This presentation provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). It discusses how BCI allows direct communication between the brain and external devices using sensors to monitor brain activity corresponding to thought. The presentation covers the history and basic components of BCI, techniques including invasive and non-invasive methods, applications in medical and non-medical fields, drawbacks, and innovators in the field. The goal of BCI research is to improve technologies to help people with disabilities and potentially allow control of devices with thought alone.

1. PRESENTATION ON
BRAIN-COMPUTER
INTERFACE (BCI)
BY- DEVENDRA SINGH TOMAR
(0904EC111038)

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS BCI
HISTORY OF BCI
BASIC COMPONENTS OF BCI
TECHNIQUES- (a)INVASIVE TECHNIQUE
(b)NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE
BCI APPLICATION-(a)NON-MEDICAL APPLICATION
(b) MEIDCAL APPLICATIONS
DRAWBACKS & INNOVATORS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
• For generations, humans have fantasized about the ability to
communicate and interact with machines.
• The ability to communicate with the human brain is made possible
through the use of sensors that can monitor some of the physical
processes that occur within the brain that correspond with certain
forms of thought.
• Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) is a developing field that has been
adding this new dimension of functionality to HCI (Human Computer
Interaction).

4. WHAT IS BCI
A Brain–Computer Interface (BCI), often called a Mind-Machine
Interface (MMI), is a direct communication pathway between the brain
and an external device.

6.  HISTORY OF BCI

7. • Wolpaw and colleagues, 40 years later, in the 1970s, researchers were
able to develop primitive control systems based on electrical activity
recorded from the head.
• The Pentagon's Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency‘s
(DARPA) research conducted by George Lawrence and coworkers,
focused on developing techniques to improve the performance of
soldiers in tasks that had high mental loads, expanded its focus
toward a more general field of biocybemetics, whose goal was to
explore the possibility of controlling devices through the real-time
computerized processing of any biological signal.
• American scientist Peter Brunner composed a message simply by
concentrating on a display At the European Research and Innovation
Exhibition in Paris in June 2006.

8.  BASIC COMPONENTS OF BCI

10.  TECHNIQUES
(a) INVASIVE TECHNIQUE

11. (b) NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE

12.  BCI APPLICATION
(a) NON-MEDICAL APPLICATION:
(i) DEVICE CONTROL
(ii) USER STATE MODELLING
(iii) EVALUATION
(iv) TRAINING
(v) GAMING AND ENTERTAINMENT
(vi) COGNITIVE IMPROVEMENT
(vii) SAFETY & SECURITY

13. (B) MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

14.  DRAWBACKS & INNOVATORS
(a) DRAWBACKS:
• Brain neuron’s signals are not always in electrical form, they involved
chemical processes as well, which EEG can’t pick up on.
• The signal is weak and prone to interference.
• The equipment is less portable.
(b) INNOVATORS:
• Neural Signals is developing technology to restore speech to disabled people.
• NASA has researched a similar system, although it reads electric signals from
the nerves in the mouth and throat area, rather than directly from the brain.
• Cyberkinetics Neurotechnology Systems is marketing the BrainGate.
• Japanese researchers have developed a preliminary BCI that allows the user to
control their avatar in the online world Second Life.

15.  CONCLUSION
Continuation and acceleration of recent progress in BCI research and
development requires increased focus on the production of peer-reviewed
research articles in high quality journals, identification and
widespread presentations and from media attention. For the near future,
research funding will depend primarily on public agencies and private
foundations that fund research directed at the needs of those with severe
motor disabilities. With further increases in speed, accuracy, and range
of applications, BCI technology could become applicable to larger
populations and could thereby engage the interest and resources of
private industry.

16.  REFERENCES
1. Niels Birbaumer, P. Hunter Backham, “Brain Computer Interface
Technology: A Review of First International Meeting”, IEEE
Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol.8, No.2, June 2000.
2. Anirudh Vallabhaneni, Tao Wang, “Brain Computer Interface”,
University of Illinois, Chicago, 2005.
3. Haider Hussein Alwaiti, Ishak Aris, “Brain Computer Interface Design
& Applications: Challenges & Future”, World Applied Journal 11, 2010.
4. Jan B. F. Vanerp, Fabien Lotte, “Brain-Computer Interfaces for Non-
Medical Applications: How to Move Forward”, Computer-IEEE
Computer Society-45, April 2012.
5. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/brain-computer-interface.htm
6. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain–computer_interface
7. www.braincomputerinterface.com/