International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology: A Concise Guide

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International Journal of
Applied
Nanotechnology
Jan – Jun 2016 IJAN
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e-ISSN:2455-8524

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Applied Nanotechnology

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Applied Nanotechnology
International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on the recent
advancementinthefieldofNanotechnologyanditsApplication.
Focus andScopeoftheJournal
! Synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials
! Quantum structure and nanodevices
! Modeling and computations of nanostructure
! Nanoscale science and technology
! Nanofabrication, nanoprobes
! Nanostructures
! Nanoelectronics
! Nano-optics
! Nano-mechanics
! Nanodevices
! Nanobiotechnology
! Nanomedicine
! Nanotoxicology
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INTERNAL MEMBERS
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Chairman
Mr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director,
JournalsPub,
New Delhi
Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Akanksha Marwah
Deepika Bhadauria
Commissioning Editors
Priyanka Garg
Chhavi Goel
Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Kalaivani Thirunavukarasu
Assistant Professor (Sr. Grade) SRM University,
India
Dr. Alagiri Swamy
Asst. Professor (Sr. Grade), India
Dr. Swapnadip De
Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, India
Dr Gurudeeban Selvaraj
BioMed Research Management Services, India
Dr. Jay Singh
Delhi Technological University, Delhi,
India
Dr. Naba Kumar Mondal
The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West
Bengal, India
Sushama Talegaonkar
Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University),
India
Dr. Tapas Kuila
DST Inspire Faculty Fellow,
India
Dr. Suresh Kumar Kailasa
S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT),
India
Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
CSIR-Central Food Technological research
Institute, Mysore, India
Dr. Lavanya Khanna
Thapar University, Patiala, India
Dr. Pathipati Usha Rani
Senior Principal Scientist Biology and
Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology (IICT) Hyderabad
(A.P.), India
Swapnil C. Gaikwad
Department of Biotechnology SGB Amravati
University, Amrvati (MS), India
Dr. Lajapathi Chellappan Nehru
Assistant Professor Department of Medical
Physics, School of Physics, Bharathidasan
University, Tiruchirappalli (Tamil Nadu), India
Dr. Anil Ramdas Bari
Arts, Commerce & Science College, North
Maharashtra University Bodwad, Jalgaon
(Maharashtra), India
Dr. Chandan Dutta
CEO and Founder Member of a Consultancy
firm, namely, CD Consultant, Kolkata, India
Dr. Neetha J. Shetty
Associate Professor, Manipal College of dental
sciences, Mangalore, India
Prof. Javed Musarrat
Department of Ag. Microbiology Faculty of
Agricultural Sciences Aligarh Muslim
University Aligarh, India
Dr. Dinesh Kumar
National Research Centre for Citrus, India
Dr. Chaitanya Lakshmi G
Sapthagiri College of Engineering, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Neeraj Dilbaghi
Guru Jambheshwar University of Science &
Technology, Hisar, India
Dr. Sanjay Kumar Raghuvanshi
Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Indian
School of Mines Dhanbad, (Jharkhand), India
Dr. Arup Kumar Rana
Group Leader, Jute Reinforced Composite
Group, Indian Jute Industries' Research
Association (IJIRA), Kolkata
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Former Dean, Faculty of Engineering and
Technology, and Professor & Head,
Department of Physics Ch. Charan Singh
University Meerut, India
Dr. Sushama Narkhede
Institute of Science, Nagpur University,
Nagpur, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology. This journal is part of the
Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Nanotechnology issues, from
theoreticalaspectstoapplication-dependentstudiesand thevalidationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs ofApplied Nanotechnology as
an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and
technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Nanotechnology science community,
addressing researchersand practitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International journal of Applied Nanotechnology in JournalsPub is to propagate novel
awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research
societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Nanotechnology in general. JournalsPub acts as a
pathfinderfor thescientificcommunitytopublishedtheirpapers atexcellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of
Nanoscale science and technology, Nanofabrication, Nanostructures, Nanoelectronics, Nano-optics,
Nanodevices,Nanobiotechnology,Nanomedicine,Nanotoxicology.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of
Nanotechnology and solutions in the area. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation
and the success of the Applied Nanotechnology community. We are very thankful to everybody within that
community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be
followedbymanyothers, reportingnewdevelopmentsinthefieldofNanotechnology.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Nanotechnology readers and
willstimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofNanotechnology.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Effect of Capping Agents and Annealing on the Optical Properties of (Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S and
(Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S:Eu Films Prepared By CBD Technique
Devjyoti Lilhare, Sandhya Pillai, S. Bhushan 1
2. Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Simple Hydrothermal Process
G.M. Nazeruddin, Y.I. Shaikh 8
3. Silver Nanoparticle Ink for Rapid prototyping in Printed Electronics
Manisha Dhoble 17
4. Use of Atomic Force Microscopy on Lithium-Ion Batteries
Dinesh Singh 21
5. Cutting Tools with Graphene Coating and its Uses
S.K. Das 24
Contents

