International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology (Vol 2 Issue 2)

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1. Optimal Location of Static Var Compensator Using DE Algorithm
R. Baiju Naina, S. Sreejith 1
2. Capital Investment Planning of Distributed Energy Resources
Aseem Chandel 9
3. A Review on Control Methods for Microgrid-Based Distributed Generation System
Dileep Gurjar, Vaibhav Sharma, Rahul Mishra 20
4. Review on Hybrid Power System: Biomass and Diesel
Saurabh Bansal, Kapil Shrivastava,Amit Pandey 27
5. Review on Hybrid Solar and Wind Energy System
Shubhank Vyas, Suresh, Kapil Shrivastava 31
6. Innovative Solar Power Technology to Generate Electricity
Rajveer Singh, Neeru Goyal, Harendra Singh, Ashok Kumar Saini 36
7. Study of the Performance of Grid Connected Battery Storage 10 kW Solar Photovoltaic
Plant in 100 m2 Area at Kota Rajasthan
Umesh Gunjal, Bhuvnesh Kumar Sharma 41
8. Study of Degrading Performance of Solar PV Panels Due To Effect of Dust Accumulation in Jaipur
Upendra Singh Chauhan, Gopal Kumar 48
Contents

IJEPST (2016) 1-8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology
eISSN: 2455-7293
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Optimal Location of Static Var Compensator Using DE
Algorithm
R. Baiju Naina1*
, S. Sreejith2
1
Department of EEE, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, India
2
School of Electrical Engineering, VIT, Vellore, India
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses on the optimal location of Static Var Compensator (SVC) using
Differential evolution (DE) algorithm. FACTS devices are employed to improve the power
transfer capability and voltage profile in power system networks. Here, the optimal location
to place an SVC is identified depending on the power flow, voltage profile and transmission
losses. The ability of SVC to improve voltage profile and reduce losses is also analysed. SVC
is modelled using firing angle modelling technique and incorporated into power system
network. DE algorithm is used as the optimization tool here. The proposed methodology is
tested and validated in a standard 5 bus and IEEE 30 bus test systems.
Keywords: differential evolution algorithm, optimal power flow, power flow control, static
var compensator
INTRODUCTION
Transmission networks aims in supplying
the connected load with required reliability
at a lower cost with maximum efficiency.
As the demand is increasing, the power
system is becoming more complex to
control. This results in loop flows and
increased line loss. The possibility of
construction new transmission lines are
limited by financial, social and
geographical factors. These problems can
be eliminated by Flexible AC
Transmission Systems (FACTS). This is
an application of power electronics
technology to power systems. FACTS
devices are used to control various
parameters of transmission lines such as
voltage, phase angle and reactance.[1]
FACTS devices can be classified as switch
based devices (SVC – Static Var
Compensator, TCSC – Thyristor
Controlled Series Compensator) and
converter based (STATCOM- Static
Compensator, SSSC – Static Series
Synchronous Compensator, UPFC –
Unified Power Flow Controller, IPFC-
Interline Power Flow Controller). These
devices can be used depending on
requirements [OPTIMAL LOCATION
PAPER]. The performance of FACTS
devices won’t be the same in all locations
of the network.[2]
However, the best choice
of location for the installation of FACTS
devices is not a simple task due to the
complexity of the electric power system.
The objective of Optimal Power Flow
(OPF) is to find the optimal operating state
of the power system network while
satisfying the network and system
constraints. As OPF gives the optimal
schedule of generation, it is carried out
before locating the optimal position for the
FACTS device. SVC is modelled and
incorporated into the OPF problem. Here,
firing angle modelling is used.[3]
Optimal

