The document discusses Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFETs) as a promising alternative to MOSFETs for low power applications. TFETs use band-to-band tunneling as the switching mechanism instead of thermionic emission like in MOSFETs, allowing TFETs to achieve subthreshold slopes lower than 60 mV/decade. The document reviews different TFET structures that have been proposed over time, including heterojunction TFETs that use different materials for the source and channel to facilitate band-to-band tunneling. TFETs are seen as important for continued device scaling as they can help reduce static and dynamic power consumption compared to conventional MOSFETs.
The document discusses tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) as a potential next-generation transistor technology. It presents a simulation comparing an InAs homojunction TFET to an NMOS transistor. The simulation shows the TFET has superior subthreshold swing and on/off ratio compared to the NMOS, though the NMOS has higher power. The TFET operates via band-to-band tunneling rather than thermal injection like in traditional transistors.
Analytical Modeling of Tunneling Field Effect Transistor (TFET)Abu Obayda
1. The document discusses the analytical modeling of tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs). TFETs are devices that can switch between on and off states at low voltages compared to MOSFETs.
2. TFETs operate using the principle of band-to-band tunneling, allowing for a steeper subthreshold slope than MOSFETs. However, TFETs currently have low drive currents that require further research to make them suitable for practical applications.
3. The document examines equations and parameters for calculating the drain current in TFETs and investigating the effects of channel length and gate voltage on this current. It also outlines some benefits and limitations of TFETs.
The document discusses MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). It provides information on:
1) The structure of MOSFETs including typical dimensions of the gate length and width. It operates by using a voltage applied to the gate to control the conductivity between the drain and source.
2) The operation of n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs. In an n-channel MOSFET, applying a positive voltage to the gate creates an n-type inversion channel between the source and drain allowing current to flow.
3) Biasing techniques for MOSFET amplifiers including fixing the gate voltage, connecting a resistor in the source,
Introduction to SILVACO and MOSFET Simulation techniqueMd Majharul Islam
The document discusses simulation of MOSFETs using SILVACO TCAD software. It provides an overview of SILVACO and the process and device simulation capabilities. The document then walks through the steps of simulating a MOSFET fabrication process using ATHENA and defining the materials and doping steps. It describes analyzing the fabricated device using ATLAS to extract characteristics and define contacts before discussing plans to simulate additional devices by varying parameters.
This document discusses junctionless transistors as an alternative to traditional transistors. Junctionless transistors have no p-n junctions and instead use uniformly doped semiconductor material. They offer advantages like simpler fabrication without implantation or annealing steps, reduced short channel effects, higher carrier mobility, and lower leakage current. However, they can have greater threshold voltage variability than conventional transistors. The document provides details on the structure and operation of junctionless transistors, comparing them to traditional transistors and discussing their potential to enable further device miniaturization.
This document discusses photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). PCFs are composed of nanostructures that affect photon propagation through periodic refractive indices, similar to how semiconductor crystals affect electron motion. PCFs can guide light through two mechanisms: index guiding and photonic bandgap guiding. They have properties like endless single mode operation, large mode areas, and tunable dispersion. Special PCFs include double core fibers, highly birefringent fibers, and hollow core bandgap fibers. PCFs offer advantages over standard fibers like flexibility in core size and wavelengths used. Challenges include difficult fabrication and limited operating frequencies.
The document discusses the hybrid or h-parameters model of bipolar junction transistors. It provides notations and equations for the key h-parameters, including input impedance (h11), forward current gain (h21), reverse voltage transfer ratio (h12), and output admittance (h22). It also describes how to calculate the h-parameters from transistor static characteristics and the advantages of the h-parameter model for circuit analysis and design.
This document summarizes several methods for fabricating optical fibers, including glass, plastic, and photonic crystal fibers. The key steps in optical fiber fabrication are producing a preform, drawing fibers from the preform, and applying coatings. Common preform fabrication techniques described are outside vapor-phase oxidation, vapor-phase axial deposition, and modified chemical vapor deposition. The document also provides brief overviews of plastic and photonic crystal fiber properties.
The document discusses tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) as a potential next-generation transistor technology. It presents a simulation comparing an InAs homojunction TFET to an NMOS transistor. The simulation shows the TFET has superior subthreshold swing and on/off ratio compared to the NMOS, though the NMOS has higher power. The TFET operates via band-to-band tunneling rather than thermal injection like in traditional transistors.
Analytical Modeling of Tunneling Field Effect Transistor (TFET)Abu Obayda
1. The document discusses the analytical modeling of tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs). TFETs are devices that can switch between on and off states at low voltages compared to MOSFETs.
