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Jul–Dec 2016 IJEMMB
Mechanical Engineering
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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and
Applications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering
¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design
¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing
¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design
« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology
« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies
« International Journal of Digital Electronics
« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement
Planning
« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure
Planning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning
Development
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering
« International Journal of Wireless Network Security
« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis
« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices
« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing
« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology
« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology
« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials
« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and its
Commercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
« International Journal of Agrochemistry
« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering
« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering
« International Journal of Concrete Technology
« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis
« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering
« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
« International Journal of Automatic Control System
« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives
« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering
« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering
« International Journal of Energetic Materials
« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials
« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology
« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry
« International Journal of Photochemistry
« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry
« International Journal of Green Chemistry
« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics and
Mechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design and
Manufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics
and Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damage
Mechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanics
and Finite Elements
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Biotechnology
« International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and
Biomaterials
« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology
« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology
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Nursing
« International Journal of Immunological Nursing
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« International Journal of Neurological Nursing
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From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
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journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Electro
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PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector
1. Analytical Study of Temperature Distribution for Two-Stroke Engine Component Using
Finite Element Method
C. Chinglenthoiba, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar 1
2. 5- Axis Multi-functioning Machining
Deepika Bhadauria 5
3. An overview of Material processing through Chemical Machining (CM)
S. Sharmila 8
4. Pneumatic Rescue Tools in Fire Fighting
Reema Jaiswal 12
5. An Overview of Motion Control Systems
Priyanka Garg 16
Contents
IJEMMB (2016) 1–4 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Analytical Study of Temperature Distribution for Two-Stroke
Engine Component Using Finite Element Method
C. Chinglenthoiba*
, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University,
Namakkal, Chennai, India
BACKGROUND
Petrol Engine
The engine which gives power to propel
the automobile vehicle is a petrol burning
internal combustion engine. Petrol is a
liquid fuel and is called by the name
gasoline in America. The ability of petrol
to furnish power rests on the two basic
principles [1–5]
;
 Burning or combustions always
accomplished by the production of
heat.
 When a gas is heated, it expands. If the
volume remains constant, the pressure
rises according to Charle’s law.
Specification of Four Stroke Petrol
Engine
Type: four strokes
Cooling system: air cooled
Bore/stroke: 50 × 50 mm
Piston displacement: 98.2 cc
Compression ratio: 6.6: 1
Maximum torque: 0.98 kg-m, at 5500 rpm
Calculation
Compression ratio = (Swept Volume +
Clearance Volume)/Clearance Volume
where compression ratio = 6.6:1
Therefore, 6.6 = (98.2 + Vc)/Vc
Vc = 19.64
Assumption
(1) The component gases and the mixture
behave like ideal gases.
(2) Mixture obeys the Gibbs–Dalton law
Pressure exerted on the walls of the
cylinder by air is P₁,
P₁ = (M₁RT)/V
where M₁ = m/M = (mass of the gas or
air)/(molecular weight), R = universal gas
constant = 8.314 kJ/kg mole K, T₁ = 303
K, V₁ = V = 253.28 x 10¯⁶ m3
.
Now
Molecular weight of air = density of air ×x
V mole
where, Density of air at 303ºK = 1.165
kg/m³
V mole = 22.4 m³/kg-mole for all gases.
∴ Molecular weight of air = 1.165 x 22.4
∴ P₁ = {[(m₁/(1.165 x 22.4)] x 8.314 x
303}/253.28 x 10¯⁶
P₁ = 381134.1 m₁
Let Pressure exerted by the fuel is P₂
P₂ = (N₂ R T)/V
Density of petrol = 800 kg/m³
∴ P₂ = {[(M₂)/(800 x 22.4)] x 8.314 x
303}/(253.28 x 10¯⁶
P₂ = 555.02 m₂
Therefore, total pressure inside the
cylinder[6–17]
PT = P₁ + P₂
= 1.01325 x 100 KN/m²
∴ 381134.1 m₁ + 555.02 m₂ = 1.01325 x
100 Eq (1)
IJEMMB (2016) 5–7 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 5
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
5- Axis Multifunctioning Machining
Deepika Bhadauria*
I.P. University, New Delhi, India
ABSTRACT
The appeal of multi-axis machine tools is obvious to machine shops of all sizes. These
machines typically require only one setup to machine an entire part, saving time and
improving accuracy between operations. These advanced machines also have the capability
to change the tool axis direction in order to reach machinable areas with shorter, more rigid
tools or to reach undercut zones that could not be cut at all with standard methods.
