International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Design vol 2 issue 2

International Journal of
Industrial Engineering
and Design
IJIED Jul–Dec 2016
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and
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¬ International Journal of Production Engineering
¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design
¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
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¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design
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Technologies
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« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology
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Planning
Electrical Engineering
« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
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Engineering
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Chemistry
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Engineering
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Mechanical Behaviour
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« International Journal of Immunological Nursing
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Pusa Institute, Directorate of Training and
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Dr. K J Sreekanth
Mar Baselios College of Engineering &
Technology, University of Kerala, Trivandrum,
(Kerala), India
Dr. Akula Venugopal
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology,
Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
Dr. Jagadeesh P Ganjigatti
Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tunkur-3,
(Karnataka), India
Dr. P. Narendra Mohan
University College of Engineering and
Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University,
Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, (Andhra Pradesh),
India
Dr. N. Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes
Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,
Sivakasi, India
Dr P M M Subrahmanya Sarma
VIZAG Institute of Technology, Dakamarri,
Bheemunipatna Mandal, Visakhapatnam, India
Dr. R S Jadoun
G B Pant University of Agriculture &
Technology, Pantnagar, India
Dr. Jayakrishna K.
Kalasalingam University, Srivilliputtur,
(Tamilnadu), India
Dr. Vasudev Malhotra
Y.M.C.A University of Science and
Technology, (State Govt. University)
Faridabad, (Haryana), India
Dr. Kanakuppi Sadashivappa
Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Shamanur Road, Davanagere, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Design. This journal is part
of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Industrial Engineering
and Design issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the
validationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Industrial Engineering and
Design as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific
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addressing researchersand practitionersinthisarea.
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International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Design focuses on original high-quality research in the
realm of Productivity improvement, Materials management, Quality assurance and inventory control,
Systemand personnelsafety,etc.
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Engineeringandsolutionsinthearea.
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editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will
stimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofIndustrialEngineeringand Design.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Industrial Engineering and Productivity Improvement
Rishabh Gupta 1
2. A Short Note on Ergonomics and Design
Sourav Kumar Bhoumik 4
3. The Physical, Psychological and Social Effect of Digital Technology on Human
Reema Jaiswal 7
4. Supply Chain Management and Logistics
Debasish Mohanta 12
5. Impact of Oil Pollution in Degradation of Marine Ecosystem
Ashish Kumar 17
Contents

IJIED (2016) 1–3 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Design
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Industrial Engineering and Productivity Improvement
Rishabh Gupta*
Department of Information technology, Bhabha Institute of Technology, India
ABSTRACT
In this world of global competition, there is a constant need to improve both in quality and
quantity. The role of productivity improvement is a crucial factor for manufacturing and
service industry. The factor is important because it holds the company’s brand value among
various competitors in the market. With the advent of new cutting edge technology, the
company has to adopt new IT technologies and keep updating the new infrastructure for
meeting the customers need and demand. The main aim is to present the role of new IT
technology and different core strategies to increase productivity, quality, and cost efficiency
with respect to time.
Keywords: competition, cost, efficiency, productivity, quality
INTRODUCTION
The concept of Productivity in terms of
Industrial Engineering is the measure of
efficiency with respect to time and cost but
in general, it is the ratio of the output to
the input. The quantitative relationship
between production and expenditure spent
for production actually reflects profit.
Improvement in productivity is necessary
for optimum -utilization of resources such
as time, space, men, material, machine and
capital etc.
The use of new and improved technology
can reduce human efforts, produce more
and efficiently in less time with
distribution of task to be performed
simultaneously. Productivity actually
promotes a sense of global competition
with constant progress in improving day
by day. It is constant adoption and
continual effort to apply new techniques
and methods. In the words of Peter
Drucker, productivity means a balance
between all factors of production that will
give the maximum output with the
smallest effort.
The productivity of a certain set of
resources (input) is the amount of goods or
services (output) which is produced by
them. Land and building materials,
machines, manpower (labor), technology
etc. are the resources at the disposal of a
manufacturing company. Therefore higher
(improved) productivity means that more
is produced with the same expenditure of
resource i.e. at the same cost in terms of
land, materials, machine, time or labor,
alternatively, it means same amount is
produced at less cost in terms of land,
materials, machine time or labor that is
utilized [1–4].
Productivity At Large
The term productivity is used to measure
efficiency and effectiveness of businesses
or an economy with reference to optimum
utilization of resources. According to
Japanese Holistic View of Productivity,
productivity is a comprehensive holistic,
incorporating all the elements required to
improve products/ services in the form of
output. Productivity in the future, will also
consider the outputs produced should be