2. TFETs operate using the principle of band-to-band tunneling, allowing for a steeper subthreshold slope than MOSFETs. However, TFETs currently have low drive currents that require further research to make them suitable for practical applications.
3. The document examines equations and parameters for calculating the drain current in TFETs and investigating the effects of channel length and gate voltage on this current. It also outlines some benefits and limitations of TFETs.
The document discusses MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). It provides information on:
1) The structure of MOSFETs including typical dimensions of the gate length and width. It operates by using a voltage applied to the gate to control the conductivity between the drain and source.
2) The operation of n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs. In an n-channel MOSFET, applying a positive voltage to the gate creates an n-type inversion channel between the source and drain allowing current to flow.
3) Biasing techniques for MOSFET amplifiers including fixing the gate voltage, connecting a resistor in the source,
Introduction to SILVACO and MOSFET Simulation techniqueMd Majharul Islam
The document discusses simulation of MOSFETs using SILVACO TCAD software. It provides an overview of SILVACO and the process and device simulation capabilities. The document then walks through the steps of simulating a MOSFET fabrication process using ATHENA and defining the materials and doping steps. It describes analyzing the fabricated device using ATLAS to extract characteristics and define contacts before discussing plans to simulate additional devices by varying parameters.
This document discusses junctionless transistors as an alternative to traditional transistors. Junctionless transistors have no p-n junctions and instead use uniformly doped semiconductor material. They offer advantages like simpler fabrication without implantation or annealing steps, reduced short channel effects, higher carrier mobility, and lower leakage current. However, they can have greater threshold voltage variability than conventional transistors. The document provides details on the structure and operation of junctionless transistors, comparing them to traditional transistors and discussing their potential to enable further device miniaturization.
This document discusses photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). PCFs are composed of nanostructures that affect photon propagation through periodic refractive indices, similar to how semiconductor crystals affect electron motion. PCFs can guide light through two mechanisms: index guiding and photonic bandgap guiding. They have properties like endless single mode operation, large mode areas, and tunable dispersion. Special PCFs include double core fibers, highly birefringent fibers, and hollow core bandgap fibers. PCFs offer advantages over standard fibers like flexibility in core size and wavelengths used. Challenges include difficult fabrication and limited operating frequencies.
The document discusses the hybrid or h-parameters model of bipolar junction transistors. It provides notations and equations for the key h-parameters, including input impedance (h11), forward current gain (h21), reverse voltage transfer ratio (h12), and output admittance (h22). It also describes how to calculate the h-parameters from transistor static characteristics and the advantages of the h-parameter model for circuit analysis and design.
This document summarizes several methods for fabricating optical fibers, including glass, plastic, and photonic crystal fibers. The key steps in optical fiber fabrication are producing a preform, drawing fibers from the preform, and applying coatings. Common preform fabrication techniques described are outside vapor-phase oxidation, vapor-phase axial deposition, and modified chemical vapor deposition. The document also provides brief overviews of plastic and photonic crystal fiber properties.
Photodetectors convert optical signals to electrical signals and are the fundamental component of optical receivers. The most common photodetectors are photodiodes, which come in PIN and avalanche photodiode (APD) varieties. PIN photodiodes simply convert light to current, while APDs provide internal gain through impact ionization but introduce excess noise. Key requirements for photodetectors include sensitivity at desired wavelengths, fast response time, low noise, and insensitivity to temperature.
The document discusses techniques for measuring resistivity and mapping resistivity variations across semiconductor wafers. It begins by defining resistivity and listing typical resistivity values for different materials. It then describes two common measurement techniques: two-point probe and four-point probe. Four-point probe is more accurate as it eliminates lead and contact resistance. Factors that affect measurement accuracy like sample size, carrier injection, and probe spacing are also covered. The document concludes by explaining techniques for wafer mapping like double implant, modulated photoreflectance, and optical densitometry.
This document summarizes key aspects of PIN photodiodes. It describes the physical principles of how PIN photodiodes operate by separating photo-generated carriers across a reverse-biased junction to produce a photocurrent. It also discusses photodiode characteristics like quantum efficiency and responsivity. Additionally, it covers noise sources in photodetector circuits including quantum, dark current, leakage current, and thermal noise. The document also examines photodiode response time and how the junction capacitance and absorption coefficient impact the rise and fall times. Finally, it compares different PIN photodiode structures like front vs rear illuminated and diffused vs mesa etched designs.