Keywords: multi-axis, machine, machinable, standard, tools
*Corresponding Author
INTRODUCTION
These benefits make it easy to justify the
cost of upgrading to the latest technology.
A new concept in machining functionality
is that 5-axis milling functions, no matter
how complex, can be defined in just a few
steps. DP Technology has introduced an
approach to CAM functionality that
simplifies the methodology of multi-axis
machining into one unique CAM function
called a Composite function. By following
the same logic that machinists use when
deciding how to program a part, the
Composite function is familiar and easy to
understand, yet flexible and powerful
enough to exploit the full capabilities of
advanced machine tools today and in the
future.
5-Axis Machining
In the simplest terms, 5-axis machining
involves using a CNC to move a part or
cutting tool along five different axes
simultaneously. This enables the
machining of very complex parts, which is
why 5-axis is especially popular for
aerospace applications. However, several
factors have contributed to the wider
adoption of 5-axis machining. These
include:
 A push toward single-setup machining
(sometimes referred to as “Done-in-
One”) to reduce lead time and increase
efficiency
 The ability to avoid collision with the
tool holder by tilting the cutting tool or
the table, which also allows better
access to part geometry
 Improved tool life and cycle time as a
result of tilting the tool/table to
maintain optimum cutting position and
constant chip load
True five-axis machining refers to the
ability to feed the tool through the cut
using all axes to smoothly follow a
contoured surface. After all, 5-axis
machines were first developed for the
aerospace industry to do just that. In this
example of a blade, the rotary axes move
continuously during the cut. Just like a
CNC machining center, a five-axis
machine has three linear axes. However,
five-axis machining centers have two
additional rotary axes that can take one of
two basic forms. One style uses rotary
tables and the other style incorporates the
IJEMMB (2016 ) 8–11 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 8
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
An Overview of Material Processing Through Chemical
Machining (CM)
S. Sharmila*
Department of Physics, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
There are numerous ways used in manufacturing of workpiece materials. Advanced
manufacturing processes are employed where traditional machining processes are not
feasible, satisfactory or economical due to special reasons such as if materials are very hard
and fragile then they would be difficult to be clamped for traditional machining, when the
workpiece is too flexible or slender or when the shape of the part is too complex. In the
present content, a short description about material processing using chemical machining is
made.
Keywords: chemical machining, milling, etchant, workpiece material, electrochemical
machining, electrolyte
*Corresponding Author
INTRODUCTION
Chemical machining (CM) is the
controlled dissolution of workpiece
material (etching) by means of a strong
chemical reagent (etchant). In CM material
is removed from selected areas of
workpiece by immersing it in a chemical
reagents or etchants; such as acids and
alkaline solutions. Material is removed by
microscopic electrochemical cell action, as
occurs in corrosion or chemical dissolution
of a metal. This controlled chemical
dissolution will simultaneously etch all
exposed surfaces even though the
penetration rates of the material removal
may be only 0.0025–0.1 mm/min. The
basic process takes many forms: chemical
milling of pockets, contours, overall metal
removal, chemical blanking for etching
through thin sheets; photochemical
machining (pcm) for etching by using of
photosensitive resists in microelectronics;
chemical or electrochemical polishing
where weak chemical reagents are used
(sometimes with remote electric assist) for
polishing or deburring and chemical jet
machining where a single chemically
active jet is used. A schematic of chemical
machining process is shown in Figure 1.
IJEMMB (2016) 12–15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 12
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Pneumatic Rescue Tools in Fire Fighting
Reema Jaiswal*
Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
ABSTRACT
Using Pneumatic rescue technique to complement hydraulic tool can be a great asset to
extrication works. Recognizing the very nature of fire, how it ignites, spreads and consumes
materials in its environment, though important often under-estimated fire engineering aspect.
