This document provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). It begins with an introduction defining BCI as a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device. It then discusses the history of BCI research from the 1920s to present day. The document explains how BCI systems work through signal acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. It describes invasive and non-invasive BCI types and some of their applications in fields like medicine, education and games. The advantages of BCI are its precision and potential benefits to quality of life. However, current BCI technology also has disadvantages like inaccuracy and ethical issues regarding reading thoughts.

1. PRESENTED BY
JEETESH PRADHAN
MCA 4TH SEMSETER
REGD NO -1851020002
GUIDED BY
MR. MANAS KUMAR NANDA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF COMPUTER
APPLICATION

2. OVERVIEW
Introduction
 History
 How brain computer interface works?
 BCI control system
 Types of BCI
 Application
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
 It is the study of brain functions.
 A collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a mechanical device.
 Direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device.
 Thus BCI extracts electro-physical signals from suitable components of the
brain and process them to generate control signals for computers, robotic
machines or communication devices.
 “ A Brain-Computer Interface is a communication system that do not depend
on peripheral nerves and muscles “

4. HISTORY
1924: Hans Berger discovers the EEG Analyses the interrelation of
EEG and brain diseases.
 1970: First developments to use brain waves as input.
 ARPA has vision of enhanced human First step in the right direction.
 1990: First successful experiments with monkeys.
 Implanting electrode arrays into monkey brains , recording of
monkeys, brain waves.
 2000: Monkeys control robots by thoughts.
 More non-invasive than invasive approaches Brain reading by eg.
EEG, MEG or fMRI .
 2004: First human benefits from research.

5. HOW BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE WORKS ?

7. BCI Control SystemBasic components of BCI:
Signal acquisition
 Signal pre-processing
 Feature extraction
Classification
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A BCI
SYSTEM

8. TYPES OF BCI
Invasive BCI: implant electrodes directly onto a patient’s brain.
Non-Invasive: implant medical scanning devices to read brain signals.

9. INVASIVE BCI
 Brain is made out of
neurons .
 Brain detects and translates
the signal of brain to
tangible action .
 Same principle different
clearness .
 More accurate signal
detection from invasive
BCI.

10. NON-INVASIVE
 Invasive BCI devices are
implanted inside the skull but
rest outside the brain rather than
within the grey matter.
 They produce better resolution
signals than non-invasive BCIs.
 Partially invasive BCIs have less
risk of scar tissue formation
when compared to Invasive
BCI.

11. APPLICATION
 Brain computer interface have contributed in various fields of
research.
 As briefed in they are involved in such as:
 Medical.
 Neuroergonomics and smart environment .
Neuromarketing and advertisement.
 Educational and self-regulation.
 Games and entertainment .
Security and authentication fields.

12. ADVANTAGES
 BCI will helps to creating a direct
communication between a human or a
animal brain’s and computer.
 Also its provide better living more features
,more advancement in technologies etc.
 High precision(can be used reliably)
 Low bandwidth.

13. DISADVANTAGES
Research in to BCIs at the moment is at a fairly basic level
considering the complexity of the problem.
BCIs are currently fairly inaccurate in terms of classifying neural
activity.
BCIs placed outside of the skull have a limited ability to read brain
signals.
They can be placed under the skull, but this requires pretty drastic
surgery.
Reading people's inner thoughts comes with a massive amount of
ethical issues.

14. CONCLUSION
 BCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm shift in areas like
Machine Control, Human Enhancement, Virtual reality and etc. So, it’s
potentially high impact technology.
 Several potential applications of BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and
improving performance, such as treating emotional disorders (for example,
depression or anxiety), easing chronic pain, and overcoming movement
disabilities due to stroke.
Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon.

15. REFERENCES
• www.google.com
• www.Wikipedia.org

16. ANY QUERIES