LED and LASER source in optical communicationbhupender rawat
The document discusses LEDs, lasers, and their use in optical fiber communication. It provides introductions to LEDs and lasers, explaining how they work by converting electrical energy into light. LEDs are suitable for optical fiber due to their small size, high radiance, ability to modulate at high speeds, and long lifetime. Lasers provide more directional, coherent light and are used where higher performance is needed, allowing transmission over greater distances and higher data rates. Both LEDs and lasers can be used to inject light signals into optical fibers for communication.
Losses in optical fibers include attenuation from absorption and scattering, as well as dispersion effects. Attenuation is caused by absorption of light energy through heating of impurities in the fiber, resulting in a loss of optical power over length. Dispersion causes pulse broadening and occurs from intermodal and intramodal effects such as material and waveguide dispersion. An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) can be used to detect faults, splices, and bends in fibers by emitting light pulses and measuring backscattered light over time to map reflections in the fiber.
Optical switches enable signals in optical fibers or integrated optical circuits to be selectively switched from one circuit to another. They operate using mechanical means such as physically shifting fibers, or electro-optic, magneto-optic, or other methods. Optical switches can be slow, for alternate routing around faults, or fast, for logic operations using electro-optic or magneto-optic effects. Optical networks transmit data digitally as light through connected fiber strands and include SDH/SONET, opaque, partially transparent, and all-optical networks. All-optical networks perform all operations and functions optically without opto-electronics conversion.
There are four main methods of transistor biasing: base resistor method, emitter bias method, biasing with collector feedback resistor, and voltage-divider bias method. The document then focuses on explaining the base resistor method and voltage-divider bias method in more detail. For the base resistor method, a resistor is used to provide base current, but it has poor stability. For the voltage-divider bias method, two resistors are used to provide stable biasing of the transistor by controlling the base-emitter voltage. This method is widely used due to its stability from the emitter resistor preventing changes in collector current.
Here are the all short channel effects that you require.It consist of:-
Drain Induced Barrier Lowering
Hot electron Effect
Impact Ionization
Surface Scattering
Velocity saturation
This document discusses switched-capacitor circuits. It begins by introducing the concept of using switched capacitors to emulate resistors and implement functions like integration. It then provides examples of basic switched-capacitor circuits like integrators. It discusses issues like noise and non-ideal effects in switched-capacitor circuits. It also provides examples of applications that use switched-capacitor circuits, such as filters, sigma-delta modulators, and pipelined ADCs.
This document discusses advanced MOSFET architectures and their advantages over traditional bulk MOSFETs. It describes issues with bulk MOSFETs like short channel effects and proposes solutions like multi-gate architectures and high-k dielectrics. Specifically, it examines double-gate MOSFETs, tri-gate MOSFETs, gate-all-around MOSFETs, SOI MOSFETs, FinFETs, and tunnel FETs, outlining their characteristics and benefits over other designs for low power electronics applications.
The document discusses a presentation given by Ashish Kumar Singh on his research investigating heterojunction silicon-on-insulator tunnel field effect transistors. The presentation outline includes an introduction discussing challenges with MOSFET scaling, the history and state-of-the-art of TFET research, the basic structure and operation of TFETs, investigations of Ge-source/Si strained SOI TFETs, a proposed Ge-source SOI TFET with oxide overlap, analytical modeling of the proposed device, conclusions and future work.
Band pass filter is defined in informative way so any one get knowledge from it and its basics also the multisim simulation circuit is present in slides if any one want then he/she will contact through mail or linkedin account.
The document discusses different types of analog to digital converters (ADCs). It describes 6 main types - counter/ramp ADC, tracking ADC, successive approximation ADC, flash ADC, delta-sigma ADC, and dual slope integrating ADC. For each type it provides a brief overview of the operating principle and block diagram. It also discusses important ADC specifications and parameters such as resolution, quantization error, dynamic range, signal to noise ratio, aperture delay etc.
This document discusses channel length modulation in MOSFETs. It explains that in saturation, the channel length decreases with increasing drain voltage due to the depletion region extending farther into the channel. This effectively reduces the channel length and increases the drain current. The document derives an expression for drain current that includes a channel length modulation coefficient to model this effect, showing that current increases with higher drain voltages due to the reduced channel length.
The document discusses types of field effect transistors (FETs), focusing on metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs). It describes the basic structure and operation of n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs, including how applying a positive or negative voltage to the gate allows current to flow between the source and drain by creating an electron or hole channel. It also covers key characteristics like the I-V curve and threshold voltage. Finally, it discusses challenges to scaling MOSFETs further and new materials needed like high-k dielectrics to replace the silicon dioxide gate oxide.