Perhaps, fire spreading is a bitter pill, modern research is now on the brink to facilitate
cutting edge technologies that would able to control fire ignition as well as its aggressive
dispersion. Water is known to withstand the progressive nature of fire and thus, has been the
most sort-after options used while in emergency. Fire solution services have literally relied
on hydraulic rescue tools and have emerged as a tradition. Of late, many studies emphasize
on understanding how to control air flow through a fire structure and the importance of
quickly cooling the fire room to delay flashover. Fire-fighting technology is persistent to
changing phases and forms and thus, confronted by several breakthroughs in order to
replace water in all respects. Pneumatic rescue tool is one of the most effective rescue tools
that can withstand all flammable atmospheres without consuming much energy.
Keywords: firing, pneumatic, tool
*Corresponding Author
INTRODUCTION
Hand-held rescue tools such as the
pneumatic air chisel were the tools of the
trade prior to the introduction of hydraulic
cutters, rams and spreaders. The chisel still
had a place on the truck, but was used less
and less frequently as time went on.[1]
NEED FOR INTELLIGENT RESCUE
TOOLS
The ultimate goal of the smart fire
department is to integrate this wellspring
of data into firefighting. According to a
report co-authored by Grant, it will
“revolutionize firefighting by collecting
data globally, processing the information
centrally and distributing the results
locally.”
The report, issued by the National Institute
of Standards and Technology, says all of
the most promising smart firefighting
technologies fall into one of three
categories: environmental, operational and
personal. The first grouping includes smart
building and robotic sensor technologies.
The second concerns the technologies that
will allow for departments to work more
cohesively and to make better decisions,
and the third relates to smart firefighters.
While some shortcomings will always
exist with collection and processing data,
many technological obstacles can be easily
overcome given the advances in data
processing. This is particularly the case
when it comes to using data that has
already been collected by agencies.[2,3]
 Fire service technology is consistently
progressing
 Multi-purpose or utility tools
 Flammable atmospheres
 Flammable metering device

IJEMMB (2016) 16-20 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 16
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behavior
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
An Overview of Motion Control Systems
Priyanka Garg*
Department of Physics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
Development of high-accuracy positioning or tracking control has shortened the access time
of mass storage. Sophisticated integration of actuator and sensor technologies has created
many innovative techniques for new motion control systems. It is quite obvious that motion
control is becoming more and more important as one of the key technologies in industrial
electronics. Studies on mobile robots have been popular as an application of motion control
technology. The method utilizes an onboard arm as an extra limb that can be pushed against
the ground. The arm is also used for shifting the center of gravity of the robot. The
seventeenth paper by Yajima and Katsura extends the study of a motion-copying system to
multiple degrees of freedom and analyzes the performance based on the velocity information.
By using the proposal, it is possible to reproduce the saved motion, although the
environmental location is shifted in a parallel manner.
Keywords: control, gravity, high accuracy, innovative, motion
INTRODUCTION
Motion control is the sub-group of
automation that encompasses the systems
with moving parts in a controlled manner.
The main components of a motion control
system include a motion controller, energy
amplifier and one or more prime movers or
actuators. It refers as an industry term that
manifests a range of applications involving
control on the motion of machines with
various degrees of precision.
The Motion Control is of 2 types:
(1) Open Loop
(2) Closed Loop
Open Loop System – In this system, a
controller sends a command through
amplifier to the prime mover or actuator
and does not know if the desired motion
was actually achieved.
For example, Stepper Motor or fans
control.
Closed Loop System – For much tighter
control, a measuring device is added to the
motion control system through which
measured data is obtained and then is
converted to a signal. This signal is then
sent back to the controller which
compensates the signal for any error. Such
a motion control system is called closed
loop system. For example:
The position or velocity of machines is
controlled using some type of devices such
as hydraulic pump, linear actuator or
electric motor, usually a servo.
