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International Journal of
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4. International Journal of Structural
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International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis provide a rapid forum for publication of
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technologicaladvancementthatcanbeofgreatimportancetothescientificcommunity.
Focus and Scope oftheJournal
 Analytical and design methods
 Dams, bridges, buildings and special structures
 Retaining structures and walls
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Managing Director,
JournalsPub,
New Delhi
Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Deepika Bhadauria
Rekha Rani
Commissioning Editors
Dr. Chhavi Goel
Manisha Dhoble

6. EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Hasan Dilbas
Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Dr. Govardhan Bhatt
National Institute of Technology Raipur, India
Dr. Ramani Bai Varadharajan
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.,
Malaysia
Dr. Saleem Muhammad Saleem
Department of Basic Engineering, College of
Engineering, University of Dammam,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
Tim Tse
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science
and Technology, China
Dr. P. Ratish Kumar
Associate Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering, N.I.T Warangal,
India
Anil Kumar Sachan
Civil Engineering Department, MNNIT
Allahabad,
India
Dr. J. Karthikeyan
Civil Engineering Department, National
Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil
Nadu, India
Dr. Samer Al Martini
Department of Civil Engineering, College of
Engineering and Computer Science Abu Dhabi
University, United Arab Emirates
AFM Saiful Amin
Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh
University of Engineering and Technology,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Shalem Ernest
National Institute of Technology Raipur, India
Hitesh Sharma
N.I.T Raipur, India
Dr. Tarun Kumar Lohani
Professor & Head, Civil Engineering, Orissa
Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India
Dr. G. Nandini Devi
Professor, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering,
Hosur, Tamil-Nadu, India
Batool Abd Al-elah Aziz
College of Engineering, Department of Civil
Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Dr. Turgut Kocaturk
Yıldız Technical University,Civil
Engineering,Istanbul
Saurabh Prakashrao Nirkhe
P.E.S. College of Engineering, Aurangabad. Dr.
Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,
Auranagabad, India
Ali M. Gharavimajdi
Professor, Civil Engineering; Amirkabir
university of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Sagar Mandya Shankar
Visvesvaraya Technological University, mandya,
India
Assoc. Prof. Mesut Simsek
Yıldız Technical University Civil Engineering
Department Davutpasa Campus Esenler –
Istanbul

7. From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Structural Engineering andAnalysis. This journal is part
of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Structural Engineering
and Analysis issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the
validationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Structural Engineering and
Analysis as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific
and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Civil Engineers community, addressing
researchers andpractitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis in Journals Pub is to
propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and
professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Structural Engineering and
Analysis in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers
atexcellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis focuses on original high-quality research in
the realm of Analytical and design methods, Dams, bridges, buildings and special structures, Retaining
structures and walls, Innovations in design and new technologies, Performance of structures, Repairs,
strengthening,and maintenance.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Structural
EngineeringandAnalysisandsolutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Structural
Engineering and Analysis community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who
supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many
others, reportingnewdevelopmentsinthefieldofStructuralEngineeringandAnalysis.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Structural Engineering and
Analysis readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Structural Engineering and
Analysis.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

8. 1. Seismic Behavior of Soft Storey Building With Static and Dynamic Earthquake Loading
S.P. Nirkhe, A.G. Dahake, V.R. Upadhye 1
2. Flexural Analysis of Thick Beam Subjected to Sine Load Using Refined Shear Deformation Theory
P.M. Pankade, D.H. Tupe, G.R. Gandhe 8
3. Assessment of the Factors Influencing Facility Maintenance Problems in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic,
Owo, Nigeria
Adeola Taiwo Olusola, Akinola Olanike Oluwatosin, Oladoja Ismaila Olawale 20
4. Review Insight: Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening to Produce Nanograin Particles
Shashank Jain 29
5. Current Trends and Future Prospects in Development of Tall Buildings
Anirudh Mathur 32
Contents