Avalanche photodiode & there bandwidthSHARMAGOLU
This document discusses avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and their bandwidth. It begins by introducing APDs and explaining that they operate under reverse bias and use the photoelectric effect to convert light to electrical signals. It then explains that APDs use avalanche multiplication to provide gain but also increase noise. The document discusses how APD structure, doping levels, and applied voltages impact depletion width, capacitance, transit time, and ultimately bandwidth. It notes that while APDs provide high sensitivity and speed, they also require high operating voltages and exhibit higher noise levels than PIN photodiodes. The document concludes by listing some applications that benefit from APDs' gain, such as laser range finders, data communication receivers,
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the various dispersion mechanisms that are observed in optical fibers. Some fundamental terms and concepts are also discussed. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
This presentation discusses MOSFET scaling and its challenges. It begins by covering Moore's Law, which states that the number of transistors on a chip doubles every 18 months. As sizes shrink due to scaling, short channel effects like drain-induced barrier lowering and hot carrier effects emerge. The presentation covers two types of scaling: constant field scaling, which keeps electric fields constant but increases power density; and constant voltage scaling, which is preferred as it avoids increased power density but reduces threshold voltage. Narrow width effects also occur when channel widths shrink and depletion regions overlap. Overall, the presentation provides an overview of MOSFET scaling techniques and the short channel effects that emerge as sizes shrink.
Analysis of pocket double gate tunnel fet for low stand by power logic circuitsVLSICS Design
This document analyzes and compares the pocket double gate tunnel FET (DGTFET) and MOSFET for use in low standby power logic circuits. Simulation results show that the pocket DGTFET has lower leakage current than the MOSFET. A pocket DGTFET inverter is designed in 32nm technology with a supply voltage of 0.6V. The pocket DGTFET inverter has significantly lower leakage power of 0.116pW compared to 1.83pW for a multi-threshold CMOS inverter. Therefore, the pocket DGTFET is well-suited to replace the MOSFET for low standby power applications.
This document discusses the design and analysis of SRAM cells using tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) for ultralow-voltage operation. It analyzes the characteristics of TFET devices that impact SRAM performance, such as delayed saturation and broad crossover regions. Several published TFET SRAM cell designs are evaluated using technology computer-aided design simulations. The simulations show that the unidirectional conduction of TFETs degrades write stability. A novel 7-transistor driverless TFET SRAM cell is proposed to improve read, write, and hold stability through decoupled read paths and asymmetrical write-assist techniques.
Photodetectors convert optical signals to electrical signals and are the fundamental component of optical receivers. The most common photodetectors are photodiodes, which come in PIN and avalanche photodiode (APD) varieties. PIN photodiodes simply convert light to current, while APDs provide internal gain through impact ionization but introduce excess noise. Key requirements for photodetectors include sensitivity at desired wavelengths, fast response time, low noise, and insensitivity to temperature.
The document discusses techniques for measuring resistivity and mapping resistivity variations across semiconductor wafers. It begins by defining resistivity and listing typical resistivity values for different materials. It then describes two common measurement techniques: two-point probe and four-point probe. Four-point probe is more accurate as it eliminates lead and contact resistance. Factors that affect measurement accuracy like sample size, carrier injection, and probe spacing are also covered. The document concludes by explaining techniques for wafer mapping like double implant, modulated photoreflectance, and optical densitometry.
This document summarizes key aspects of PIN photodiodes. It describes the physical principles of how PIN photodiodes operate by separating photo-generated carriers across a reverse-biased junction to produce a photocurrent. It also discusses photodiode characteristics like quantum efficiency and responsivity. Additionally, it covers noise sources in photodetector circuits including quantum, dark current, leakage current, and thermal noise. The document also examines photodiode response time and how the junction capacitance and absorption coefficient impact the rise and fall times. Finally, it compares different PIN photodiode structures like front vs rear illuminated and diffused vs mesa etched designs.
LED and LASER source in optical communicationbhupender rawat
The document discusses LEDs, lasers, and their use in optical fiber communication. It provides introductions to LEDs and lasers, explaining how they work by converting electrical energy into light. LEDs are suitable for optical fiber due to their small size, high radiance, ability to modulate at high speeds, and long lifetime. Lasers provide more directional, coherent light and are used where higher performance is needed, allowing transmission over greater distances and higher data rates. Both LEDs and lasers can be used to inject light signals into optical fibers for communication.
Losses in optical fibers include attenuation from absorption and scattering, as well as dispersion effects. Attenuation is caused by absorption of light energy through heating of impurities in the fiber, resulting in a loss of optical power over length. Dispersion causes pulse broadening and occurs from intermodal and intramodal effects such as material and waveguide dispersion. An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) can be used to detect faults, splices, and bends in fibers by emitting light pulses and measuring backscattered light over time to map reflections in the fiber.
