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Alexander Russell
Mechanical Process Engineering, University of
Magdeburg, Germany.
Dr. Animes K Golder
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Assam, India.
Dr. Asif Mahmood
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Prof. Ateeq Rahman
Department of Chemistry, Bindura University
of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe.
Dr. Bharat Modhera
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology,
Bhopal, India.
Prof. C. M. Narayanan
National Institute of Technology, Durgapur,
India.
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Department of Chemistry, National Institute of
Technology, Imphal, India.
Prof. Chang-Yu Sun
China University of Petroleum, Beijing,
China.
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National Institute of Technology, Raipur,
India.
Dr. Didik Prasetyoko
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Mathematics and Sciences, ITS, Surabaya,
Indonesia.
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Institute of Technology, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad, India.
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College of Engineering, King Saud University,
Saudi Arabia.
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Bapatla Engineering College (Autonomous),
Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh,
India.
Dr. Nanda Gopal Sahoo
Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology Centre D. S. B. Campus,
Kumaun University, Uttarakhand, India.
Dr. P. A. Pawar
Department of Chemical Technology,
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University,
Amravati, India.
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West Bengal University of Technology,
India.
Dr. Rajendrasinh Jadeja
Department of Chemistry,
The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India.
Saeed Soltanali
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry
(RIPI), Iran.
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Pravara Rural Engineering College,
Maharashtra, India.
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National University of Singapore,
Singapore.

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R & D (Battery), Su-Kam Power Systems
Limited, Apparel Park Cum Industrial Area,
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Dr. Soumitra Kumar Choudhuri
Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis,
Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute,
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Center for Nano-materials, International
Advanced Research Centre for Powder
Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI), Bolapur,
Hyderabad, India.
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Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Institute of Fluid Dynamics,
Germany.
Dr. Suryya K Rana
Dungarpur College of Engineering &
Technology, India.
Dr. Suyogkumar V. Taralkar
Chemical Engineering Department,
MIT Academy of Engineering, Pune, India.
Dr. T. K. Radhakrishnan
Department of Chemical Engineering, National
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Dr. V. Venkata Basava Rao
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Dr. Vangalapati Meena
A. U. C. E (A), Andhra University, Andhra
Pradesh, India.
Prof. Velluru Sridevi
A. U. College of Engineering, Andhra
University, India.
Dr. Vijaya Kumar Bulasara
Thapar University, Patiala,
India.
Dr. Vipan Kumar Sohpal
Department of Chemical Engineering &
Biotechnology, Beant College of Engineering
& Technology, Punjab, India.
Dr Wenming Yang
National University of Singapore,
Singapore.
Dr. Zhi Shang
Louisiana State University,
United States.

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
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It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Chemical Engineering
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PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Induced Codeposition of Ni–W Alloy Coatings Using Glycerol as Additive and Their Characterization
L. Elias, A. Chitharanjan Hegde 1
2. A Customized Wireless Supervisory Infrastructure for Integration and Explicit Multiparametric MPC-Based
Control of Laboratory Processes
K. Velswamy, T.K. Radhakrishnan 10
3. Electrolytic Deposition of Zn–Ni Alloy from Acidic Sulphate Bath and Their Characterization
R.S. Bhat, J. Nayak, A.C. Hegde 19
4. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Adsorption of Pb (II) by Using Ferrous Sulphide as an Adsorbent
D. Kamalakar, C.V. Subrahmanayam, P. Rohinikumar, L. Nageswara Rao 33
5. Investigation of High Corrosion Rate in Oil Production Carbon Steel Pipelines
A.A.L. Zaabi, S. Feroz, L. Nageswara Rao 42
Contents