9. IJSEA (2016) 1–7 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Seismic Behavior of Soft Storey Building With Static and
Dynamic Earthquake Loading
S.P. Nirkhe1*
, A.G. Dahake, V.R. Upadhye2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering AND Management Studies, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Marathwada Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Soft storey building played an important role in development of multistoried buildings in
India. Functional and Social need to provide car parking space at ground level and for
offices open stories at different level of structure far out-weighs the warning against such
buildings from engineering community. With the availability of fast computers, so that
software usage in civil engineering has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects
in the analysis and design of projects. In this paper an investigation has been made to study
the seismic behavior of soft storey building with different arrangement in soft storey building
when subjected to static and dynamic earthquake loading. It is observed that, providing infill
improves resistant behavior of the structure when compared to soft storey provided.
Keywords: seismic loads, soft storey, static and dynamic analysis
INTRODUCTION
Open storey building provides facility for
car parking in highly populated areas.
Hence the trend has been to utilize the
ground storey of the building itself for
parking or reception lobbies in the first
storey. These types of buildings having no
infill masonry walls in ground storey, but
all upper storey’s unfilled in masonry
walls are called “soft first storey or open
ground storey building.” Experience of
different nations with the poor and
devastating performance of such buildings
during earthquakes always seriously
discouraged construction of such a
building with a soft ground floor. This
storey is known as weak storey, because
this storey stiffness is lower compare to
above storey. So that easily collapses by
earthquake. Due to wrong construction
practices and ignorance for earthquake
resistant design of buildings in our
country, most of the existing buildings are
vulnerable to future earthquakes. So, prime
importance to be given for the earthquake
resistant design. The Indian seismic code
IS 1893 (Part1): 2002 classifies a soft
storey as “one in which the lateral stiffness
is less than 70 percent of that in the storey
above or less than 80 percent of the
average lateral stiffness of the three
storey’s above.
Objectives and Scope
Stability of earth is always disturbed due
to internal forces and as a result of such
disturbance, vibrations or jerks in ear this
crust takes place, which is known as an
earthquake. Earthquake produces low–
high waves which vibrate the base of
structure in various manners and
directions, so that lateral force is
developed on structure. In such buildings,
the stiffness of the lateral load resisting

10. IJSEA (2016) 8-19 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 8
International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Flexural Analysis of Thick Beam Subjected to Sine Load Using
Refined Shear Deformation Theory
P.M. Pankade*
, D.H. Tupe, G.R. Gandhe
Department of Civil Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Dr. BAMU
University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
A Hyperbolic Shear Deformation Theory (HPSDT) taking into account transverse shear
deformation effects is used for the static flexure analysis of thick isotropic beams. The
displacement field of the theory contains two variables. The hyperbolic sine and cosine
function is used in the displacement field in terms of thickness coordinate to represent shear
deformation. The transverse shear stress can be obtained directly from the use of constitutive
relations, satisfying the shear stress-free boundary conditions at top and bottom of the beam.
Hence, the theory obviates the need of shear correction factor. Governing differential
equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual
work. General solutions of thick isotropic simply supported beam subjected to Single sine
load are obtained. Expressions for transverse displacement of beams are obtained and
contribution due to shear deformation to the maximum transverse displacement is
investigated. The results of the present theory are compared with those of other refined shear
deformation theories of beam to verify the accuracy of the theory.
Keywords: thick beam, shear deformation, isotropic beam, transverse shear stress, static
flexure, hyperbolic shear deformation theory, principle of virtual work
INTRODUCTION
The wide spread use of shear flexible
materials in aircraft, automotive,
shipbuilding and other industries has
stimulated interest in the accurate
prediction of structural behavior of beams.
Theories of beams involve basically the
reduction of a three dimensional problems
of elasticity theory to a one-dimensional
problems. Since the thickness dimension is
much smaller than the longitudinal
dimension, it is possible to approximate
the distribution of the displacement, strain
and stress components in the thickness
dimension. The various methods of
development of refined theories based on
the reduction of the three dimensional
problems of mechanics of elastic bodies
are discussed by Gol denveizer,[1]
Kil
chevskiy,[2]
Donnell,[3]
Vlasov and
Leontev,[4]
Sayir and Mitropoulos.[5]
It is well-known that elementary theory of
bending of beam based on Euler-Bernoulli
hypothesis that the plane sections which
are perpendicular to the neutral layer
before bending remain plane and
perpendicular to the neutral layer after
bending, implying that the transverse shear
and transverse normal strains are zero.
Thus the theory disregards the effects of
the shear deformation. It is also known as
classical beam theory.
The theory is applicable to slender beams
and should not be applied to thick or deep