eISSN: 2455-7293
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Capital Investment Planning of Distributed Energy Resources
Aseem Chandel*
BSA College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, UP, India
ABSTRACT
The benefits of DER are site specific. So in order to potentially utilize the advantages of
dispersed generation it holds compulsively to reform management and to re-validate the
operations of distribution network. It then follows picking up the optimal network topology
and blending it with the best use of dispersed generation and retail market including real and
reactive power. The minimization of related costs and satisfactory technical and physical
constraints is also the key issue to concentrate. This paper presents a GA based methodology
for DER (capital investment) planning in 37-bus IEEE distribution system. Variable loading
conditions are introduced for peak, medium and low loading conditions. Standard residential
load profile is considered for analysis.
Keywords: AMC, distributed energy resources, distributed generation planning
INTRODUCTION
Talking about the present scenario,
electricity market is undergoing
restructuring with the changing conditions
of law, technology, market and
competition. This phenomenon is reflected
in more than 120 countries. This is
illustrating in the global trend, where more
and more energy conversion units are
located in the heart of distribution System.
Zahedi predicts that “as alternative sources
become more widely available, small-scale
systems meeting local needs may start to
replace central power stations.”[1]
The
goals of DER also include the
minimization of the environmental effects
of energy production and introduction of
new renewable energy-sources to the
distribution network. Many countries in
Europe now have some form of incentive
scheme to support the uptake of renewable
sources of energy.[2]
Distributed Energy Resources technologies
is now been developed for the range of
applications including Economic
Dispatch,[3]
load management,[4]
voltage
control[5,6]
and protection of power
conditioner[7]
and Distributed Energy
Resources modelling.[8]
Moreover, the
Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
technology is maturing day by day to
explore Distributed Energy Resources
planning for application in power and
energy sectors and also evaluate their
effectiveness.
In pursuance with the above, there is quite
likelihood that the new generators will be
separately operated as well as separately
owned. Power systems to start with were
originally developed in the form of local
generation, supplying a local demand.
Consecutive technological developments
driven by economies of scale resulted in
the development of large centralized grids
connecting entire regions and countries.
During the last decade, technological
innovations and a changing economic and
regulatory environment have resulted in a
renewed interest in DG. To account for the
bigger perspective, distributed energy

eISSN: 2455-7293
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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A Review on Control Methods for Microgrid-Based Distributed
Generation System
Dileep Gurjar*, Vaibhav Sharma, Rahul Mishra
Department of Electrical Engineering, Arya College of Engineering and I.T., Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
To counter the growing demand for energy, improvement in integration of distributed
microgrid based energy is the most promising problem in power system in the near future.
The implementation of microgrid systems offers significant advantages to both power
suppliers and end customers. The current emphasis is on a comprehensive review of the
control strategies and issues related to microgrid and various droop control and strategy
mode operation. This paper presents a brief description of PQ control voltage / frequency,
and current control, which is associated with the microgrid mode Operation. This review
also includes a micronetwork control and other issues such as island mode, stability and
unbalanced supply voltage and issues of power quality. Additionally, this article analyzes the
problems of islanding in microgrid as the burden of challenge and loss of distributed
generation, and nonlinear unbalanced load. We have also implemented simulation and
modeling of droop control in microgrid associated with distributed generation.
Keywords: control, current control, distributed generation, droop control, microgrid
INTRODUCTION
People who do not get the electrical power
in developing countries, estimated at about
1.64 million. In developed countries, there
are many sites on the islands are not yet
connected to the network. In this case,
photovoltaic, diesel / generators,
cogeneration, or microhydro power is
provided locally, in addition to battery
solutions. In all cases, these sources are
supported by voltage source inverter (VSI)
to provide power. The VSI needs to
interconnect cells, photovoltaic and
windmills to the grid. They must also
serve as the source of the active and
reactive load management efficiency, and
power from the battery to the other final
complex load. A microgrid can be
connected to the main grid. In this case,
the control strategy is simple VSI, and
synchronized with the main grid. In the
small islanded microgrid control strategy
is more complicated, because each such
VSI arbitrarily small grid voltage and
frequency control must be synchronized.[1]
To avoid complex communication
networks for a variety of VSI microgrid
synchronization, the conventional method
adopted is called “droop control.” This
method, and simulation in a given
microgrid has the characteristic to allows
and manage the active and reactive power
by each VSI in the proper management of
microgrid injection. We know that
instability can occur in the case of
parameter fluctuations and uncontrolled
exchange in them.
In distributed generation the responsibility
of microgrid is to maintain system voltage
and frequency sharing Active and reactive
power. The most commonly used method