IJCEP (2016) 1–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing
eISSN: 2455-5576
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Induced Codeposition of Ni–W Alloy Coatings Using Glycerol as
Additive and Their Characterization
L. Elias, A. Chitharanjan Hegde*
Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka,
Srinivasnagar, India
ABSTRACT
As a promising coating material to replace hard chromium coating, the development of
nickel–tungsten (Ni–W) alloy coatings of good corrosion protection is of great interest in
surface coating technology. Further, the effect of plating variables, including additive on the
composition of alloys of induced co-deposition is more vagarious than in other types of alloy
deposition. In this context, an alkaline citrate bath has been formulated for electrodeposition
of Ni–W alloy through conventional Hull cell process, using glycerol as an additive.
Electrodeposition following the induced type of codeposition of Ni–W alloy was carried out
onto mild steel (MS) substrate at different current densities (c.d.’s) at room temperature,
taking a basic bath. Influence of bath constituents and functional parameters on appearance,
thickness, hardness and composition of the deposits were analyzed as a degree of their
performance against corrosion. Corrosion behaviors of Ni–W coatings having hard-adherent
mirror bright appearance were investigated using Tafel’s polarization and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in 5 wt.% NaCl solution. Experimental results
revealed that corrosion protection efficacy of Ni–W coatings increased with deposition c.d.,
in proportion of its W content. The coating developed at 4.0 A dm2
was found to exhibit the
least corrosion rate (5.3 × 102
mm y1
), compared to those at other c.d.’s. The process and
product of electrodeposition have been studied using different instrumental methods, such as
Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive
spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Experimental observations were
analyzed in the light of induced codeposition of Ni–W alloy due to stimulation by Ni+2
ions,
and results are discussed.
Keywords: bath optimization, corrosion behavior, electrodeposition, glycerol, Ni–W alloy
INTRODUCTION
The properties like enhanced hardness,
corrosion and wear resistance, low
hydrogen overvoltage, magnetic,
electrical, electro-erosion properties of
electrodeposited Ni–W alloy coatings are
of considerable interest due to their wide
spread industrial applications.[1]
These
properties are due to combination of two
constituent metals, i.e., hardest and high
melting metal tungsten (W) with nickel
(Ni). Hence, electrodeposited Ni–W
alloys, also known as high-temperature
alloys find their applications in turbine
blades operating at high temperature.[2,3]
Even though concentration of W in
electroplated alloys is rather less, it has a
major impact on various properties, such
as hardness, wear-resistance and improved
corrosion resistance even at high
temperature.[4,5]

eISSN: 2455-5576
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
A Customized Wireless Supervisory Infrastructure for
Integration and Explicit Multiparametric MPC-Based Control of
Laboratory Processes
K. Velswamy1
, T.K. Radhakrishnan2*
1
Lennox India Technology Centre, India
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Trichy, India
ABSTRACT
In this study, a custom, embedded wireless (Zigbee) supervisory infrastructure aimed at
integration of laboratory processes is reported. A microcontroller based field control unit
(FCU) implements closed loop control on experiments via ADAM 5000/485 data acquisition
module. Data from the process (sensor/manipulation) are broadcasted from FCU using a
wireless access point (WAP). A MATLAB graphic user interface (GUI) updates the data
(obtained using a remote monitoring unit (RMU)) graphically. Multiparametric model
predictive controllers (mpMPC) provide constrained and optimal explicit control structure. A
benchmark spherical tank process (STP) is the control loops considered. From the linearized
first principle model, gain scheduled mpMPC’s for STP are designed and deployed using
FCU firmware. Servo tracking and regulatory experiments conducted on STP approves the
viability of such custom infrastructure and also proves from metrics that mpMPC
outperforms conventional control techniques.
Keywords: gain scheduling, model predictive control, multiparametric, nonlinear, Zigbee
INTRODUCTION
Energy efficient process systems are being
researched extensively. Initial methods to
improve existing process systems involved
a careful selection of sensors and
actuators.[1]
The intermediate element, the
controller currently provides a huge scope
in terms of contributing to overall
efficiency of process systems and
operations. The regulatory systems in the
bottom layer of distributed control were
governed by supervisory mechanisms on
higher layers to ensure product quality and
performance.[2]
From an end of the line
user perspective, ease of maintenance (ad-
hoc tuning in conventional controller
terms) is almost eliminated owing to the
complex structure of the model based
controllers. Model based controllers
provide performance that can easily
deteriorate with increased model
uncertainties. To overcome this, such
controllers require constant maintenance
and fine tuning without which its
performance benefits may never be
sustained.[3]
Thus, preventing wide spread
adaptation of such controls in small scale
industries.[4]
The initial class of regulators derived from
quadratic programming based objectives
focused on unconstrained optimization
with very less regard for stability of such
systems. Later, terminal constraint cost
based stability was implemented in such
quadratic programming (QP) based
controls.[5]