11. IJSEA (2016) 20-28 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 20
International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Assessment of the Factors Influencing Facility Maintenance
Problems in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria
Adeola Taiwo Olusola1*
, Akinola Olanike Oluwatosin1
, Oladoja Ismaila Olawale2
1
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria
2
Department of Estate Management, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This survey is carried to assess the facility maintenance challenges in higher institutions of
learning by adopting Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. The study particularly examined those
factors that contribute to maintenance problems and those that influence maintenance
programme on the institutional buildings in the study area. Structured questionnaires were
distributed to respondents and the results were analyzed. Findings revealed that untimely
replacement of defective fitting is the main maintenance challenge in the institution; this can
be attributed to inadequate funding which is also a major factor responsible for maintenance
problems in the institution. The study also shows that the end users’ need was rarely
considered at the planning stage while no plan was put in place for the maintenance work on
the buildings except daily cleaning. These factors among others contributed to the
maintenance problems in the institution. It was recommended that educational planners and
policy makers should ensure that adequate budget provision is made for facilities
maintenance and management which must also include cost of technology in order to ensure
the sustainability of the infrastructure.
Keywords: facility, fittings, institutional building, maintenance, management
INTRODUCTION
Facilities management is an integral part
of the overall management in a learning
environment. Facilities management
according to the Centre for Facilities
Management is “the process by which an
organization delivers and sustains support
services in a quality environment to meet
strategic needs”.[1]
The provision of
adequate facilities management can be said
to provide best value for the facilities and
building services in any organization.[2]
This is because it keeps the facility in good
working condition and makes it available
for its lifecycle. The condition of facilities
in a learning environment determines the
performance of not only the tutors but also
the scholars.[3]
Learning process is deemed
to be hindered and academic productivity
decline when facilities’provisions are
inadequate or dysfunctional. Constant
property maintenance is an absolute
necessity for improved real estate
investments. Maintenance focuses on
sustenance and conservation of existing
buildings with a view to retaining their
structural stability and functionalities.[3]
Asiabaka noted that the actualization of
the goals and objectives of education
requires provision, maximum utilization
and appropriate management of the
facilities.[4]
With the advancement in
science and technology, there is need to
adopt contemporary facilities management
techniques to improve higher institution
learning process. Studies by Jekayinka;
Suleiman and Atiku, Crie and Babatope