An Overview of Motion Control System
Motion control is an important part of
robotics and CNC machine tools, however
in these instances it is more complex than
when used with specialized machines,
where the kinematics are usually simpler.
The latter is often called General Motion
Control (GMC). The basic architecture of
a motion control system contains.
Jul–Dec 2016 IJEMMB
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,
Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India
E-mail: info@journalspub.com
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« International Journal of Immunological Nursing
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International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour vol 2 issue 2

  • 1. Jul–Dec 2016 IJEMMB Mechanical Engineering Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering Architecture Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India E-mail: info@journalspub.com ¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and Applications ¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development « International Journal of Town Planning and Management Applied Mechanics 5 more... 1 more... 2 more... 2 more... 5 more... Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security « International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis « International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices « International Journal of Software Computing and Testing « International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences Physics « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution Civil Engineering « International Journal of Water Resources Engineering « International Journal of Concrete Technology « International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis « International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning Electrical Engineering « International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits « International Journal of Automatic Control System « International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives « International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and Circuits Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials « International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials « International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology « International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry « International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry « International Journal of Green Chemistry « International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering « International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour « International Journal of Machine Design and Manufacturing « International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis « International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics « International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements 5 more... 4 more... 3 more... Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials « International Journal of Plant Biotechnology « International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology « International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules « International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications 3 more... Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing « International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing « International Journal of Neurological Nursing « International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing « International Journal of Oncological Nursing 5 more... 4 more... Subm it Your A rticle2017 www.journalspub.com
  • 2. International Journals Publisher JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work by Division of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our Honorable EditorialBoard Members from renownedinstitutes. ObjectivesofJournalsPub  JournalsPub is international scholarly journal that publishes peer reviewed journal in the frontier areas of AppliedSciences,MedicalandEngineering.  JournalsPub publishes Original Research Papers, Review Papers, Popular Articles, Short Communications&CaseStudy.  Publishingspecialissues on Proceedingsof Conferences,SeminarsandSymposia.  JournalsPub Publishes issues twice a year (bi-annually) in English-language which is available online (openaccess)andinprintedversionwithagoaltopromoteanextensiveacademicawareness.  JournalsPub desires to set a good benchmark in the publishing industry by launching more than 100+ new International Journals to help the scientific community to enhance communication within the research communities and maintain a balance between the existing and emerging interdisciplinary technologies.  JournalsPub aims to provide quality research articles for Academic Researchers, Industrial Professionals, Engineers, Scientists, Professors, etc. working in the areas of Applied Sciences, Medical andEngineeringtocontributeandcommunicateinnovativework. SalientFeatures  An umbrellaof 100+ journalsthatcoversAppliedSciences,MedialandEngineeringArena.  The first and one of the rapidly emerging publication website in Country as well as overseas for its excellenceandexposure.  Universaltransmissionandreflectivity.  ARigorous, Fast andConstructivePeerReviewProcess  SpeedyPublicationof Manuscripts  EminentEditorialBoardMembersfromrenownedorganizations.  FreeRegistration,OnlineSubmission, Processing, Publication&OnlineAccessofManuscripts.  Thejournalpublishesnovelresearcharticleswithemphasison theoreticalandexperimentalwork. International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour
  • 3. JournalsPub (Division of Dhruv Infosystems Private Ltd.) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journals. Statements and opinionsexpressedintheJournalreflecttheviews oftheAuthor(s) andarenottheopinionofJournalsPub unlessso stated. Subscription Information and Order Cost of Journal National Subscription Rs. 3000/-perJournal(includes2 printissues), SingleIssue copypurchaseRs.1800/copy International Subscription OnlineOnly- $99, PrintOnly-$149 (includes2printissues) Online+ Print-$199(includes2printissues +onlineaccessof publishedbackvolumes) To purchaseprintcompilationof backissues pleasesendyourqueryatinfo@journalspub.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India include speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment:At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. ltd., payableatDelhi/NewDelhi. OnlineAccess Policy A). ForAuthors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, JournalsPub also have OpenAccess Policy; Authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows: India,SARC andAfricanCountries:INR 1500 includingsinglehardcopyofAuthor's Journal. OtherCountries:USD 200includingsinglehardcopyofAuthor's Journal. B.) ForSubscribers: Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of correct informationonuser details/StaticIPaddress of thesubscriber. The accesswillbeblocked: If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking due to technical issue. Misuse of the access rights as pertheaccesspolicy. Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: JournalsPub with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc.These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. LostIssue Claims:Pleasenotethefollowingwhen applyingfor lostor missingissues: Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the next issue as perthefrequency. Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will be entertainedonlywiththeproofs whichwillbeverifiedatboththeends. Claimsfiledduetoinsufficient(or nonotice)of changeof address willnotbehonored. Change ofAddress of Dispatch should be intimated to JournalsPub at least 2 months prior to the dispatch schedule as per thefrequencyby mentioningsubscriberID andthesubscriptionID. Refundrequestswillnotbeentertained. LegalDisputes AllthelegaldisputesaresubjectedtoDelhiJurisdictiononly. If you haveanyquestions,pleasecontactthePublicationManagementTeam: info@journalspub.com;Tel:+910120-4347644.