eISSN: 2455-5576
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Electrolytic Deposition of Zn–Ni Alloy from Acidic Sulphate Bath
and Their Characterization
R.S. Bhat1*
, J. Nayak1
, A.C. Hegde2
1
Department of Chemistry, Nitte Mahalinga Adyanthaya Memorial Institution of Technology Karnataka, Nitte,
India
2
Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka,
Srinivasnagar, India
ABSTRACT
A bath containing ZnSO4.7H2O, NiSO4.7H2O, thiamine hydrochloride (THC) and citric acid
(CA) has been proposed. Bright Zn–Ni alloy coatings were developed galvanostatically onto
mild steel (MS) and their corrosion resistance and other physical properties were studied.
THC was found to improve the brightness and homogeneity of the deposit. The dependency of
bath composition, current density (c.d.), pH and temperature, agitation on wt.% Ni were
tested. Deposition was carried out under different c.d. and molar ratio of [Ni+2
]/[Zn+2
]. No
transition c.d., at which codeposition behaviour changed from anomalous to normal type,
was detected. Studies of the factors such as temperature, agitation, pH and [Ni+2
]/[Zn+2
]
which influence the wt.% Ni in the deposit were made. Influence of wt.%Ni on corrosion
resistance, hardness, adhesion and glossiness were studied. The wt.% Ni in the deposit was
determined calorimetrically and cross-examined by EDX analysis. The morphological
variation in deposit patterns with c.d. were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM). Good corrosion resistance at optimized c.d. (3.0 A/dm2
) is attributed to the capacitive
reactance at the interface, evidenced by Nyquist plot having large polarization resistance.
The XRD analysis was carried out to identify the phase structures of the deposits.
Keywords: citric acid, sulphate bath, thiamine hydrochloride, XRD, Zn–Ni alloy
INTRODUCTION
The most widely used corrosion protective
coatings for steel is zinc which is applied
either by hot-dipping or electroplating
processes. However, corrosion stability of
zinc coatings can be improved markedly
by alloying it with Fe group metals,
namely Ni, Co and Fe for automotive
industry. Many reports are available for
showing the improved corrosion resistance
property of Zn–Ni alloys, developed under
different conditions of both bath and
current densities (Bajat et al. 2000; Brooks
et al. 2001; Muller et al. 2002;
Shivakumara et al. 2007).[1–4]
Those
depositions were carried out in acidic
baths such as chloride bath, sulphate bath,
sulphate-chloride bath, and aqueous
acetate bath, as well as in some alkaline
baths, either cyanide bath or non-cyanide
bath, etc. (Roventi et al. 2000; Ebothe et
al. 2000; Ashassi-Sorkhabi et al. 2001;
Koura et al. 2003; Wang 2005).[5–9]
Similarly, many extensive research works
have been reported on deposition of Zn–Ni
alloys, concentrating on anomalous
codeposition mechanism and dependency
of deposit characters on bath constitutions
and operating parameters.
Gomez et al. (2001)[10]
found that the
presence of particular additives in the bath