Optical switches enable signals in optical fibers or integrated optical circuits to be selectively switched from one circuit to another. They operate using mechanical means such as physically shifting fibers, or electro-optic, magneto-optic, or other methods. Optical switches can be slow, for alternate routing around faults, or fast, for logic operations using electro-optic or magneto-optic effects. Optical networks transmit data digitally as light through connected fiber strands and include SDH/SONET, opaque, partially transparent, and all-optical networks. All-optical networks perform all operations and functions optically without opto-electronics conversion.
There are four main methods of transistor biasing: base resistor method, emitter bias method, biasing with collector feedback resistor, and voltage-divider bias method. The document then focuses on explaining the base resistor method and voltage-divider bias method in more detail. For the base resistor method, a resistor is used to provide base current, but it has poor stability. For the voltage-divider bias method, two resistors are used to provide stable biasing of the transistor by controlling the base-emitter voltage. This method is widely used due to its stability from the emitter resistor preventing changes in collector current.
Here are the all short channel effects that you require.It consist of:-
Drain Induced Barrier Lowering
Hot electron Effect
Impact Ionization
Surface Scattering
Velocity saturation
This document discusses switched-capacitor circuits. It begins by introducing the concept of using switched capacitors to emulate resistors and implement functions like integration. It then provides examples of basic switched-capacitor circuits like integrators. It discusses issues like noise and non-ideal effects in switched-capacitor circuits. It also provides examples of applications that use switched-capacitor circuits, such as filters, sigma-delta modulators, and pipelined ADCs.
This document discusses advanced MOSFET architectures and their advantages over traditional bulk MOSFETs. It describes issues with bulk MOSFETs like short channel effects and proposes solutions like multi-gate architectures and high-k dielectrics. Specifically, it examines double-gate MOSFETs, tri-gate MOSFETs, gate-all-around MOSFETs, SOI MOSFETs, FinFETs, and tunnel FETs, outlining their characteristics and benefits over other designs for low power electronics applications.
The document discusses a presentation given by Ashish Kumar Singh on his research investigating heterojunction silicon-on-insulator tunnel field effect transistors. The presentation outline includes an introduction discussing challenges with MOSFET scaling, the history and state-of-the-art of TFET research, the basic structure and operation of TFETs, investigations of Ge-source/Si strained SOI TFETs, a proposed Ge-source SOI TFET with oxide overlap, analytical modeling of the proposed device, conclusions and future work.
Band pass filter is defined in informative way so any one get knowledge from it and its basics also the multisim simulation circuit is present in slides if any one want then he/she will contact through mail or linkedin account.
The document discusses different types of analog to digital converters (ADCs). It describes 6 main types - counter/ramp ADC, tracking ADC, successive approximation ADC, flash ADC, delta-sigma ADC, and dual slope integrating ADC. For each type it provides a brief overview of the operating principle and block diagram. It also discusses important ADC specifications and parameters such as resolution, quantization error, dynamic range, signal to noise ratio, aperture delay etc.
This document discusses channel length modulation in MOSFETs. It explains that in saturation, the channel length decreases with increasing drain voltage due to the depletion region extending farther into the channel. This effectively reduces the channel length and increases the drain current. The document derives an expression for drain current that includes a channel length modulation coefficient to model this effect, showing that current increases with higher drain voltages due to the reduced channel length.
The document discusses types of field effect transistors (FETs), focusing on metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs). It describes the basic structure and operation of n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs, including how applying a positive or negative voltage to the gate allows current to flow between the source and drain by creating an electron or hole channel. It also covers key characteristics like the I-V curve and threshold voltage. Finally, it discusses challenges to scaling MOSFETs further and new materials needed like high-k dielectrics to replace the silicon dioxide gate oxide.
Avalanche photodiode & there bandwidthSHARMAGOLU
This document discusses avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and their bandwidth. It begins by introducing APDs and explaining that they operate under reverse bias and use the photoelectric effect to convert light to electrical signals. It then explains that APDs use avalanche multiplication to provide gain but also increase noise. The document discusses how APD structure, doping levels, and applied voltages impact depletion width, capacitance, transit time, and ultimately bandwidth. It notes that while APDs provide high sensitivity and speed, they also require high operating voltages and exhibit higher noise levels than PIN photodiodes. The document concludes by listing some applications that benefit from APDs' gain, such as laser range finders, data communication receivers,
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the various dispersion mechanisms that are observed in optical fibers. Some fundamental terms and concepts are also discussed. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
This presentation discusses MOSFET scaling and its challenges. It begins by covering Moore's Law, which states that the number of transistors on a chip doubles every 18 months. As sizes shrink due to scaling, short channel effects like drain-induced barrier lowering and hot carrier effects emerge. The presentation covers two types of scaling: constant field scaling, which keeps electric fields constant but increases power density; and constant voltage scaling, which is preferred as it avoids increased power density but reduces threshold voltage. Narrow width effects also occur when channel widths shrink and depletion regions overlap. Overall, the presentation provides an overview of MOSFET scaling techniques and the short channel effects that emerge as sizes shrink.
