The document provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCI), highlighting their potential to enable direct communication between the brain and devices for disabled individuals. It discusses various types of BCIs, their functioning, clinical trials, advantages, and challenges, including the need for better sensor technology. Future developments in BCI may include wireless implants and mind-controlled systems, with a transformative impact on the lives of paralyzed patients.

1. BY : D. PAVAN KUMAR (12E51A0439)
HITAM
Under the Esteemed guidance of
Mr Vinod Kumar Ahuja, M.Tech,
Assistant Professor.
Department of ECE.

2. ABSTRACT:
• The human brain is of the size of a deflated volleyball
which weighs about 3 pounds. We live at a time when the
disabled are on the leading edge of a broader societal
trend toward the use of assistive technology known as
Brain Computer Interface.
• Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a collaboration between
a brain and a device that enables signals from the brain to
direct some external activity, such as control of a cursor or
a prosthetic limb.

3. • The interface enables a direct communications
pathway between the brain and the object to be
controlled with the advent of miniature wireless
tech, electronic gadgets have stepped up the invasion
of the body through innovative techniques.

4. WHAT IS BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
• Brain Computer Interface is a direct technological
interface between a brain & a computer system not
requires a motor output from the user.
• It is also known as Direct Neural Interface (DNI) &
Brain – Machine Interface (BMI).
• Brain-computer interface is an electrode chip which
can be implemented in the brain through
surgical procedure.

5. • When it is implemented in brain
the electrical signal exchanged by
neurons within the brain are sent to the
computer and then the computer is
controlled by person.

6. PRINCIPLE OF BCI :
• This technology is based on to sense, transmit, analyze
and apply the language of neurons.
• It consist of a sensor that is implanted in the motor cortex
of the brain and a device that analyses brain signals.
• The signals generated by brain are interpreted and
translated into cursor movement on computer screen to
control the computer.
• It consists of a silicon array about the size of an Aspirin
tablet that contains about 100 electrodes each thinner
than a human hair.

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BCI SYSTEM

8. OBJECTIVES OF BCI
• The goal of the Brain-Computer Interface is to develop a
fast and reliable connection between the brain of a
severely disabled person and a personal computer .
• The ‘Brain Gate’ device can provide paralysed or motor-
impaired patients a mode of communication through the
translation of thought into direct computer control.

9. HOW BCI WORKS
Electrode
Human brain

10. BCI VERSUS NEUROPROSTHETICS
• Neuroprosthetics typically connect the nervous system
to a device, whereas BCIs usually connect the nervous
system with a computer system.
• Practical neuroprosthetics can be linked to any part of
the nervous system for example, peripheral nerves.
• While the term "BCI" usually designates a narrower
class of systems which interface with the central
nervous system.

11. TYPES OF BCI’S
• Invasive BCI :
Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey matter of the brain
during neurosurgery.
• Non Invasive BCI :
Non-Invasive BCIs do not involve neurosurgery. They are just like
wearable virtual reality devices.
• Partially Invasive BCI :
Partially invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the skull but rest
outside the brain rather than within the grey matter.

12. BCI RESEARCH ON ANIMALS
• At first, rats were implanted with BCI .
• Signals recorded from the cerebral cortex of rat operate BCI to
carry out the movement.
• Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had demonstrated on a
monkey that can feed itself with a robotic arm simply by using
signals from its brain.

13. BCI ON HUMANS
• In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface had been clinically
tested on a human by an American biotech company Cyberkinetics.
• The first participant in these trials was a 25-year-old man who had
sustained a spinal cord injury leading to paralysis in all four limbs.
• Over a period of nine months, he took part in 57 sessions during which
the implanted Brain Gate sensor recorded activity in his motor cortex
region while he imagined moving his paralyzed limbs and then used that
imagined motion for several computer-based tasks such as, moving a
computer cursor to open e-mail, draw shapes and play simple video
games.

15. ADVANTAGES OF BCI
• This technology allows paralyzed people to control prosthetic
limbs with their mind.
• This transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person,
allowing them to see and also transmit auditory data to the
mind of a deaf person, allowing them to hear.
• This Technology allows gamers to control video games with
their minds.
• This also allows a mute person to have their thoughts
displayed and spoken by a computer.

16. DISADVANTAGES
• At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI technology is the lack of
sensor modality that provides safe, accurate, and robust access to brain
signals.
• The current technology is crude and very expensive.
• Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from
the brain and Information transformation rate is limited to 20 bits/min.
• Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.

17. FUTURE SCOPE
• Wireless implants In brain.
• Injectable implants.
• Brain to brain communication.
• Decode non-motor brain signals.
• Researchers of the Carleton University , Canada believe that the same
interface could form the basis of a mind-controlled password system.

18. CONCLUSION
• The results of BCI are spectacular and almost unbelievable.
• BCI can help paralyzed people to move by controlling their own electric
wheelchairs, to communicate by using e-mail and Internet-based
phone systems, and to be independent by controlling items such as
televisions and electrical appliances.
• Conclusively, BCI has proved to be a boon for paralyzed patients.
• Futurists predict that superhuman artificial intelligence won't be far
behind.

19. ANY QUERIES

20. THANK YOU