The document provides an overview of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), describing how they translate brain electrical activity into commands for device control. It discusses the history, applications, and structure of BCIs, including signal acquisition, preprocessing, and classification. The future of BCIs focuses on enhancing user experience through wearable technology and virtual reality integration.

1. Brain Computer Interfaceby- MANEESH RANJAN MCA 4th Sem. SJCE,MYSORE

2. OverviewIntroductionApplicationHistoryWhat is BCIStructure and signalsArchitecture/Logical structureBrain wavesFunctionalityFuture WorkConclusionReferences

3. IntroductionIt is the study of brain functionsBCI are system that provide translation of the electrical activity of the human brain into command which can control device in real time.An Electroencephalogram based Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) provides a new communication channel between the human brain and a computer.

4. Applications Bioengineering applications: assist devices for disabled people.Human subject monitoring: sleep disorders, neurological diseases, attention monitoring, and/or overall "mental state".Neuroscience research: real-time methods for correlating observable behavior with recorded neural signals.Man – Machine Interaction: Interface devices between human and computers, machines.

5. History- Discovering the Basics1924: Hans Berger discovers the EEG Analyses the interrelation of EEG and brain diseases.1970: First developments to use brain waves as inputARPA has vision of enhanced human First step in the right direction

6. History-Monkey first1990: First successful experiments with monkeysImplanting electrode arrays into monkey brainsRecording of monkeys‘ brain waves2000: Monkeys control robots by thoughts

7. History - … Humans followMore non-invasive than invasive approachesBrain reading by eg. EEG, MEG or fMRI2004: First human benefits from research

8. KEY ISSUES IN BCI RESEARCH AND USERSRESEARCH DISCIPLINESEngineeringClinical ...PsychologicalNeuroscience

9. KEY ISSUES IN BCI RESEARCH AND USERSTarget users:Researchers - clinical researchers, neuroscientists, signal processing experts, etc.

10. Technical operators - caregivers, therapists who are in charge of training someone on BCI operation.

11. End-users -people with disabilities who rely on the system for communication

12. Casual end-users -those who use a BCI as an alternative input for entertainment devices.What is BCIBrain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) Interaction between the human neural system and machinesGoalEnabling people (especially disabled) to communicate and control devices by mere thinking.BCI is a control system

13. Structure of a BCI

14. Structure of a BCI1) Signal Acquisition: the EEG signals are obtained from the brain through invasive or non-invasive methods (for example, electrodes). After, the signal is amplified and sampled.2) Signal Pre-Processing: once the signals are acquired, it is necessary to clean them.3) Signal Classification: once the signals are cleaned, they will be processed and classified to find out which kind of mental task the subject is performing.4) Computer Interaction: once the signals are classified, they will be used by an appropriate algorithm for the development of a certain application.

15. Signal ProcessingFeature ExtractionThe Translation Algorithm

16. Output DeviceAny controllable machinesFor answering yes/no questionsFor word processing WheelchairVirtual RealityUsually, Computer screen and the output is the selection of targets or cursor movement

17. Existing SolutionSuccessful Story, Wearable BCI

18. A successful transition of the whole BCI system to the portable device

19. No machine learning

20. Limited computational power (limited signal processing)

21. BCI2000

22. A general-purpose system for (BCI) research

23. Source Module (new device new driver)

24. Signal Processing Module (reusable, No Machine Learning)

25. User Application Module (UDP/IP support to be running in any machine)

26. Platform

27. Microsoft Windows™ 2000/XP

28. C++ languageWearable BCIMobilityCommunication technologiesBluetooth802.11(wire less –WLAN)GSM/GPRSPDA instead of stationary computerDry Electrode instead of wet (reducing montage time)Making the BCI transparentNo need to change electrodes for a reasonable long time

29. Architecture

30. Logical scheme of BCIIncrease of performanceappropriate feature extractionModification ofBrain SignalsSignal Featurescomputer traininguser trainingPsychologicalEffort(Intention)ClassificationOf IntentEnvironmentappropriate feedback strategy

31. Characteristics of BrainwavesTheta waves [4, 7.5] associated with reverie, daydreaming, meditation, creative ideas

32. Delta waves [0,4] Hz associated with deep sleep and in the awake state were thought to indicates physical defects in the brain.Characteristics of BrainwavesAlpha wave(8-13hz)-its indicates both a relaxed and attention mode of the brain.

33. Beta wave(13-30 hz)-it is the brain wave usually associated with activity thinking, active attention.CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAIN WAVESGamma waves-within 35Hz-it reflect the mechanism of consciousness.

34. Mu wave(8-12)hz –associated with Motor activity,Mu and alpha waves

35. Functionality of BCISteps for the function of BCI.1.user wired to a multi-electrode EEG skin cap, which is connected to a pc running BCI2000.2.user of the signal asked to generate a series of signals.3.EEG potential record and analyze the signal4.the software attempt to match these signal to previous recorded signals.5.at last identified words are wrapped on output devices like-screen or speech synthesizer.

36. Risk factors and alternate solutionUndergone through hurdle brain surgery.

37. New surgery for each up gradation

38. Risky and complicated eyes surgery.

39. Use wearable computing devices.

40. External device is good option.

41. Glasses and Lasik operation is best options.Current ProjectsBerlin Brain-Computer-InterfaceJoint Venture of several German research organisationsSupported by the Ministry of Education and ResearchGraz Brain-Computer-InterfaceWide range of research topicsImpressive combination of BCI and FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation)

42. Future WorkVirtual Reality Bluesense,Sniff modeBluesense, Security

43. ConclusionsDistributed framework

44. Controlling the Breakout video game through brain signals

45. BluesenseAD  No ribbon cable

46. Acceptable delay, sampling frequency

47. Reliable

48. Robust

49. Game Server Application

50. TCP support

51. Simplicity

52. Video Game

53. Suitable for BCI experiment

54. Can be run on Java-enabled handsetsREFERENCES [1] IEEE Xplorer Digital Library website(Through SJCE Server) http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore [2] Wikipedia - internet encyclopediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-computer_interface

55. Any Questions..…?

56. Thank You……