eISSN: 2455-7293
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Review on Hybrid Power System: Biomass and Diesel
Saurabh Bansal*
, Kapil Shrivastava,Amit Pandey
Poornima University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
A hybrid energy system comprises of at least two renewable or conventional energy sources
utilized together to give effective power supply. In this paper, another and advancing hybrid
power system has been outlined by coordinating diverse sorts of biomass and diesel. This
system can guarantee a continuous power generation independent of the climate condition
and supply of biomass. This system can likewise guarantee most extreme use of biomass
energy sources which will diminish the reliance on the constrained fossil fills like oil and
coal those are ecologically unsafe.
Keywords: biomass, diesel, hybrid power system, renewable diesel
INTRODUCTION
Hybrid renewable energy system (HRES)
are getting to be well known as stand-
alone power system for giving power in
remote ranges because of advances in
renewable energy innovations and
resulting ascend in costs of petroleum
items. A hybrid energy system and hybrid
power, normally comprises of at least two
renewable energy sources utilized together
to give expanded system productivity and
additionally more noteworthy adjust in
energy supply. Hybrid energy technology
is the most recent advancement in the field
of energy sector which is frequently done
either to diminish the cost of creating
power from fossil fuels or to give
reinforcement to a renewable energy
system that guarantees progression of
force supply when the renewable energy
source varies.
Hybrid energy usually consists of one
conventional energy source and another
would be renewable energy source like
solar photovoltaic, wind, biomass, hydro
etc. In low income sectors, food
preparation systems in general and hot
water supply in particular, are a deep
necessity. Precarious water warming
methods generate several problems such as
probable domestic accidents because of
burning, especially in children, due to
likelihood of spilling of containers which
are unsteadily set over kindled logs or
stones or bricks. On top of this, there is
health damage as a result of the inevitable
inhalation of carbon monoxide, smoke
other gases coming from combustion
depending on the type of fuel used,
especially when some people use plastic
material as they do not know this danger.
Fire risk is a certain possibility. Hundreds
of these painful accidents occur annually.
The situation of rural schools turns
complicated due to the distances.
However, with the advance of the
agricultural border (especially with soy)
and deforestation, the availability of
firewood is more and more difficult,
becoming too much expensive in some
areas. So, it is necessary to work so that
the necessary volumes of this fuel are as
minimal as possible; consequently, we

eISSN: 2455-7293
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Review on Hybrid Solar and Wind Energy System
Shubhank Vyas*, Suresh, Kapil Shrivastava
Student of Electrical Department, Poornima University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
Continuous power supply for peoples in remote ranges has dependably displayed an issue,
where central grid power supply to all consumers is monetarily not possible in our nation.
Goal of this paper is to concentrate on the studies conducted in order to optimize the initial
cost and optimum utilization of available sources and reliable power supply to consumers in
Indian scenario. The wind turbine generator (WTG) is the essential wellspring of supply to
the framework, while the solar PV array is the optional source of supply with the battery
included as backup system. It is normal that the discoveries for this project would be valuable
for comparative hybrid system unwavering quality studies later on. Among the different
renewable energy resources, off-grid small hybrid solar PV and wind control system
(HSWPS) is by all accounts the promising answer for give dependable power supply
enhanced system productivity at sensible cost for the remote rural areas.
Keywords: hybrid system, standalone system, solar, wind
INTRODUCTION
In India and Asia, large number of villages
are not electrified and it is not techno
economical feasible to extend the grid.
There is an urgent need to focus research
efforts on the development of such cost
effective system for remote places and in
urban areas to reduce burden on
conventional sources. In India installation
of wind generators interfaced to grid in
different parts of country is going on. The
total installed capacity of wind generator
interfaced to grid in India is 7013 MW. As
of 30 June 2015 the installed capacity of
wind power in India was 23,763 MW As
on 30 June 2015, the installed MW by
2022. Grid connected solar power capacity
is 4,060.65 MW and India expects to
install an additional 10,000 MW by 2017,
and a total of 100,000 in India no
significant work has been done on the
development of cost effective hybrid
system based on renewable technology
using wind generator.
Wind energy relies on renewable power of
wind and it is one of the lowest prized
technologies of today. For all residences in
remote locations, the small wind energy
system can help to avoid high cost of
extending utility grid.[1]
The major constraints for use of such
system are the reliability of supply because
of irregularities in wind pattern. Hence the
wind energy system alone will not be
appropriate solution considering reliability
the research in key areas is required to
increase techno economic viability of
small hybrid system.
The following technological issues such as
1) Development of techno economical low
wind speed technology, 2) Development of
small hybrid system, and 3) Co-ordination
and integration of various available
sources to optimize the use of
conventional sources such as diesel,
kerosene/LPG used in standalone system.

