International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation vol 2 issue 2

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 Design of machine elements,
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Robotics
 Control panel design and build
 Control panel modification
 MCC Building
 Electrical Wiring Drawings using AutoCAD
 PLC Programming
 HMI design and programming
 Robot control programming
 Machine safety systems
 Mobile Elevated Work Platform
 Safe Loading And Lashing
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Manisha Dhoble

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. V. Sugumaran
School of Mechanical Engineering and Building
Sciences, VIT University, India
Dr. S. Ramabalan
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
E. G. S. Pillay Engineering College,
Nagapattinum, (Tamil Nadu), India
Dr. Mark Ovinis
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri
Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
Dr. M. Syed Ali
Department of Mathematics, Thiruvalluvar
University Vellore, Tamil Nadu,
India
Dr. Dinesh Singh G. Thakur
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Defence Institute of Advanced Technology,
DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Girinagar,
Pune, India
Dr. Wilson Udo Udofia
Department of Technical Education, State
College of Education, Afaha Nsit, Akwa Ibom
State, University of Uyo,
Nigeria
Dr Muthuramalingam Thangaraj
SRM University, India,
India
Dr. Akula venugopal
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology,
Tarnaka, Hyderabad – 500 607, India, India
Dr. Xiaojun chen
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Dr. Basel Alsayyed
Assistant Prof at Mechanical Engineering,
UAE University, United Arab Emirates
Mr Atishey Mittal
Assistant Profeesor, SRM University, Meerut
Road, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
201204, India,
India
Dr. NATARAJ J.R
Dr. Nataraj. J. R Associate Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department, R.V.
College of Engineering, Mysore Road,
Bangalore-59 Mobile: 9901150505, India
Dr. Wang Wei
Wang Wei Tianjin University,
China
Dr. M. K. Marichelvam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco
Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005,
Tamilnadu, India, India
Mr. J. Thanikachalam
Assistant Professor (Senior Grade) Mechanical
Engineering Department, Mepco Schlenk
Engineering College, Mepco Engineering
College Post – 626 005 Virudhunagar District,
Tamilnadu., India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation. This journal is
part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Mechanical
Handling and Automation from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and
thevalidationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Mechanical Handling and
Automation as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of
scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science
community,addressing researchersandpractitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation in Journals Pub is to
propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and
professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Automation in general.
Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-
time&successfully.
International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation focuses on original high-quality research in
the realm of Design of machine elements, Computer integrated manufacturing and robotics, Control panel
design and build, Control panel modification, Electrical wiring drawings using autocad, Robot control
programming etc.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Mechanical
HandlingandAutomationand solutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Mechanical
Handling and Automation community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who
supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many
others, reportingnewdevelopmentsinthefieldofMechanicalHandlingandAutomation.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournals Pub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will
stimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofMechanicalHandlingandAutomation.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Evaluation of Design Parameters for Four Stroke Engine Piston
C. Chinglenthoiba, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar 1
2. A Brief Description on the Role of Water Jet Cutting in Fabrication of Machining Parts
S. Sharmila 4
3. A Research Insight: MEWP Usage and Safety Guidelines
Preety Bhadauria 7
4. A Brief Account on Virtual Prototyping in Designing Mechanical Systems
Himanshu Garg 11
5. Automation Applications to Construct Smart Food Factory
Ritika Jaiswal 15
Contents

IJMHA (2016) 1–3 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Evaluation of Design Parameters for Four Stroke Engine Piston
C. Chinglenthoiba*
, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University,
Namakkal, Chennai, India
BACKGROUND
Intake Stroke
On the intake or induction stroke of the
piston, the piston descends from the top of
the cylinder to the bottom of the cylinder,
reducing the pressure inside the cylinder.
A mixture of fuel and air is forced by
atmospheric (or greater) pressure into the
cylinder through the intake port. The
intake valve(s) then close.
Compression Stroke
With both intake and exhaust valves
closed, the piston returns to the top of the
cylinder compressing the fuel-air mixture.
This is known as the compression stroke.
Power Stroke
While the piston is close to Top Dead
Center, the compressed air–fuel mixture is
ignited, usually by a spark plug (for a
gasoline or Otto cycle engine) or by the
heat and pressure of compression (for a
diesel cycle or compression ignition
engine). The resulting massive pressure
from the combustion of the compressed
fuel-air mixture drives the piston back
down toward bottom dead center with
tremendous force. This is known as the
power stroke, which is the main source of
the engine's torque and power.
Exhaust Stroke
During the exhaust stroke, the piston once
again returns to top dead center while the
exhaust valve is open. This action
evacuates the products of combustion from
the cylinder by pushing the spent fuel-air
mixture through the exhaust valve(s).
DESIGN OF ENGINE PISTON
We know diameter of the piston which is
equal to 50 mm.
Thickness of Piston
The thickness of the piston head is
calculated from flat-plate theory
where
t = D (3/16 x P/f)½
Here
P – Maximum combustion pressure = 100
bar
f – Permissible stress in tension = 34.66
N/mm2
Piston material is aluminium alloy.
Therefore, t = 0.050 (3/16 × 100/34.66 ×
10⁶/10⁵)½ × 1000
= 12 mm
Number of piston rings
No. of piston rings = 2 x D½
Here, D-Should be in Inches = 1.968
inches
Therefore, No. of rings = 2.805
We adopt 3 compression rings and 1 oil
rings
Thickness of the ring:
Thickness of the ring = D/32
= 50/32
= 1.5625 mm
Width of the ring:
Width of the ring = D/20
= 2.5 mm
The distance of the first ring from top of
the piston equals = 0.1xD= 5 mm