  • 4. International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour is a peer-reviewed journal focused on electromechanical modeling and Micro-electro mechanical systems. The aim of this journal is to promote advances in electrical machines and instruments, research in Kinematics and dynamic analysis, wear and degradation of material, mechanical behavior of materials, fluid dynamics and sophisticated motion control. With this in mind journal anticipate that all contributions would offer substantial result and will have a lasting effect on the field of research. Journal seeks work that presents innovation and promise future research. Focus and Scope oftheJournal  Wear and degradation of materials  Electromechanical modelling  Micro-electro mechanical systems  Kinematics and dynamic analysis  Micro scale heat transfer  Fluid power engineering  Mechanical/magnetic behavior and testing of metals  Structure of materials, elasticity, plasticity and failure  Mechanical behaviour of metals, ceramics, polymers, fiber and composite  Sophisticated motion control and hand-held electronic/photographic devices International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour is published twice a year (bi-annual) by JournalsPub an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing aprescriptionfor anyproductsmentionedinthispublication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written permissiontothepublisher. To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub (info@journalspub.com).
  • 5. PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM INTERNAL MEMBERS Associate Manager Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Managing Director, JournalsPub, New Delhi Hidam Renubala Ankita Singh Deepika Bhadauria Rekha Rani Commissioning Editors Dr. Chhavi Goel Manisha Dhoble
  • 6. EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Dr. N. Bose Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Virudhunagar, India Dr. Pankaj Thakur IEC University, Solan, India Dr. Sam Paul Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India Bo-Wun Huang China Dr. Ajith Ramesh Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Nagar, Coimbatore, India Dr. Krishna Lok Singh Structural Technologies Division (STTD), National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore (Karnataka), India Dr. Vasudev Malhotra Y.M.C.A University of Science and Technology, (State Govt. University), Faridabad (Haryana), India Dr. K R Sivadas Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering, Kadayiruppu, India Dr. Wang Wei Wang Wei Tianjin University, China Dr. Basel Alsayyed Department of Mechanical Engineering, UAE University, United Arab Emirates
  • 7. From the Editor's Desk Dear Readers, We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly journal, International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour. This journal is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Electro Mechanics issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validationofemergingtechnologies. This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Electro Mechanics as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science community, addressing researchers andpractitionersinthisarea. The core vision of International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour in JournalsPub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electro Mechanics in general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently,well-time&successfully. International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Wear and degradation of materials, Electro-mechanical modelling, Micro-electro mechanicalsystems, Kinematicsanddynamicanalysis,Microscaleheattransfer,etc. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electro Mechanicsandsolutionsinthearea. Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Mechanical Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting newdevelopmentsinthefieldofElectro Mechanics. This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will stimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofElectro Mechanics. PuneetMehrotra ManagingDirector
  • 8. 1. Analytical Study of Temperature Distribution for Two-Stroke Engine Component Using Finite Element Method C. Chinglenthoiba, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar 1 2. 5- Axis Multi-functioning Machining Deepika Bhadauria 5 3. An overview of Material processing through Chemical Machining (CM) S. Sharmila 8 4. Pneumatic Rescue Tools in Fire Fighting Reema Jaiswal 12 5. An Overview of Motion Control Systems Priyanka Garg 16 Contents