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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A Short Note on Ergonomics and Design
Sourav Kumar Bhoumik
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
INTRODUCTION
Ergonomics or Human factors always
depend upon the way of adapting in their
physical and social surroundings.
Ergonomics is a scientific discipline
focused on addressing the interaction of
humans with all aspects of their
environment in broad manner [1].
Ergonomics is dedicated to design
appropriate environment for people – the
design of systems, processes, equipment
and environments so that tasks and
activities required of them are within their
limitations but also make the best use of
their capabilities. Therefore the focus of
the design is on the person or a group of
people. Ergonomics is a science; it is a
rigorous, user-centered approach to
research and design. It is also a philosophy
and a way of thinking. It is applied widely
in areas such as aviation and other
transport systems, sport, education, public
facilities, the home, recreational
equipment and facilities and in the
workplace generally. In fact, the whole
community benefits from ergonomics
design [2].
WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
The word ‘ergonomics’ is made up of two
Greek words ergo (work) and nomos
(laws) which means the science of work. It
is also referred to as ‘human factors
considered in design’. Ergonomists and
designers consider a number of human
factors such as biological, physical and
psychological characteristics and needs of
people – how they see, hear, understand,
make decisions and take action. They also
consider individual differences due to age,
fitness/health, or disability and people’s
responses and behaviors. Human
characteristics considered in ergonomics
are Anatomy, dimensions of the body
(static and dynamic) and Biomechanics,
application of forces by gravity on
muscles, Physiology, Expenditure of
energy, Psychology, Information
processing and decision making,
motivation, individual differences, stress
handling capability.
Initially, ergonomics was considered to be
focused on humans within their
occupational setting, but its significance to
normal human life has extended its
application to cover other areas also, such
as consumer product design, recreational
environments, and processes. Ergonomics
are equally important for both the
occupational environments such as offices
or factories, and for the users'
environments such as in service, health
care, and recreational industries. The
objective of the application of ergonomic
principles is to design the environment as
per the comfort level and the need of the
human users. In other words, ergonomic
applications are intended to suit for the
requirement of the individual.
The International Ergonomics
Association (IEA) Offers the Following
Definition for Ergonomics
Ergonomics (or human factors) is the
scientific discipline concerned with the
under-standing of interactions among
humans and other elements of a system,
and the profession that applies theory,
principles, data and methods to design in
order to optimize human well-being and

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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The Physical, Psychological and Social Effect of Digital
Technology on Human
Reema Jaiswal*
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
As we are living in the era of digital technology with progressing scientific and technological
revolution, the dependency on computers, machines, and technology has enhanced for
completing our daily chores and work. The rate of dependency has increased so much that so
that we cannot even think to live without using them. However, sometimes we are bound to
rely on them. The computers hold their predominance in our homes, offices, schools, banks
and markets as well as in our lives whether directly or indirectly. The increasing amounts of
time spent by people on computers at home, school and offices has raised questions about
how the use of computer technology is creating a difference in our lives. We are living in a
digital era; the dependency on internet is affecting the development of the people, changes in
behavior, interaction and social changes have been observed. Today, the revolution in field
of communication has brought people together regardless of geographical boundaries. As a
result of the computer technology and internet development, maximum work is getting
completed by the use of technology and computers. Consequently, a working person is
gradually exposed to the negative effects of prolonged sitting, and many other indirect
effects. This paper provides an outline of the effects of digital technology and computer usage
on human’s physical, psychological and social level with a clear impact of social media in
our daily lives.
Keywords: digital, human, media, psychological, technology
INTRODUCTION
Objectives of Study
 To determine how sitting and screen
time affects our health physically.
 To determine the negative effects of
prolonged sitting.
 To understand the psychological
impact of social media.
 To explore the consequences of new
technology on social and personal life.
 To study the change in behavior of
humans in different age groups.
 To specify the role of computers in
enhancing the sedentary – lifestyle.
BACKGROUND
Initial research suggests that access to
computers have increased the total amount
of time, people spent in front of a
computer screen at the expense of other
activities, indirectly inviting the risk of
cancer and obesity and other biological
malfunction in human body. Professor
Mitch Blair of the Royal College of
Pediatrics and Child Health, said:
“Whether its mobile phones, games
consoles, TVs or laptops, advances in
technology mean children and young
people are exposed to screens for longer
amounts of time than ever before which