12. IJSEA (2016) 29–31 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 29
International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Review Insight: Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening to
Produce Nanograin Particles
Shashank Jain*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, UP, India
ABSTRACT
Tedious folding and rectifying (RCS) is an as of late created serious plastic distortion
procedure to deliver Ultra-Fine Grain (UFG) materials. The initial step is completed by
twisting the work piece to a ridged shape, and the second step is expert by fixing the layered
work piece between two level platens. The preparing cycle can be rehashed ordinarily.
Keywords: finite element modeling, repetitive corrugation straightening, severe plastic
deformation
INTRODUCTION
Extreme plastic twisting (SPD) is one of
the strategies for acquiring fine crystalline
structure in various mass metals and
combinations, which have distinctive
crystallographic structure. SPD causes the
development of micrometer and sub-
micrometer estimated sub-grains in the
first coarse grain materials. As a
consequence of that upgraded mechanical
execution is watched. The instrument in
charge of this impact is still under
scrutiny, in any case, it is trusted that short
and long-go converging shear groups
created by plastic disfigurement assume a
noteworthy part at grain subdivision and
neighborhood dynamic recuperation and
recrystallization forms add to grain
refinement. Adequately expansive
misshapening prompts a particular
structure of disengagement free and very
mis-arranged fine grains. At the point
when characterizing a submicron grain
structure the vital parameters, which are
matter of concern, are normal separating of
high edge grain limits (HAGB) and extent
of HAGB range. The auxiliary changes
brought about by SPD are reflected in
enhanced mechanical properties of metals.
The reported impacts incorporate
expanded hardness and yield stress, both
highlighting inclination to immersion. The
disadvantage of ultrafine grained structure
materials is their constrained malleability.
Some other examination uncovered
expanded pliability and strength and
additionally enhanced dumping and
physical properties. The fine grained
structure of UFG materials acquired by
SPD prompts superplastic conduct of these
materials at lower temperatures but then
with higher twisting rates.[1,2]
Huge plastic strains somewhere around 1
and 15 can be forced in chips shaped via
plane-strain (2-D) machining of metals and
compounds. This methodology has been
utilized to analyze microstructure changes
actuated by substantial strain
misshapening in model frameworks –
copper and its combinations, Precipitation
– hardenable aluminum compounds, high
quality materials, for example, titanium,
Inconel 718 and 52100 steel, and a
nebulous amalgam. It is demonstrated that
materials with normal grain sizes in the

13. IJSEA (2016) 32–34 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 32
International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Current Trends and Future Prospects in Development of Tall
Buildings
Anirudh Mathur*
Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi, India
ABSTRACT
From 19th century onwards development of tall buildings emerges and till now rapidly
developing in all over the world. Especially in metro cities like Delhi-NCR, Mumbai, etc.
growth rate for tall buildings were high which leads to destroy overall cycle of humans,
animals and plants. Main factors need to be concerning is global warming and ozone layer
depletion.
Keywords: global warming, tall buildings
INTRODUCTION
Tall structures all through the world are
getting to be famous step by step. With the
appearance of advanced development
innovation and PCs, the fundamental point
has been to develop more secure structures
keeping in perspective the general
financial aspects of the venture. An
elevated structure, loft tower, office tower,
condo piece, or square of pads, is a tall
building or structure utilized as a private as
well as office use. In a few regions they
might be alluded to as “Multi Dwelling
Unit” or “Vertical urban communities.”
They can possibly decongest the urban
sprawl on the ground level, and increment
the urban thickness, lodging higher
number of families in lesser space.
Benefits incorporate they go about as
points of interest; make remarkable
horizon and proficient area use. In spite of
the fact that there is no exact definition
that is all around acknowledged, different
bodies have attempted to characterize what
“high-rise” implies[1–4]
:
 The term “high-rise building” means
any building having an occupied
floor(s) located more than 75 feet
above the lowest level of Fire
Department vehicle access.
 The Mumbai Municipal Corporation
(BMC) proposed that any building
with a height of 30 m (nine floors) be
categorized as a high rise. This is an
increase of 6 m from the existing
definition (24 m or seven floors).
But from the structural point of view it
can be defined as the a building that its
height will be affected by lateral forces
resulting from earthquakes and wind
forces to extent that such forces will
play a major role in the process of
design.
 In interior structural system, the major
part of the lateral load-resisting system
is located within the interior of the
building. Whereas in exterior structural
system, the lateral loads resisting
system, is located along the building
perimeter.
RESEARCH INSIGHT
Indian cities are witnessing immense
demographic expansion due to migration
from surrounding villages, leading to
urban sprawl, housing demand, rise in cost

14. Mechanical Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering
Nanotechnology
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Physics
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Material Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry
5 more...
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Biotechnology
3 more...
Nursing
« International Journal of Immunological Nursing
« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
« International Journal of Neurological Nursing
« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing
« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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it
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rticle2017
International Journal of
Structural Engineering
& Analysis
IJSEAJul–Dec 2016
www.journalspub.com