  • 9. IJEMMB (2016) 1–4 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1 International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 2 www.journalspub.com Analytical Study of Temperature Distribution for Two-Stroke Engine Component Using Finite Element Method C. Chinglenthoiba* , V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University, Namakkal, Chennai, India BACKGROUND Petrol Engine The engine which gives power to propel the automobile vehicle is a petrol burning internal combustion engine. Petrol is a liquid fuel and is called by the name gasoline in America. The ability of petrol to furnish power rests on the two basic principles [1–5] ;  Burning or combustions always accomplished by the production of heat.  When a gas is heated, it expands. If the volume remains constant, the pressure rises according to Charle’s law. Specification of Four Stroke Petrol Engine Type: four strokes Cooling system: air cooled Bore/stroke: 50 × 50 mm Piston displacement: 98.2 cc Compression ratio: 6.6: 1 Maximum torque: 0.98 kg-m, at 5500 rpm Calculation Compression ratio = (Swept Volume + Clearance Volume)/Clearance Volume where compression ratio = 6.6:1 Therefore, 6.6 = (98.2 + Vc)/Vc Vc = 19.64 Assumption (1) The component gases and the mixture behave like ideal gases. (2) Mixture obeys the Gibbs–Dalton law Pressure exerted on the walls of the cylinder by air is P₁, P₁ = (M₁RT)/V where M₁ = m/M = (mass of the gas or air)/(molecular weight), R = universal gas constant = 8.314 kJ/kg mole K, T₁ = 303 K, V₁ = V = 253.28 x 10¯⁶ m3 . Now Molecular weight of air = density of air ×x V mole where, Density of air at 303ºK = 1.165 kg/m³ V mole = 22.4 m³/kg-mole for all gases. ∴ Molecular weight of air = 1.165 x 22.4 ∴ P₁ = {[(m₁/(1.165 x 22.4)] x 8.314 x 303}/253.28 x 10¯⁶ P₁ = 381134.1 m₁ Let Pressure exerted by the fuel is P₂ P₂ = (N₂ R T)/V Density of petrol = 800 kg/m³ ∴ P₂ = {[(M₂)/(800 x 22.4)] x 8.314 x 303}/(253.28 x 10¯⁶ P₂ = 555.02 m₂ Therefore, total pressure inside the cylinder[6–17] PT = P₁ + P₂ = 1.01325 x 100 KN/m² ∴ 381134.1 m₁ + 555.02 m₂ = 1.01325 x 100 Eq (1)
  • 10. IJEMMB (2016) 5–7 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 5 International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 2 www.journalspub.com 5- Axis Multifunctioning Machining Deepika Bhadauria* I.P. University, New Delhi, India ABSTRACT The appeal of multi-axis machine tools is obvious to machine shops of all sizes. These machines typically require only one setup to machine an entire part, saving time and improving accuracy between operations. These advanced machines also have the capability to change the tool axis direction in order to reach machinable areas with shorter, more rigid tools or to reach undercut zones that could not be cut at all with standard methods. Keywords: multi-axis, machine, machinable, standard, tools *Corresponding Author INTRODUCTION These benefits make it easy to justify the cost of upgrading to the latest technology. A new concept in machining functionality is that 5-axis milling functions, no matter how complex, can be defined in just a few steps. DP Technology has introduced an approach to CAM functionality that simplifies the methodology of multi-axis machining into one unique CAM function called a Composite function. By following the same logic that machinists use when deciding how to program a part, the Composite function is familiar and easy to understand, yet flexible and powerful enough to exploit the full capabilities of advanced machine tools today and in the future. 5-Axis Machining In the simplest terms, 5-axis machining involves using a CNC to move a part or cutting tool along five different axes simultaneously. This enables the machining of very complex parts, which is why 5-axis is especially popular for aerospace applications. However, several factors have contributed to the wider adoption of 5-axis machining. These include:  A push toward single-setup machining (sometimes referred to as “Done-in- One”) to reduce lead time and increase efficiency  The ability to avoid collision with the tool holder by tilting the cutting tool or the table, which also allows better access to part geometry  Improved tool life and cycle time as a result of tilting the tool/table to maintain optimum cutting position and constant chip load True five-axis machining refers to the ability to feed the tool through the cut using all axes to smoothly follow a contoured surface. After all, 5-axis machines were first developed for the aerospace industry to do just that. In this example of a blade, the rotary axes move continuously during the cut. Just like a CNC machining center, a five-axis machine has three linear axes. However, five-axis machining centers have two additional rotary axes that can take one of two basic forms. One style uses rotary tables and the other style incorporates the
  • 11. IJEMMB (2016 ) 8–11 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 8 International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 2 www.journalspub.com An Overview of Material Processing Through Chemical Machining (CM) S. Sharmila* Department of Physics, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT There are numerous ways used in manufacturing of workpiece materials. Advanced manufacturing processes are employed where traditional machining processes are not feasible, satisfactory or economical due to special reasons such as if materials are very hard and fragile then they would be difficult to be clamped for traditional machining, when the workpiece is too flexible or slender or when the shape of the part is too complex. In the present content, a short description about material processing using chemical machining is made. Keywords: chemical machining, milling, etchant, workpiece material, electrochemical machining, electrolyte *Corresponding Author INTRODUCTION Chemical machining (CM) is the controlled dissolution of workpiece material (etching) by means of a strong chemical reagent (etchant). In CM material is removed from selected areas of workpiece by immersing it in a chemical reagents or etchants; such as acids and alkaline solutions. Material is removed by microscopic electrochemical cell action, as occurs in corrosion or chemical dissolution of a metal. This controlled chemical dissolution will simultaneously etch all exposed surfaces even though the penetration rates of the material removal may be only 0.0025–0.1 mm/min. The basic process takes many forms: chemical milling of pockets, contours, overall metal removal, chemical blanking for etching through thin sheets; photochemical machining (pcm) for etching by using of photosensitive resists in microelectronics; chemical or electrochemical polishing where weak chemical reagents are used (sometimes with remote electric assist) for polishing or deburring and chemical jet machining where a single chemically active jet is used. A schematic of chemical machining process is shown in Figure 1.
