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International Journal of
Prevention & Control of
Industrial Pollution
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Jul–Dec 2016
IJPCIP

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International Journal of Prevention and
Control of Industrial Pollution
International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution provide its readers with a swift yet
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on recent advancement in technologies like sustainable industrial design, remediation techniques,
wastewater quality indicators and other related fields. Journal is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes
original research articles both experimental and theoretical, review articles and relevant short
communications.
Focus and Scope oftheJournal
 Limitationof emissionsofvolatileorganiccompounds
 Industrialchemicaldischarges
 API oil-waterseparators
 Biofilters
 Dissolved airflotation
 Powderedactivatedcarbontreatment
 Ultrafiltration
 Activatedsludgebiotreaters
 Wastewaterqualityindicators
 Sustainableindustrialdesign
 Remediationtechnologies
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Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Deepika Bhadauria
Rekha Rani
Commissioning Editors
Dr. Chhavi Goel
Manisha Dhoble

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Ajay Singh
Department of Chemistry & Environmental
Science, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Prof. C. V. Subrahmanyam
Department of Chemical Engineering, RVR &
JC College of Engineering (Autonomous),
Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Faiyazalam Mahmadsaiyad Shaikh
Navnirman Science College, Surat,
Gujarat, India
Dr. Gengan Saravanan
Department of Chemistry, Central University
of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Goutam Banerjee
Department of Civil & Env. Engrg, The
University of The West Indies St. Augustine,
Trinidad and Tobago
Dr. Indu Singh
Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian
University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Jayanta Kumar Biswas
Department of Ecological Engineering &
Environmental Management, International
Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of
Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
Dr. Jayanta Kumar Biswas
Department of Ecological Engineering &
Environmental Management, International
Centre for Ecological Engineering, University
of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
Dr. Kalyan Das
GE Power and Water in Industrial Water
Treatment Processes, J F Welch Technology
Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Dr. M. S. Mating
School of Engineering and Technology,
WBUT, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Dr. P. K. Khatua
Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia,
West Bengal, India
Dr. Parin Shah
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Institute of Technology, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Dr. Pramendra Kumar
M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Dr. Ravindra W Gaikwad
Pravara Rural Engineering College,
Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Reena Singhal
Plastic Technology, H.B.T.I., Kanpur,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Dr. S. Priya
Department of Biotechnology, S.T.E.T.
Women's College, Mannargudi, Tamil Nadu,
India
Dr. S. R. Shah
Department of Textile Chemistry, Technology &
Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda,
Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Dr. Samson Maria Louis N
Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore-Affiliated to Anna University,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Mr. Sanjay L Bhagat
Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni,
Maharashtra, India
Dr. Sharad M Sontakke
Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
Dr. Shikha Suman
Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Dr. Suhas Natyan
Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri
University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Dr. Susarla Venkata Ananta Rama Sastry
MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram,
Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. V. Venkata Basava Rao
Department of Technology, University College
of Technology (A), Osmania University,
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Prof. Velluru Sridevi
Department of Chemical Engineering, A. U.
College of Engineering, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Venkateswara Rao Malapati
Department of Chemical Engineering, RVR &
JC College of Engineering (Autonomous),
Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution. This journal
is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Industrial Pollution
issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of
emergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Prevention and Control of
Industrial Pollution as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of
scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Pollution Science community,
addressing researchersand practitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution in Journals Pub is
to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and
professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Industrial Pollution in
general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at
excellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution focuses on original high-quality
research in the realm of Biofilters, Dissolved air flotation, Powdered activated carbon treatment,
Ultrafiltration, Activated sludge bioreactors, Wastewater quality indicators, Sustainable industrial design,
Remediationtechnologiesetc.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Prevention
and ControlofIndustrialPollutionand solutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Prevention and
Control of Industrial Pollution. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the
idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others,
reportingnewdevelopmentsinthefieldofPreventionandControlofIndustrialPollution.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Prevention and Control of
IndustrialPollutionreaders and willstimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofit.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

–
1. Analysis of Nitrate Nitrogen (NO –N) in Water of Chhattisgarh State3
R.K. Sahu, H.R. Suryawanshi 1
2. Status of Laxmi Taal: An Urban Wetland in Jhansi City
K.D. Singh, C. Gupta 4
3. Evaluation of Some Physical Properties on the Sorption Capacity of Detarium microcarpum
Seed Membrane
S.A. Osemeahon, E.A. Agala, A.M. Kolo, A. Akinterinwa 12
4. Air Pollution in India: Trend and Magnitude
Aruna Singh 20
5. Industrial Chemical Pollution: Types and Effects
Shalu Singh 22
Contents