eISSN: 2455-7293
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Innovative Solar Power Technology to Generate Electricity
Rajveer Singh1*
, Neeru Goyal1
, Harendra Singh2
, Ashok Kumar Saini3
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Govt. Polytechnic College, Alwar (Raj), India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.E.T, M.I.A., Alwar (Raj), India
3
Department of Computer Sciences, Poornima University, Jaipur (Raj), India
ABSTRACT
India is undergoing a massive development in al spheres be it real estate, transport, power,
industry, education, agriculture, urban and rural lifestyle etc. everything needs energy and
power. At present India has installed capacity of power generation from all the resources of
about 1.59 GW with a declared shortage of about 13.3% in peak load supply. Further there
are regular power cuts in the most of the cities and a very erratic, low quality and inadequate
power supply in rural areas. The capacity addition every year taking place is not
commensurate with the ever increasing demand in the country. Hence, three is utmost need to
harness power from all resources. Further due to environment concerns, spiraling fuel
prices, fuel security concerns and support for green power, it has become imperative to look
forward for renewable energy i.e. from wind, biomass, small hydro and solar energy etc. as a
source for energy independence.
Keywords: energy independence, green power, peak load
INTRODUCTION
Energy plays a vital role in the economic
growth of developing country like India.
Due to rapid decrease of fossil fuels, the
different renewable energy sources should
be developed and designed in order to
cope with such humungous energy
requirements. Solar energy is one of the
most widely used alternative energy
resources. Solar radiation consists of light
and heat energy.
This proposed article focuses on
harnessing heat energy from solar
radiation to generate electricity. The
technology used for this purpose is known
as concentrated solar thermal power
(CST).[1]
SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY
Solar thermal energy systems use the sun
energy to supply heat, such as for solar
water heating and in higher temperature
systems that generates the sufficient
energy to drive machines for power
generation. There are number of solar
thermal technologies that are considered
for power generation. These are:
 Lower temperature applications such
as solar chimney and solar ponds.
 Concentrated solar thermal power
(CST).
Lower Temperature Solar Thermal
Systems
Solar Ponds
A solar pond is a big reservoir of salty
water that stores solar heat and uses this
heat for power generation or other
applications. Solar ponds up to 5 MW
have been developed and operated in
Israel, but are not currently being
developed for large scale commercial
power production.[2]