IJAN (2016) 1–7 © JournalsPub 2015. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology
ISSN:2455-8524 (online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Effect of Capping Agents and Annealing on the Optical
Properties of (Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S and (Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S:Eu Films Prepared
By CBD Technique
D. Lilhare*, S. Pillai, S. Bhushan
Department of Physics, Christian College of Engineering and Technology, Kailash Nagar, Bhilai, India
Abstract
Thin films of (Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S and (Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S:Eu are prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
(CBD) technique on glass substrates at 60ºC temperature by adding Mercaptoethanol and
Methanol as capping agents(CA). The films were annealed at 400°C for two minutes and
their optical properties were studied. The effect of the presence of capping agents and
annealing was investigated. The optical constants such as refractive index, extinction
coefficient, optical and electrical conductivity, real and imaginary dielectric constants were
determined and their nature discussed. The Optical Absorption spectra shows a blue shift in
the absorption edge in the presence of capping agents indicating quantum confinement effects
on reduction in particle size. The values of optical band gap were obtained from Tauc’s plots
and were found to increase in the presence of capping agents but decrease on annealing.
Higher transmittance and correspondingly lower absorbance in the Visible and NIR region
was observed in both unannealed and annealed films deposited in the presence of capping
agents. These nanocrystalline (Cd0.8-Zn0.2)S films exhibiting high transmittance and low
absorbance are thus good candidates for application as antireflection coatings in solar cells.
Keywords: antireflection coatings, chemical bath deposition method, envelope method,
nanocrystalline films
INTRODUCTION
Nanocrystalline semiconductors of II–VI
group have potential applications in many
technical fields, including lamp phosphors,
solar cells and photoconductors. Group II–
VI compounds can form ternary and
quaternary alloys with a direct
fundamental band gap assignment over the
entire alloy composition range and with
high absorption coefficient.[1]
Ternary (Cd-
Zn)S alloys have attracted technological
interest because their energy gap can be
tuned and the lattice parameters can be
varied.[2]
(Cd-Zn)S thin films have been
widely used as a wide band gap window
material in heterojunction solar cells and
photoconductive devices. In solar cell
systems, where CdS films have been
demonstrated to be effective, replacing
CdS with the higher band gap ternary (Cd-
Zn)S has led to a decrease in window
absorption losses. Thus, the short circuit
current in a solar cell is increased.[3–6]
The
efficiency of solar cell could be further
enhanced by broadening the absorption
range. It has been reported that an
acceptable method for widening the
absorption range is the conversion
luminescence by doping rare earth
compounds. This doping also improves the
photovoltage, thus enhancing the
photovoltaic performance of the solar
cells.[7]
The incorporated rare earth ion
show distinct spectral lines of absorption

Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Simple Hydrothermal
Process
G.M. Nazeruddin*, Y.I. Shaikh
Poona College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Pune, India
Abstract
Rapid synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles through economically feasible hydrothermal
approach is highly desirable. In this study, we have developed a method to synthesize zinc
oxide nanoparticles by using simple hydrothermal process in aqueous zinc salt solution
(ZnCl2) without need of any surfactant or external energy. This experimentation produced
physiologically stable, bio-compatible ZnONPs which may be used for targeted drug delivery
that offers enhanced therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects. TEM image indicated the
formation of spherical, nonuniform, and polydispersed nanoparticles. A detailed study of
antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles has been carried out.
Keywords: hydrothermal, ZnO NPs, XRD, UV, antimicrobial activity
INTRODUCTION
Man had endeavored to discover
techniques for producing materials
possessing properties superior to those
occurring naturally. One of the
possibilities to alter the properties of
materials is by heat treatment and alloying
which can improve the strength and
durability of materials.[1]
The development
of different advanced technologies makes
life easier. For example in early days the
materials used in aircraft and automobiles
were mostly metallic. As the metals
possess higher densities, therefore those
automobiles were very heavy. Thus it was
difficult to achieve high speed. Due to
advancements in technology the metallic
parts are being replaced by composite
materials[2]
and the vehicles or
automobiles manufactured using
composite material are light and can
achieve very high speed.
Material science is a scientific discipline
which involves investigation of the
relationship between the structures,
processing and properties of materials.[3]
When the knowledge of material is applied
to prepare a technical product, then it gives
rise to an engineering discipline known as
Material Engineering. Progress in
advanced materials has been deemed to be
one of the major engineering
accomplishments of the last century. The
cutting edge research activity places
particular emphasis on material related to
nanotechnology and nanoscience. In
addition to main requirements engineering
materials also require various qualities
such as stability, durability, chemical
resistance, corrosion resistance, wear
resistance, impact resistance, thermal and
shock resistance.
Research on nanomaterials is driven by
two motivating factors: They exhibit
interesting properties at nanometer size
scale which is different from bulk material
and applications of these properties in
devices (especially those linked with

Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Silver Nanoparticle Ink for Rapid prototyping in Printed
Electronics
Manisha Dhoble*
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PITS, Ujjain, India
Abstract
Now a day, Printed Electronics technology is very popular all over the world. It is very
flexible and cost effective technology. It can replace the traditional technologies. By this
technology, one can convert the rigid circuit board into flexible circuit board by printing the
circuit on any substrate with the help of nanosilver conductive ink. The conductivity of
nanosilver ink increases as the particle size is very small in nanometers. Silver nanoparticle
ink is the most important commercial nanotechnology-based products and the most widely
studied worldwide. It is fast and accessible technology that can support rapid prototyping for
many electronics devices. This review paper gives the information about the properties and
usefulness of silver nanoparticle ink in the field of printed electronics.
Keywords: prototyping, printed electronics, silver nanoparticle ink.
INTRODUCTION
Silver is noble metal. As provides
resistance to oxidation and has
antibacterial property. Its conductivity is
much higher than the other metals like Cu,
brass, nickel, etc. Due to this, now a days
silver nanoparticle can be used in
electronics to make circuit traces. Recently
in the field of printed electronics, silver
nanoparticle is used in ink form to make
electronic circuit traces, due to this
conductivity increases. Traditionally,
copper wire can be used to connect the
different the circuit elements to make
circuit. It supports the distribution of
power, provides digital and analog signal
interconnection, enables the flexible
positioning of components such as sensors
and actuators, and can even be used as a
basis for the electrical components
themselves in the case of switches,
moisture sensors, capacitive touch sensors,
antennas and so on.[1]
For prototyping of
any electronics circuits, there are two
solutions. First one is breadboard testing
and secondly the custom PCB designing.
These two traditional technologies have
many advantages. The main advantages of
breadboard testing are that they can
support very quick prototyping and they
are an obvious choice in the early stages of
electronics circuit designing.
But this method has some drawbacks in
terms of reliability, size and performance,
so it can replace custom PCB design for
prototyping purpose. They are versatile,
can support smaller prototype and robust.
They also support high fidelity. While the
PCB board, is best for mass production,
but they have some drawbacks when used
for prototyping. In particularly the time &
cost is more when used for prototyping. If
anyone requires flexible PCB, then this is
more problematic due to rigidness of PCB
(Figure 1).

Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Use of Atomic Force Microscopy on Lithium-Ion Batteries
Dinesh Singh*
Department of Material Science Engineering, Pune University, Pune, India
Abstract
Improvement of cutting edge Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs) shows a quickly developing field of
science and innovation. In any case, numerous crucial issues stayed uncertain because of
absence of comprehension of surface/interface understanding of LIB on nanometer scale.
Here, we survey late uses of nuclear power microscopy to study three key parts of lithium
particle batteries specifically strong electrolyte interface, particle transportation and
dendrite development. In situ AFM is a perfect device for the investigation of strong
electrolyte interface and lithium deposition in light of its ongoing and non-obtrusive. It is
exceptionally expected noteworthy advances will be made in the coming years on this
exploration territory.
Keywords: Atomic force microscopy, lithium ions, imaging,
INTRODUCTION
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM)
incorporates a progression of infinitesimal
procedures in which a physical tip is
moved by piezoelectric actuator to
describe test surface. Probably the most
normally utilized SPM incorporate
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
STM measures electronic current between
the substrate and tip. It is one of the initial
few instruments used to uncover structure
of material surface nuclear scale. Be that
as it may, STM must be utilized to
quantify surface properties of materials
with leading and semiconducting
properties.[1–5]
AFM was concocted with
the plan to extend SPM capacity to gauge
surface properties of protectors,
semiconductors and conductors. Figure 1
indicates schematic drawing of AFM. The
essential imaging methods of AFM are
contact and tapping mode.
In contact mode, the estimation of the
repulsive power amongst tip and test stays
unaltered amid examining. While, in
tapping mode, consistent swaying
sufficiency is kept up to get steady tip-test
cooperation. A "stage" picture is gotten by
recording the stage contrasts between drive
signal and cantilever reaction. Tapping
mode is non-obtrusive and offers higher
parallel determination.
Lithium-particle batteries (LIBs) are a
standout amongst the most proficient
vitality stockpiling frameworks. Figure 2
demonstrates the schematic perspective of
a LIB. LIBs have been generally utilized
as a part of versatile hardware in light of
their high particular vitality, high vitality
thickness and great cycle life. Be that as it
may, new era of LIBs with better
execution are required for huge scale
applications in half and half and electric
vehicles. With a specific end goal to plan
better batteries, effective portrayal
techniques are required to acquire exact
data on interfacial science and morphology
of batteries.

Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Cutting Tools with Graphene Coating and Its Uses
S.K. Das*
Department of Metallurgical and Material Science Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur,
West Bengal, India
Abstract
Graphene attracts a certain interests because of its amazing properties like high temperature
operations, high mechanical quality and greasing up properties and so forth. Arshi and
Dighewar have examined to enhance surface unpleasantness, apparatus life and creation rate of
materials by utilizing a defensive covering of titanium nitride (TiN) over steel devices.1]
They
have acquired attractive results. In this paper, we utilize graphene as a covering on metal
cutting apparatuses and have enhanced estimations of the same parameters with some other
extra favorable circumstances which at last build the execution and productivity of cutting
devices utilized for mechanical and creation designing parts.
Keywords: Graphene, coated cutting tools, coolants
INTRODUCTION
The single layered crystalline type of carbon
with to a great degree high electrical and
warm conductivity, mechanical quality,
straightforward to normal light is graphene.
It is sp2
hybridized with arrangement of both
sigma(σ) and pi(π) bonds inside self-carbon
iotas.
The electrons shaping the pi (π) bond are
portable in nature and are in charge of high
electrical and warm conductivity of it. In
graphene the electron vitality is straightly
corresponding to the wave vector, E = k vF
and electrons carry on as mass less
relativistic particles, called Dirac fermions.
Where= h/2p , h is the Planck's steady, k is
the wave vector and vF is the Fermi speed of
electron in the graphene.
The principle elements of cutting liquids are:
lessening of hardware costs, diminishment
of hardware wearing, expand pace of
creation, decrease warmth and rubbing so
higher cutting rates, lessening of work costs,
apparatuses last more and require less
regrinding, less downtime, decreasing
expense per part i.e. shop floor issues of
items, lessening of force costs, rubbing is
decreased so less power is required for
machining i.e. less power utilization which
prompts low creation cost. Other than these
it additionally gives cooling, oil, delayed
cutting-device life, rust control, oppose
rancidity, lessens contact amongst chip and
device face, shear plane gets to be shorter,
zone where plastic distortion happens
correspondingly littler, diminish
temperature, life of cutting device builds,
bits of metal weld themselves to apparatus
face, turns out to be substantial and level

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