY EEG

13. o BCI is a new neuroscience paradigm that might
help us better understand how the human brain
works.
o BCI research allows us to develop a new class of
bioengineering control devices and robots.
o BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improving
performance.
o BCI can expand possibilities for advanced human
computer interfaces (HCIs).

14. MENTAL TYPEWRITER
BCI offers paralyzed patients
improved quality of life.
MILITARY and CIVIL RESEARCH
AS a Search Device
Allow patients to control a
computer by conscious
changes of brain activity.

15. 1. DIRECT COMMUNICATION
between human brain and
computers.
2. Better LIVING, more
FEATURES, more
ADVANCEMENT in
technologies etc.
3. New work area for
scientists and researches
around the world.
4. LOW BANDWIDTH

16. Virus attacks may
occur to brain
causing ill effects.
Requires extensive
training.
BCI techniques are
costly.
Slow speed.

17. Current projects
oBRAIN GATE
oHONDA ASIMO
CONTROL
oGAMING CONTROL
oBIONIC EYE

18. o Improving physical
methods for gathering
EEG’s.
o Improving generalization.
o Improving knowledge of
how to interpret waves.

20. A potential therapeutic tool.
BCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm shift in
areas like Machine Control, Human Enhancement, Virtual
reality etc. So, it’s potentially high impact technology.
Several potential applications of BCI hold promise for
rehabilitation and improving performance, such as treating
emotional disorders (for example, depression or anxiety),
easing chronic pain, and overcoming movement disabilities due
to stroke.
Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon.
Intense R&D in future to attain intuitive efficiency.