eISSN: 2455-5576
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Adsorption of Pb (II) by
Using Ferrous Sulphide as an Adsorbent
D. Kamalakar1
, C.V. Subrahmanayam1
, P. Rohinikumar1
, L. Nageswara Rao2*
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, R.V.R. and J.C. College of Engineering (A), Chowdavaram, Guntur,
Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Caledonian College of Engineering, Sultanate of Oman, Oman
ABSTRACT
Poisoning of lead is causing a serious threat to the environment. In the present study the
adsorption behaviour of lead was studied in detail by ferrous sulphide in granular form.
Ferrous sulphide has the magnetic properties and makes it a better candidate for lead
removal. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out by varying different process
parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature. Lead adsorption by
ferrous sulphide was found to be highly pH sensitive. Maximum lead was adsorbed at around
pH 6.8. Study of temperature effect on lead adsorption confirmed the endothermic nature of
the process. Other thermodynamic properties were also calculated and found that physical
adsorption was dominant with activation energy of 213.254 kJ/mol. Kinetic study revealed
that the pseudo second order model was followed by the adsorption process having
regression coefficient (R2
) 0.99.
Keywords: adsorption, equilibrium, ferrous sulphide, kinetic and thermodynamic studies,
lead
INTRODUCTION
Environmental effluence by heavy metals
can occur by many alternative ways, either
directly or indirectly. Soils, water and
plants are contaminated by material from
the air or by direct deposition of
pollutants. Heavy metals are introduced
into the eco-system by the manufacturers
and the use of materials containing heavy
metals as well as the disposal of this waste.
Heavy metals in air, soil, and water are
global problems that are a growing threat
to the environment. There are many
sources of heavy metal pollution,
including the coal, natural gas, paper, and
industries.[1,2]
Metals are spread in the environment
through two main routes viz., atmosphere
and flowing waters. Under normal
circumstances, the end result of migration
is the sediments, soil and underground
waters. Heavy metals may enter the food
chain as a result of their uptake by edible
plants. The interaction of metals with solid
phases of soils, soil water and air either
within or above the soil; is dependent on a
variety of chemical factors. Absorption of
metals from soil water to soil particles is
the most important chemical determinant
that limits mobility in soils.[3–5]
The accumulation of these contaminants is
aided by the capability of soil to bind them
with clay minerals or organic substances.
Heavy metals are natural components of
soil. Most elements are only present in
minimal, insignificant eco-toxicological

IJCEP (2016) 42-51 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 42
eISSN: 2455-5576
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Investigation of High Corrosion Rate in Oil Production Carbon
Steel Pipelines
Ahmed Al Zaabi, Shaik Feroz, Lakkimsetty Nageswara Rao*
Caledonian College of Engineering, Seeb, Sultanate of Oman
ABSTRACT
A comprehensive study to identify the causes and the types of internal corrosion of a 16 inch
oily water production piping from production wells, which was found to be severely corroded
(corrosion rate ≈5.5 mm/year) was considered. The study involves collecting and analyzing
of different parameters like production data, flow velocity, CO2 partial pressure, water
quantities and water species contents, gas species contents, scale chemical elements, etc. This
study is based on real time data where the internal corrosion was measured after two years
from the commissioning date.
Keywords: CO2 corrosion, flow velocity, internal corrosion, scale contents, water contents
INTRODUCTION
Corrosion is the destructive attack of a
material after it reacts with the
environment or any natural potential
hazard. Almost every aqueous
environment can promote corrosion, which
is commonly found under complex
conditions in oil and gas production,
processing, and pipeline systems. Today,
corrosion has become one of the
outstanding challenging problems in the
industrial sector.
It is important to take into consideration
the effect of corrosion on the life-span of
the equipments used for industrial purpose.
Many industries have lost billions of
dollars because of corrosion.[1]
Crude oil and natural gas carry several
high-impurity products like carbon dioxide
(CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and free
water which are inherently corrosive.
Continual extraction of CO2, H2S, and free
water through oil and gas components
cause corrosion in the internal lining of the
pipelines.[2]
Various researchers[3–15]
studied the effects
of flow parameters in scale-free CO2
corrosion, but no one much reported in the
real situation where the actual corrosion
anomalies were measured for pipes.
FAILURE ANALYSIS
METHODOLOGY
Failure analysis is a vast concept that
includes different fields such as
electronics, mechanics, metallurgy,
corrosion, etc. While performing corrosion
studies, failure analysis is defined as the
study of a specific case of component
and/or equipment failure caused by
mechanical aspects of corrosion. These
studies are conducted to analyze the root
causes that lead to such failure and
undertake measures to overcome them.
The methodology of the corrosion failure
analysis was performed as per the
following steps:
 Collecting and analyzing information
related to the pipeline’s history

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