  • 12. IJEMMB (2016) 12–15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 12 International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 2 www.journalspub.com Pneumatic Rescue Tools in Fire Fighting Reema Jaiswal* Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India ABSTRACT Using Pneumatic rescue technique to complement hydraulic tool can be a great asset to extrication works. Recognizing the very nature of fire, how it ignites, spreads and consumes materials in its environment, though important often under-estimated fire engineering aspect. Perhaps, fire spreading is a bitter pill, modern research is now on the brink to facilitate cutting edge technologies that would able to control fire ignition as well as its aggressive dispersion. Water is known to withstand the progressive nature of fire and thus, has been the most sort-after options used while in emergency. Fire solution services have literally relied on hydraulic rescue tools and have emerged as a tradition. Of late, many studies emphasize on understanding how to control air flow through a fire structure and the importance of quickly cooling the fire room to delay flashover. Fire-fighting technology is persistent to changing phases and forms and thus, confronted by several breakthroughs in order to replace water in all respects. Pneumatic rescue tool is one of the most effective rescue tools that can withstand all flammable atmospheres without consuming much energy. Keywords: firing, pneumatic, tool *Corresponding Author INTRODUCTION Hand-held rescue tools such as the pneumatic air chisel were the tools of the trade prior to the introduction of hydraulic cutters, rams and spreaders. The chisel still had a place on the truck, but was used less and less frequently as time went on.[1] NEED FOR INTELLIGENT RESCUE TOOLS The ultimate goal of the smart fire department is to integrate this wellspring of data into firefighting. According to a report co-authored by Grant, it will “revolutionize firefighting by collecting data globally, processing the information centrally and distributing the results locally.” The report, issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, says all of the most promising smart firefighting technologies fall into one of three categories: environmental, operational and personal. The first grouping includes smart building and robotic sensor technologies. The second concerns the technologies that will allow for departments to work more cohesively and to make better decisions, and the third relates to smart firefighters. While some shortcomings will always exist with collection and processing data, many technological obstacles can be easily overcome given the advances in data processing. This is particularly the case when it comes to using data that has already been collected by agencies.[2,3]  Fire service technology is consistently progressing  Multi-purpose or utility tools  Flammable atmospheres  Flammable metering device 
  • 13. IJEMMB (2016) 16-20 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 16 International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behavior Vol. 2: Issue 2 www.journalspub.com An Overview of Motion Control Systems Priyanka Garg* Department of Physics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT Development of high-accuracy positioning or tracking control has shortened the access time of mass storage. Sophisticated integration of actuator and sensor technologies has created many innovative techniques for new motion control systems. It is quite obvious that motion control is becoming more and more important as one of the key technologies in industrial electronics. Studies on mobile robots have been popular as an application of motion control technology. The method utilizes an onboard arm as an extra limb that can be pushed against the ground. The arm is also used for shifting the center of gravity of the robot. The seventeenth paper by Yajima and Katsura extends the study of a motion-copying system to multiple degrees of freedom and analyzes the performance based on the velocity information. By using the proposal, it is possible to reproduce the saved motion, although the environmental location is shifted in a parallel manner. Keywords: control, gravity, high accuracy, innovative, motion INTRODUCTION Motion control is the sub-group of automation that encompasses the systems with moving parts in a controlled manner. The main components of a motion control system include a motion controller, energy amplifier and one or more prime movers or actuators. It refers as an industry term that manifests a range of applications involving control on the motion of machines with