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Supply Chain Management and Logistics
Debasish Mohanta*
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
Growing organizations are dependent on the effective supply chains and network systems for
effective management and distribution of goods in cost effective way, in order to compete in
the global market. Supply chain management can be defined as the strategy, planning,
execution, control, and close monitoring of the activities with the objective of creating brand
value, customer satisfaction, infrastructure, and new business opportunity by matching
supply with demand after choosing the right people and right market.
Keywords: supply, chain control, demand, value, performance, cost, time
INTRODUCTION
Supply chain management is the
management for the smooth flow of the
goods and finished products in different
process like material handling, production,
packaging, inventory, transportation, and
warehousing. It includes the movement
and storage of raw materials and finished
goods right from point of origin to point of
consumption.
Supply chain management refers to the
coordination of production, inventory,
location and transportation among
supplier, manufacturer, retailer and
wholesaler in order to achieve the best
response and efficiency for the market
being served.
The supply chain structure is as simple as
Supplier—Manufacturer—Wholesaler—
Retailer. In order to perform better supply
chain management, the flow of
information between the above four
components should be accurate by which
coordination can be developed among
these components which results to the
reduction of time loss which gives time to
adopt various strategies(time based
strategy, low cost strategy or
differentiation strategy) [1, 2].
BACKGROUND
Keith Oliver, a consultant at Booz Allen
Hamilton (now Booz & Company), used
the term "supply chain management" in an
interview for the Financial Times in 1982
and thus the word came into the public
domain. The term gained importance in the
mid-1990s, when large number of articles
and books came out on that particular
subject. In the late 1990s, the word gained
distinction as a management catchphrase
when the operation managers began to use
it with increasing regularity [3–6].
The Importance of Supply Chain
Management
 Smooth flow of Management
 Increase in Productivity
 Segregation and Distribution in right
market
 Building brand value
 Building new business opportunity
 Cost effectiveness
 Quality in Quantity
 Meeting demands on time

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Impact of Oil Pollution in Degradation of Marine Ecosystem
Ashish Kumar*
Marine Engineering and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
ABSTRACT
The extent of marine pollution has reached to an alarming state which poses the threat for
destroying the marine ecosystem and annual death of marine creatures. The impact of major
ocean pollutant; oil spills on different components of the marine environment, due to the
potential of man-made pollution. Oil spills are responsible for causing great harm to both
creatures living in Deep Ocean and near coastal areas. The direct effects due to chemical
impurity can result in extinction, mass mortality of species, mutation, reproductive failure,
contamination of fish, and death of coral reefs with long-term ecological marine imbalance.
Keywords: marine pollution, death, threat, oil, man-made, ocean, extinction, species
INTRODUCTION
Our Blue planet Earth is surrounded by
70% of water and 30% land. Scientists
have estimated that about 8.7 million
species are living on this Planet.
Moreover, 17,000 species live in the deep
sea where light does not reach at all. That
is why scientists are more curious to find
the deep blue secrets of the ocean. In
addition to that, 6,000 new ocean species
were discovered by the 2,700 scientists
from 80 different countries in a joint
initiative led by the Census of Marine Life
in 2010. Census scientists explored the
global ocean to study more about new
species. The purpose of the study was to
document, preserve and use the statistics in
comparing the present and future of our
oceans and marine ecosystem. But due to
man-made pollution, the quality of marine
life is getting degraded at a faster rate
which results in death and poses threat to
endangered species to reach at the level of
extinction. The major causes of marine
pollution are physical and chemical. The
chemical reasons are oil spills, direct
discharge from land-based sources such as
industrial and agricultural run-off,
discharge of nutrients, pesticides and
untreated sewage, chemical particles into
the ocean. The physical reasons are deep
sea mining, fisheries, tourism, port and
harbor developments, damming of rivers,
urban development, construction and
manufacturing are all the factors
accounting for approximately 80% of
global marine pollution [1, 2].
Leaked oil can kill living things due to its
poisonous chemical constituents. The
organisms can face problems due to
internal exposure of oil through
consumption or inhalation and from
external exposure through skin and eye
irritation. Oil can also choke breathing of
fish or invertebrates and also coat their
feathers and furs with grease, which
reduces birds' and mammals' capacity to
maintain their body temperatures and their
flight. Other creatures, such as snails,
clans, and terrestrial animals may suffer
from spilled oil [3].
BACKGROUND
Oil is a form of hydrocarbon which floats
over water. The direct addition of oil into

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