Analysis of pocket double gate tunnel fet for low stand by power logic circuitsVLSICS Design
This document analyzes and compares the pocket double gate tunnel FET (DGTFET) and MOSFET for use in low standby power logic circuits. Simulation results show that the pocket DGTFET has lower leakage current than the MOSFET. A pocket DGTFET inverter is designed in 32nm technology with a supply voltage of 0.6V. The pocket DGTFET inverter has significantly lower leakage power of 0.116pW compared to 1.83pW for a multi-threshold CMOS inverter. Therefore, the pocket DGTFET is well-suited to replace the MOSFET for low standby power applications.
This document discusses the design and analysis of SRAM cells using tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) for ultralow-voltage operation. It analyzes the characteristics of TFET devices that impact SRAM performance, such as delayed saturation and broad crossover regions. Several published TFET SRAM cell designs are evaluated using technology computer-aided design simulations. The simulations show that the unidirectional conduction of TFETs degrades write stability. A novel 7-transistor driverless TFET SRAM cell is proposed to improve read, write, and hold stability through decoupled read paths and asymmetrical write-assist techniques.
The document summarizes new developments in planar power MOSFET technology that aim to improve efficiency in DC-DC converters. A new planar power JBSFET architecture increases efficiency by dramatically improving the figure-of-merit of on-resistance and gate-drain charge and integrating a maximum current rated Schottky diode within the power MOSFET cells to clamp the parasitic body diode. This helps address limitations in sync-buck converter performance that have hindered achieving desired power delivery to microprocessors with reasonable efficiency.
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE CONTROL SCHEMES IN FINFETSVLSICS Design
Conventionally polysilicon is used in MOSFETs for gate material. Doping of polysilicon and thus changing the workfunction is carried out to change the threshold voltage. Additionally polysilicon is not favourable as gate material for smaller dimensional devices because of its high thermal budget process and degradation due to the depletion of the doped polysilicon, thus metal gate is preferred over polysilicon. Control of workfunction in metal gate is a challenging task. The use of metal alloys as gate materials for variable gate workfunction has been already reported in literature. In this work various threshold voltage techniques has been analyzed and a novel aligned dual metal gate technique is proposed for threshold voltage control in FinFETs.
Electrical characterization of si nanowire GAA-TFET based on dimensions downs...IJECEIAES
This research paper explains the effect of the dimensions of Gate-all-around Si nanowire tunneling field effect transistor (GAA Si-NW TFET) on ON/OFF current ratio, drain induces barrier lowering (DIBL), sub-threshold swing (SS), and threshold voltage (V T ). These parameters are critical factors of the characteristics of tunnel field effect transistors. The Silvaco TCAD has been used to study the electrical characteristics of Si-NW TFET. Output (gate voltage-drain current) characteristics with channel dimensions were simulated. Results show that 50nm long nanowires with 9nm-18nm diameter and 3nm oxide thickness tend to have the best nanowire tunnel field effect transistor (Si-NW TFET) characteristics.
Performance Evaluation of GaN Based Thin Film Transistor using TCAD Simulation IJECEIAES
As reported in past decades, gallium nitride as one of the most capable compound semiconductor, GaN-based high-electron mobility transistors are the focus of intense research activities in the area of high power, high-speed, and high-temperature transistors. In this paper we present a design and simulation of the GaN based thin film transistor using sentaurus TCAD for the extracting the electrical performance. The resulting GaN TFTs exhibits good electrical performance in the simulated results, including, a threshold voltage of 12-15 V, an on/off current ratio of 6.5×10 7 ~ 8.3×10 , and a subthreshold slope of 0.44V/dec. Sentaurus TCAD simulations is the tool which offers study of comprehensive behavior of semiconductor structures with ease. The simulation results of the TFT structure based on gallium nitride active channel have great prospective in the next-generation flat-panel display applications.