eISSN: 2455-7293
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Study of the Performance of Grid Connected Battery Storage 10
kW Solar Photovoltaic Plant in 100 m2
Area at Kota Rajasthan
Umesh Gunjal1*
, Bhuvnesh Kumar Sharma2
1
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, M. Tech Solar Energy, University of Kota, Kota, Rajasthan, India
2
Department of Science and Technology, Regional Office, Kota, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
Solar energy is pure, unlimited environment-friendly and a potential resource among the
different renewable energy options. But stand-alone solar photovoltaic system or a wind
energy system cannot continuously supply energy because of seasonal and periodic
variations in an environment of the earth. Therefore, in order to assure the load demand,
grid-connected energy system are now being implement that merges solar and conventional
conversion units. The purpose of this work is to estimate the performance of grid connected
solar photovoltaic power plant with battery storage system in Department of Science and
Technology Science Center Kota, Rajasthan and finally develop a system based on the
potential estimations made for an available area of 100 m2
. The primary focus of this paper
is to determine the energy storage system can be reduced the effect of solar intermittency.
Equipment specifications are provided on the base of the availability of the elements in
Indian market.
Keywords: diurnal variations, monthly energy output, grid connected photovoltaic system,
solar radiation, yearly power output
INTRODUCTION
Renewable energy is defined as the power
that comes from resources which are
continually replaced on a human timescale
such as sunlight, the wind, rain,
geothermal tides, and waves. Grid
connected solar Photovoltaic (SPV)
system is directly change the sunlight into
electricity which is fed directly into the
grid as shown in Figure 1. This will be a
superior way to increases the electricity
production capacity in the country. Solar
energy, being a renewable resource, will
also provide energy without toxic and
greenhouse gas emission. This can go a
long way to help mitigate the adverse
effect of global warming as well as
contribute to sustainable energy
development. While many renewable
energy projects are big-scale, renewable
technologies are also suitable for rural and
remote areas. The Photovoltaic systems
are made for supply power to electrical
AC, DC loads. They are depending on the
application, the load power may require
during the daytime or during the nighttime
only or still for 24 hours a day.
By the photovoltaic system we get
electricity [1–4]
most powerfully during the
daytime. But at night or during cloudy
session photovoltaic system does not
generate electricity. So, we have tried to
develop photovoltaic system with battery
storage system. Battery energy storage is
normally add to address power demand
surges, store generated power during low
demand, and continues to supply power to
the load during cloudy or night time
conditions. [5]

eISSN: 2455-7293
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Study of Degrading Performance of Solar PV Panels Due To
Effect of Dust Accumulation in Jaipur
Upendra Singh Chauhan*, Gopal Kumar
Department of Electrical Engineeering, Poornima University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
Solar photo voltaic (PV) systems are a promising method of generating electrical power from
renewable energy in all over world right now. However, light obstruction on the solar panel
due to dust accumulation can significantly influence the performance and efficiency of the
system, and thus can affect the cash flow of the system operators. Instead of this problem,
only small studies have been conducted on the nature of dust accumulation on solar PV
panels. Many of the studies suggested different solutions but not proved significant. The main
objective of this work was to study the effect of dust build-up on the performance of solar PV
panel in one of the location in Jaipur. This work would allow appropriate scheduling for
cleaning of the panels. The study was conducted on real-time basis on a building's roof.
Measurements of irradiation, power output and the equivalent mass of dust collected were
performed on hourly, daily, weekly and monthly basis. It was observed from the study that the
system's performance could drop by about 6% annually. On the Gopal
Kumar(student),Poornima University Department of Electrical Engineeering maintenance
aspect, in order to continue economical operation, the cleaning interval should be every two
months for industrial-scale systems that generate a minimum of 100 MWh/day. The interval
would be shorter (i.e. one month) for smaller systems (residential).
Keywords: dust, photo voltaic, efficiency, maintenance
INTRODUCTION
Most of the electrical power generated
around the world is mainly derived from
non-renewable energy sources, especially
fossil fuels. However, these resources are
non-perishable and would be depleted at
some time in the future. Therefore, other
sources of energy, which are renewable
and environmentally friendly, are required.
Solar energy is a promising clean energy
source of the future. Among the
advantages of solar energy are it is long
lasting, can be used almost anywhere and
it provides cost effective solutions to
energy problems. According to the
International Energy Agency, the global
energy consumption will increase by 53%
in 2030, with 70% of the growth coming
from developing countries.
In Jaipur, the application of solar PV
technology is seen as one of the sensible
solutions adopted by many cities in
overcoming issues pertaining to shortage
in energy supply and also the environment.
It was reported that among all the
renewable energy sources, solar energy
would be the most prospective one in
Jaipur because this city belongs to a state
known for the abundance of sun energy
and heat. The government has promoted a
variety of energy related policies and tried
to sustain the energy demand.

International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology (Vol 2 Issue 2)

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