The document provides an overview of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), describing how they translate brain electrical activity into commands for device control. It discusses the history, applications, and structure of BCIs, including signal acquisition, preprocessing, and classification. The future of BCIs focuses on enhancing user experience through wearable technology and virtual reality integration.

1. Brain Computer Interfaceby- MANEESH RANJAN MCA 4th Sem. SJCE,MYSORE

2. OverviewIntroductionApplicationHistoryWhat is BCIStructure and signalsArchitecture/Logical structureBrain wavesFunctionalityFuture WorkConclusionReferences

3. IntroductionIt is the study of brain functionsBCI are system that provide translation of the electrical activity of the human brain into command which can control device in real time.An Electroencephalogram based Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) provides a new communication channel between the human brain and a computer.

4. Applications Bioengineering applications: assist devices for disabled people.Human subject monitoring: sleep disorders, neurological diseases, attention monitoring, and/or overall "mental state".Neuroscience research: real-time methods for correlating observable behavior with recorded neural signals.Man – Machine Interaction: Interface devices between human and computers, machines.

5. History- Discovering the Basics1924: Hans Berger discovers the EEG Analyses the interrelation of EEG and brain diseases.1970: First developments to use brain waves as inputARPA has vision of enhanced human First step in the right direction

6. History-Monkey first1990: First successful experiments with monkeysImplanting electrode arrays into monkey brainsRecording of monkeys‘ brain waves2000: Monkeys control robots by thoughts

7. History - … Humans followMore non-invasive than invasive approachesBrain reading by eg. EEG, MEG or fMRI2004: First human benefits from research

8. KEY ISSUES IN BCI RESEARCH AND USERSRESEARCH DISCIPLINESEngineeringClinical ...PsychologicalNeuroscience

9. KEY ISSUES IN BCI RESEARCH AND USERSTarget users:Researchers - clinical researchers, neuroscientists, signal processing experts, etc.

10. Technical operators - caregivers, therapists who are in charge of training someone on BCI operation.

11. End-users -people with disabilities who rely on the system for communication

12. Casual end-users -those who use a BCI as an alternative input for entertainment devices.What is BCIBrain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) Interaction between the human neural system and machinesGoalEnabling people (especially disabled) to communicate and control devices by mere thinking.BCI is a control system

13. Structure of a BCI

14. Structure of a BCI1) Signal Acquisition: the EEG signals are obtained from the brain through invasive or non-invasive methods (for example, electrodes). After, the signal is amplified and sampled.2) Signal Pre-Processing: once the signals are acquired, it is necessary to clean them.3) Signal Classification: once the signals are cleaned, they will be processed and classified to find out which kind of mental task the subject is performing.4) Computer Interaction: once the signals are classified, they will be used by an appropriate algorithm for the development of a certain application.

15. Signal ProcessingFeature ExtractionThe Translation Algorithm

16. Output DeviceAny controllable machinesFor answering yes/no questionsFor word processing WheelchairVirtual RealityUsually, Computer screen and the output is the selection of targets or cursor movement

17. Existing SolutionSuccessful Story, Wearable BCI

18. A successful transition of the whole BCI system to the portable device

19. No machine learning

20. Limited computational power (limited signal processing)

21. BCI2000

22. A general-purpose system for (BCI) research

23. Source Module (new device new driver)

24. Signal Processing Module (reusable, No Machine Learning)

25. User Application Module (UDP/IP support to be running in any machine)

26. Platform

27. Microsoft Windows™ 2000/XP

28. C++ languageWearable BCIMobilityCommunication technologiesBluetooth802.11(wire less –WLAN)GSM/GPRSPDA instead of stationary computerDry Electrode instead of wet (reducing montage time)Making the BCI transparentNo need to change electrodes for a reasonable long time

29. Architecture