Performance Evaluation of GaN Based Thin Film Transistor using TCAD Simulation Yayah Zakaria
As reported in past decades, gallium nitride as one of the most capable compound semiconductor, GaN-based high-electron mobility transistors are the focus of intense research activities in the area of high power, high-speed, and high-temperature transistors. In this paper we present a design and simulation of the GaN based thin film transistor using sentaurus TCAD for
the extracting the electrical performance. The resulting GaN TFTs exhibits good electrical performance in the simulated results, including, a threshold voltage of 12-15 V, an on/off current ratio of 6.5×10 7 ~ 8.3×10 and a subthreshold slope
of 0.44V/dec. Sentaurus TCAD simulations is the tool which
offers study of comprehensive behavior of semiconductor structures with ease. The simulation results of the TFT structure based on gallium nitride active channel have great prospective in the next-generation flat-panel display applications.
IRJET- A Novel 5 Stage MTCNT Delay Line at 32nm Technology NodeIRJET Journal
The document describes a novel 5-stage delay line circuit using multi-threshold carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (MTCNTFETs) designed at a 32nm technology node. Simulation results show that the MTCNT delay line has a 97.45% reduction in propagation delay and a 99.2% reduction in average power consumption compared to an equivalent MTCMOS delay line. The MTCNT technique offers better performance than MTCMOS for delay lines by using carbon nanotubes instead of silicon, which enables further reductions in leakage current and power. A 5-stage MTCNT delay line circuit is presented and its operation explained, showing how it introduces delay between stages using NOT gates constructed from the MTC
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Impact of parameter variations and optimization on dg pnin tunnel fetVLSICS Design
The downscaling of conventional MOSFETs has come to its fundamental limits. TFETs are very attractive
devices for low power applications because of their low off-current and potential for smaller sub threshold
slope. In this paper, the impact of various parameter variations on the performance of a DG-PNIN Tunnel
field effect transistor is investigated. In this work, variations in gate oxide material, source doping, channel
doping, drain doping, pocket doping and body thickness are studied and all these parameters are optimized
as performance boosters to give better current characteristics parameters. After optimization with all these
performance boosters, the device has shown improved performance with increased on-current and reduced
threshold voltage and the Ion/Ioff ratio is > 106.
Operational transconductance amplifier-based comparator for high frequency a...IJECEIAES
Fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) based analog circuits are gaining importance over metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) based circuits with stability and high frequency operations. Comparator that forms the sub block of most of the analog circuits is designed using operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The OTA is designed using new design procedures and the comparator circuit is designed integrating the sub circuits with OTA. The building blocks of the comparator design such as input level shifter, differential pair with cascode stage and class AB amplifier for output swing are designed and integrated. Folded cascode circuit is used in the feedback path to maintain the common mode input value to a constant, so that the differential pair amplifies the differential signal. The gain of the comparator is achieved to be greater than 100 dB, with phase margin of 65°, common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of above 70 dB and output swing from rail to rail. The circuit provides unity gain bandwidth of 5 GHz and is suitable for high sampling rate data converter circuits.
DC performance analysis of a 20nm gate length n-type Silicon GAA junctionless...IJECEIAES
This summary provides the key details about the document in 3 sentences:
The document analyzes the DC performance of a 20nm gate length n-type silicon gate-all-around junctionless transistor using 3D quantum transport modeling. Simulation results show the device has a threshold voltage of 0.55V, subthreshold slope of 63mV/decade approaching the ideal value, an on/off current ratio of 10e+10, and a drain-induced barrier lowering of 98mV/V. Overall, the junctionless gate-all-around transistor shows improved short channel effects compared to an inversion-mode gate-all-around transistor.
Ground Bounce Noise Reduction in Vlsi CircuitsIJERA Editor
Scaling of devices in CMOS technology leads to increase in parameter like Ground bounce
noise, Leakage current, average power dissipation and short channel effect. FinFET are the promising substitute
to replace CMOS. Ground bounce noise is produced when power gating circuit goes from SLEEP to ACTIVE
mode transition. FinFET based designs are compared with MOSFET based designs on basis of different
parameter like Ground bounce noise, leakage current and average power dissipation. HSPICE is the software
tool used for simulation and circuit design.
Comparative Study of Materials for Low Voltage Organic and Inorganic Dielectr...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of materials used for organic field effect transistors (OFETs). It discusses the device structure and operating principles of OFETs. Both organic and inorganic dielectric materials are considered for use in OFETs, with the goal of low power consumption. Common p-type and n-type organic semiconductor materials used in OFETs are described, including small molecules like pentacene, rubrene, and fullerene, as well as polymers like P3HT and PBTTT. Key OFET parameters such as field effect mobility, threshold voltage, on/off current ratio, and subthreshold swing are also defined and their relationships to material properties are explained.