various degrees of precision. The Motion Control is of 2 types: (1) Open Loop (2) Closed Loop Open Loop System – In this system, a controller sends a command through amplifier to the prime mover or actuator and does not know if the desired motion was actually achieved. For example, Stepper Motor or fans control. Closed Loop System – For much tighter control, a measuring device is added to the motion control system through which measured data is obtained and then is converted to a signal. This signal is then sent back to the controller which compensates the signal for any error. Such a motion control system is called closed loop system. For example: The position or velocity of machines is controlled using some type of devices such as hydraulic pump, linear actuator or electric motor, usually a servo. An Overview of Motion Control System Motion control is an important part of robotics and CNC machine tools, however in these instances it is more complex than when used with specialized machines, where the kinematics are usually simpler. The latter is often called General Motion Control (GMC). The basic architecture of a motion control system contains.
  • 14. Jul–Dec 2016 IJEMMB Mechanical Engineering Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering Architecture Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E, Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India E-mail: info@journalspub.com ¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and Applications ¬ International Journal of Production Engineering ¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Design ¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation « International Journal of Radio Frequency Design « International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology « International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies « International Journal of Digital Electronics « International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals « International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning « International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning « International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development « International Journal of Town Planning and Management Applied Mechanics 5 more... 1 more... 2 more... 2 more... 5 more... Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security « International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis « International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices « International Journal of Software Computing and Testing « International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms Nanotechnology « International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology « International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures « International Journals of Nanobiotechnology « International Journal of Solid State Materials « International Journal of Optical Sciences Physics « International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization « International Journal of Environmental Chemistry « International Journal of Agrochemistry « International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution Civil Engineering « International Journal of Water Resources Engineering « International Journal of Concrete Technology « International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis « International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning Electrical Engineering « International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits « International Journal of Automatic Control System « International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives « International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering « International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and Circuits Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials « International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials « International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology « International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical Engineering Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry « International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry « International Journal of Green Chemistry « International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering « International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour « International Journal of Machine Design and Manufacturing « International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis « International Journal of Fracture and damage Mechanics « International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements 5 more... 4 more... 3 more... Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials « International Journal of Plant Biotechnology « International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology « International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules « International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications 3 more... Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing « International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing « International Journal of Neurological Nursing « International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing « International Journal of Oncological Nursing 5 more... 4 more... Subm it Your A rticle2017 www.journalspub.com