IJPCIP (2016) 1–3 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Analysis of Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3

–N) in Water of Chhattisgarh
State
R.K. Sahu1*
, H.R. Suryawanshi2
1
Department of Chemistry, V.E.C. Lakhanpur, Sarguja University Ambikapur (C.G.), India
2
Department of Mathematics, V.E.C. Lakhanpur, Sarguja University Ambikapur (C.G.), India
ABSTRACT
The methods used for toxic element analysis of coal and its ash have been categorized into
two parts. There are certain methods which cannot be easily used for multi-elements analysis
on an individual sample. Coal mine water is acidic in nature and dissolves the trace and
toxic elements like Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Al water from river pond and other sources have
shown to be changing in quality parameters total dissolved solids, suspended solids, pH and
conductivity have showed increasing trend. Mine discharged showed increasing
concentration of trace and toxic elements in water discharged from mine. Pb and cd
concentration in soil and water of Dipika coal are discharge have shown increasing trend.
The most affected areas are the junction of river and mine water, caused by pollution due to
heavy mining, and toxic elements like Cu, Pb and Cd which are found in high concentrations
in soil of Dipika coal area. Cd is primary excreted through kidneys and Pb is known to have
multiple hematotoxic effects. Coal dust from Dipika coal fuel is integrated to water resources
it affects, the ecosystem of the water and its base.
Keywords: coal mine, Dipika coal, pollution, trace elements
INTRODUCTION
Water flows through forest land, crop land
and density populated rural areas. Mining
of coal also causes pollution; coal mine
water is acidic in nature and dissolves the
trace and toxic elements were Mn, Cu, Cd,
Pb, and Al. The map of Dipika coal field
area shows that coal mine effluent mixed
with water.
Dipika coal field mining effluents consist
of mixture of mineral traces other wastes
of plants and the characteristics of effect
discharge depends upon the types of
discharging plants so the physical
chemical characteristics of industrial
effluent and water depends upon a number
of factors including time of sampling conc.
of pollutants types of pollutant with
confluence in the water in the present
investigation many polluting parameters
have been taken up to study the physico-
chemical characteristics of mining effluent
in Dipika coal field mining water.[1–8]
METHODS FOR WATER SAMPLE
COLLECTION
The sampling points were already fixed for
water collection i.e., industrial wastes
which are discharged into the water. The
sampling was done once in middle of
every month. 2.5 l of water and effluent
sample were collected in a clear washed
plastic jerry cane for physical chemical
test of which 300 ml. water sample of
collected in sterilized BOD bottle for
biological test. The samples were analysed
within 0–24 hour.

IJPCIP (2016) 4-11 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 4
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Status of Laxmi Taal: An Urban Wetland in Jhansi City
Konjengbam Dayananda Singh1*
, Chitra Gupta2
1
Department of Chemistry, Moreh College, Moreh, Manipur, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Basic Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India
ABSTRACT
Water is one of the abundantly available substances in nature. Laxmi Taal is one of the oldest
fresh water lakes in Jhansi. The water of the lake has been considerably depleted in quality.
For the investigation five sampling sites were chosen along the periphery of the lake. Water
samples are collecting twice one representing pre monsoon and another representing
monsoon. Physico-chemical parameter undertaken during study were color and odor,
temperature, pH, electrical conductance, total hardness, total alkalinity, total suspended
solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand
(BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), iron (Fe) and phosphorous (P). The value of water
quality parameters were analyses using standard methods (APHA, 1992). The study
concluded that oxygen content of the water is gradually low. Laxmi Taal is suffered from
Sedimentation, Eutrophication and treat of loss of biodiversity. The study recommends
checking discharge of waste in the lake from domestic and municipality is required to
improved water quality.
INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most essential
constituents of human environment. It is
one of the most important compounds that
profoundly influence life (Gorde 2013).
The quality of water is a vital concern for
mankind since it is directly linked with
human welfare. But today, clean water has
become a precious commodity and its
quality is threatened by numerous sources
of pollutants including fertilizers, soil
particles, waste chemical and sewage from
city and rural area. In the past, though the
environment had an infinite capacity to
devour, man’s health and welfare are being
affected by environmental pollution. The
world health organization (WHO)
estimates that more than 20% of the world
population (around 1.3 billion peoples) has
no safe drinking water and that more than
40% of all populations lack adequate
sanitation (Oastrige and Trent, 1999).[1–5]
Water can be polluted by substances that
dissolve in it or by the solid particles and
insoluble liquid droplets that becomes
suspended in it (Plant et al 2001). Surface
water also contains a lot of organic matter
and mineral nutrients which feed algae and
large bacteria populations. The quantity of
water is a vital concern for mankind since
it is directly linked with human welfare. A
lake is a low lying part of the earth’s
surface in which rain water, surface water
runoff, outflow from a river and water
from other sources accumulates.
India has a large number of lakes spread
all over the country. Almost half of the
world’s lake are degraded, depleted and
contaminated mainly by human activities.
The main causes are inflow of domestic
sewage, agriculture runoff, discharge of
industrial effluents, over fishing, habitat
degradation from population growth and
expansion of cities. Water of the Laxmi

Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Evaluation of Some Physical Properties on the Sorption Capacity
of Detarium microcarpum Seed Membrane
S.A. Osemeahon1
, E.A. Agala1
, A.M. Kolo2
, A. Akinterinwa1*
1
Department of Chemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
2
Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The membrane of Detarium microcarpum seeds (DMM) was developed. The bio-sorbent was
used for the removal of Pb2+
, Cd2+
, Fe3+
, Cu2+
, Cr3+
and Mn2+
in aqueous solution.
Membrane sorption capacities were found to be : 96.80%, 96.63%, 94.04%, 91.45%, 87.82%
and 87.29% for Cd2+
, Cr3+
, Mn2+
, Fe3+
, Pb2+
and Cu2+
, respectively. The sorption behavior
with respect to pH, contact time, ionic strength and initial metal ion concentration were
investigated so as to determine the optimum sorption conditions. The result showed that
metal ion sorption by the membrane increased with increasing initial metal ion
concentration, pH values and contact time while metal ion sorption decreased with
increasing ionic strength. Maximum sorption was found to occur at pH 5 for all the six metal
ions studied. The study reveals that the ability of the membrane to remove some heavy metal
ions from aqueous solution is encouraging and may be used in bioremediation of wastewater.
Keywords: Detarium microcarpum seeds, membrane, sorption, metal ions
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, heavy metal pollution has
become one of the most serious
environmental problems. Presence of
heavy metals even in traces can be toxic
and detrimental to both flora and fauna.
With the rapid development of industries
such as mining, surface finishing, energy
and fuel, fertilizer, pesticide,
electroplating, electrolysis, electro-
osmosis, leather, photography and electric
appliances; many by-products or unwanted
waste materials are directly or indirectly
being discharged into the environment
causing serious environmental pollution
and even threatening human life.
Contamination of water with substances
which have adverse effect on human
beings, animals and plants is called water
pollution. Water pollution is a global
problem and its control has become
increasingly important in recent years. The
conventional methods for the removal of
these heavy metals from wastewater
include chemical precipitation, membrane
separation, ion exchange, dialysis, etc.[1]
These conventional methods have the
following problems: incomplete metal
removal, high reagent and energy
requirements, generation of toxic sludge or
other waste products that require careful
disposal has made it imperative for a cost
effective treatment method that is capable
of removing heavy metals from aqueous
effluents.
Bio-sorption is a physiochemical process
occurring naturally in certain biomass that
allows it to passively concentrate and bind
contaminants onto its cellular structure.[1]
The use of biomass in environmental
clean-up has already been in practice for a
while; still the scientists and engineers

Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Air Pollution in India: Trend and Magnitude
Aruna Singh
Department of Engineering and Technology, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
Pollution is a serious problem across the
world. Pollution is the contamination of
the Earth’s environment with substances
that interferes with human life in terms of
health and natural functioning of the
ecosystem. Of all types of pollution, air
pollution is a serious health problem in
urban cities. It is one of the most
aggravating factors responsible for
respiratory ailments and cardiovascular
diseases. Several diseases such as asthma,
chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease are commonly
occurring diseases because of air pollution.
Among the world’s top 20 most polluted
cities, 13 have been reported from India.
The worst being Delhi, the densely
populated capital territory of India.[1]
Air pollution in Delhi has increased
steadily by 20% since 2000.[2]
The Centre
for Science and Environment’s (CSE)
analysis of government data and the
Global Burden of Disease report's data on
India has also identified air pollution as the
fifth leading cause of death in India after
high blood pressure, indoor air pollution,
tobacco smoking and poor nutrition.[3]
In a
Lancet study in 2012, air pollution was
ranked as the sixth biggest killer in India
with an estimated toll of 66 million.[2]
The
Ganga and Yamuna are ranked among the
world’s 10 most polluted rivers. Experts
suggests that the pollutants in Delhi’s air
in winter months can reach up to three
times the safe limits on some days. Air
pollution slashes life expectancy by 3.2
years for the 660 million Indians who live
in cities, including nation’s capital Delhi.[1]
The major causes have been the fumes
coming from diesel vehicles that have
caused the increasingly polluted air in
India’s cities. Officials also blame smoke
and dust from industrial and building
activity.
According to the Environment Pollution
(Prevention & Control) Authority for the
National Capital Region (EPCA) report,
from 2002 to 2012 particulate matter in
Delhi has increased by 75% and numbers
of vehicles on the roads have increased
97%, contributing enormously to pollution
load and direct exposure to toxic fume. In
the winter of 2013–2014 Delhi’s air
pollution increased to dangerous levels.
PM 2.5 particles have remained 2–3 times
the national standard and have reached 8–
10 times the standards in high smog
episodes.[4]
The WHO estimates show that the Indian
cities are death traps on account of
severely high air pollution levels. WHO’s
urban air quality database covers 1600 cities
across 91 countries. It has shown that Indian
cities have highest levels of particulate
matter PM10 and PM2.5 (particles with
diameter of 10 and 2.5 microns) when
compared to other cities.[5]
Analysis of this
database indicates that all Indian cities
exceed the WHO guideline of 20 µg/cum for
PM10, in case of PM2.5 except one city
(Pathanamthitta in Kerala is at the WHO
guideline limit of 10), all exceed the WHO
guideline of 10 µg/cum. The PM2.5 levels
are worst in Delhi and Patna, exceeding the
WHO guideline by about 15 times, followed
by Gwalior, Raipur, Ahmedabad, Lucknow
and Ferozabad, all exceeding the safe levels
by 9–14 times. Cities such as Kanpur,
Amritsar, Ludhiana, Allahabad, Agra,

Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Industrial Chemical Pollution: Types and Effects
Shalu Singh*
Department of Engineering and Technology, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
ABSTRACT
Water pollution is becoming a serious problem all over the world. Water being an essential
element is required for survival of life on Earth. Chemical discharge from industries is a
major reason for causing water pollution. Herein, some of the main chemical discharge from
industries and their harmful effects have been described.
Keywords: chemicals, industrial chemical discharge, water pollution
BACKGROUND
Water is an essential chemical for life on
Earth. Today, the quality of water is
getting affected due to pollution caused by
foreign bodies and chemicals. The agents
that disrupt the water quality making it
unfit for usage by living organisms or
cause harm in one or the other way are
referred as pollutants and this phenomenon
is called water pollution.
Water pollution can be of two types viz.,
point source or diffuse. In the former type,
pollutants enter the water body and pollute
it at a particular site such as the discharge
pipe. In diffuse pollution, the pollutants
enter the water over a wide area such as
run-off from agricultural land and urban
areas. The source of pollution in the
former type can be easily identified and
rectified while in the latter, it is difficult to
identify and control.
There is a wide range of sources of water
pollution. These include agricultural crops
and livestock, forestry, atmospheric acid
rain, industrial discharge, sewage,
domestic wastes, mines etc. industrial
discharge contributes majorly in causing
water pollution. The main pollutants from
the industries are the metals, chemicals,
and petroleum that are released into the
water bodies illegally, causing long-run
dreadful effects on the living organisms.[1]
Metals and solvents released from
industries pollute rivers and lakes. They
can be poisonous to several aquatic life
forms or can disrupt their normal
physiology such as lower down the pace of
body development, make them infertile.[1,2]
Crude oil or petroleum products such as
gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, lubricating
oil etc., contaminate the water bodies
through oil spills. The oil spills usually
have an immediate effect causing the death
of localized fish, but it can spread for
miles. It can also get stick to feathers of
seabirds making them to lose the ability to
fly.
Many organic solvents used in industries
like benzene, xylene, toluene, acetone or
the chlorinated solvents used in degreasing
processes like PCE, TCE, 1,1,1-TCA, 1,2-
DCA, 1,1,2-TCA; also cause severe water
pollution.
Other industrial pollutants include
polyaromatic hydrocarbons from coal
power plants and manufacturing gas

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