Performance Comparison of CMOS and Finfet Based Circuits At 45nm Technology U...IJERA Editor
According to the Moore’s Law, the number of transistors in a unit chip area double every two years. But the existing technology of integrated circuit formation is posing limitations to this law. CMOS technology shows certain limitations as the device is reduced more and more in the nanometer regime out of which power dissipation is an important issue. FinFET is evolving to be a promising technology in this regard. This paper aims to analyze and compare the characteristics of CMOS and FinFET circuits at 45nm technology. Inverter circuit is implemented in order to study the basic characteristics such as voltage transfer characteristics, leakage current and power dissipation. Further the efficiency of FinFET to reduce power as compared to CMOS is proved using SRAM circuit. The results show that the average power is reduced by 92.93% in read operation and by 97.8% in write operation.
A Study On Double Gate Field Effect Transistor For Area And Cost Efficiencypaperpublications3
Abstract: Proposal for a field effect transistor had been presented, with numerical device simulations to verify the title in every manner possible. The two transitional field effect transistors like pMOS and nMOS functions are simultaneously performed, working as one or as the other according to the voltage applied to the gate terminal. Increase in the circuit speed is observed when this technology is implemented on the device suggested with respect to the standard CMOS technology, presented a drastic reduction of number devices and associated parasitic capacitances. In addition to it IC obtained with the proposed device are fully compatible with the standard CMOS technology and the fabrication processes. Fabrication of Static Ram cells with three transistors only with minimum dimensions and a single bit line by saving silicon area and increasing the memory performance with respect to standard CMOS technologies. It is also presented that the fully compatible CMOS process can be used to successfully manufacture the new FET structure.
IRJET- Design of Voltage Controlled Oscillator in 180 nm CMOS TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of a 5-stage current starved CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in a 180nm CMOS technology. The VCO is designed for phase locked loop applications. Simulation results show the VCO has a tuning range of 81.85 MHz to 2.433 GHz by varying the control voltage from 0.5V to 4.5V. At a control voltage of 1.8V, the VCO operates at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz with a power consumption of 1.038 mW. A post-layout simulation is also performed to analyze the effects of parasitic capacitance and resistance on the VCO frequency and power consumption.
Geometric and process design of ultra-thin junctionless double gate vertical ...IJECEIAES
The junctionless MOSFET architectures appear to be attractive in realizing the Moore’s law prediction. In this paper, a comprehensive 2-D simulation on junctionless vertical double-gate MOSFET (JLDGVM) under geometric and process consideration was introduced in order to obtain excellent electrical characteristics. Geometrical designs such as channel length (Lch) and pillar thickness (Tp) were considered and the impact on the electrical performance was analyzed. The influence of doping concentration and metal gate work function (WF) were further investigated for achieving better performance. The results show that the shorter Lch can boost the drain current (ID) of n-JLDGVM and p-JLDGVM by approximately 68% and 70% respectively. The ID of the n-JLVDGM and p-JLVDGM could possibly boost up to 42% and 78% respectively as the Tp is scaled down from 11nm to 8nm. The channel doping (Nch) is also a critical parameter, affecting the electrical performance of both n-JLDGVM and p-JLDGVM in which 15% and 39% improvements are observed in their respective ID as the concentration level is increased from 1E18 to 9E18 atom/cm3. In addition, the adjustment of threshold voltage can be realized by varying the metal WF.
Design and Analysis of Power and Variability Aware Digital Summing CircuitIDES Editor
This document analyzes and compares different 1-bit digital summing circuit topologies in terms of their robustness against process, voltage, and temperature variations at the 22nm technology node. It finds that the transmission gate-based topology is the most robust, with the tightest spread in propagation delay, power dissipation, and energy-delay product. It then proposes a transmission gate-based digital summing circuit implemented using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors, which offers even greater robustness against PVT variations compared to an implementation using traditional MOSFETs.
Design & Performance Analysis of DG-MOSFET for Reduction of Short Channel Eff...IJERA Editor
An aggressive scaling of conventional MOSFETs channel length reduces below 100nm and gate oxide thickness below 3nm to improved performance and packaging density. Due to this scaling short channel effect (SCEs) like threshold voltage, Subthreshold slope, ON current and OFF current plays a major role in determining the performance of scaled devices. The double gate (DG) MOSFETS are electro-statically superior to a single gate (SG) MOSFET and allows for additional gate length scaling. Simulation work on both devices has been carried out and presented in paper. The comparative study had been carried out for threshold voltage (VT), Subthreshold slope (Sub VT), ION and IOFF Current. It is observed that DG MOSFET provide good control on leakage current over conventional Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET. The VT (Threshold Voltage) is 2.7 times greater than & ION of DG MOSFET is 2.2 times smaller than the conventional Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET.
Similar to Review on Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFET) (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.