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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A Brief Description on the Role of Water Jet Cutting in
Fabrication of Machining Parts
S. Sharmila *
University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
Modern material processing like water jet cutting is distinctive from the traditional methods
in such a way that it does not use a sharp cutting tool to cut materials. Water jet technology
uses the principle of pressurizing water to extremely high pressures, and allowing the water
to escape through a very small opening called “orifice” or “jewel”. Water jet cutting uses
the beam of water exiting the orifice to cut soft materials. Therefore, this method is not
suitable for cutting hard materials. In this article, a short description about water jet cutting
and its differences over abrasive water jet cutting process.
Keywords: machining process, water jet cutting, orifice, soft material, abrasive water jet
cutting aerospace industry.
INTRODUCTION
Water jet cutting can reduce the costs and
speed up the processes by eliminating or
reducing expensive secondary machining
process. Since no heat is applied on the
materials, cut edges are clean with
minimal burr. Problems such as cracked
edge defects, crystallization, hardening,
reduced weald ability and machinability
are reduced in this process. The inlet water
is typically pressurized between 1300 and
4000 bars.
This high pressure is forced through a tiny
hole in the jewel, which is typically o.18 to
0.4 mm in diameter. A picture of water jet
machining process is shown in Figure 1.[1–
3]
Applications
Water jet cutting is mostly used to cut
lower strength materials such as wood,
plastics and aluminum. When abrasives
are added, (abrasive water jet cutting)
stronger materials such as steel and tool
steel can be cut.[4]
Fig. 1. Water jet cutting.
(http://www.waterjets.org/about_abrasivejet
s.html).
Advantages of Water Jet Cutting
 There is no heat generated in water jet
cutting; which is especially useful for
cutting tool steel and other metals
where excessive heat may change the
properties of the material

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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A Research Insight: MEWP Usage and Safety Guidelines
Preety Bhadauria*
Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, India
ABSTRACT
Needs are recognized as well as drafted in the interest of enhancing operational safety and
thus providing standardized products for global use. New standards to address the design,
safe use and training needs for mobile elevating work platforms are drafted by various
standard development organizations worldwide. MEWPs are considered useful but quite
complex pieces of equipment that are often used for access in hazardous areas. People have
got serious injuries and many even got killed in accidents due to MEWP operations. The
article signifies the important guidelines to carry out work practices on how to use and
maintain MEWPs safely.
Keywords: hazard management, mobile elevating work platforms, operator, safety guidelines
INTRODUCTION
Mobile elevating work platforms
(MEWPs) are useful but complex pieces of
equipment that are often used for access in
hazardous areas. People have been
seriously injured and killed in accidents
involving MEWPs. The causes of these
accidents have included:
 equipment failure
 not following the manufacturer’s
recommendations
 inadequate training and supervision
 not fully assessing the hazards and
risks of the job, site and the equipment
The guidelines outline the safe work
practices on how to use and maintain
MEWPs safely and help duty holders meet
their obligations under the Health and
Safety in Employment Act 1992 (HSE
Act), and the Health and Safety in
Regulations 1995 (HSE Regulations).
Duty holders include employers,
employees, principals, designers and
manufacturers, hirers and suppliers
engaged in work associated with MEWPs.
These guidelines may apply to the
following activities and industries:[1–3]
 arboriculture
 building and construction
 bush and forest industries
 electrical supply and distribution
 film and television > plant and
machinery hire
 port operations
 sign writing and advertising
 stock picking
 railways
 telecommunications
 warehousing
This document is based on the current state
of knowledge for the safe use of MEWPs.
There may be other methods or processes
that meet the requirements for providing a
safe workplace under the HSE Act. The
Best Practice Guidelines for Mobile
Elevating Work Platforms are non-
industry specific. Some industries have
guidelines that deal with specific problems
faced in their working environments, such
as the electricity sector or horticulture.

IJMHA (2016) 11-14 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 11
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
A Brief Account on Virtual Prototyping in Designing Mechanical
Systems
Himanshu Garg*
IEET, Baddi, H. P. University, Shimla, India
ABSTRACT
Virtual prototyping is a software-based engineering process that enables modeling the
mechanical system, simulating its motion under real operating conditions and, finally,
optimizing the system. An important advantage of this kind of analysis/simulation consists in
the possibility of make virtual measurements in any point and area of the mechanical system
and for any parameter (displacements, velocities, accelerations, forces etc.). Thus, the
designers can make quick decisions on any design changes without going through expensive
physical prototype building and testing. Here, a brief description various aspects of virtual
prototyping in mechanical system designing is presented.
Keywords: integration, simulation environment, structural system dynamics, virtual
prototyping
INTRODUCTION
In mechanical engineering, the concept of
transferring of the drawings in the
computer was introduced two decades ago.
At the same time, major improvements
were developed, enabling engineers to
move from creating simple, two-
dimensional drawings, to modeling three-
dimensional solids. In the last years, on the
basis of advanced analysis and simulation
(prototyping) software, the designers have
the possibility to build models of not just
parts but entire mechanical systems, and
then to simulate their behavior and
optimize the design long before building a
physical prototype. Determining the real
behavior is a priority in the dynamic
analysis of the mechanical systems since
the emergence of the computer graphic
simulation. Recent publications reveal a
growing interest on analysis methods for
multi-body systems that may facilitate the
self-formulating algorithms, having as
main goal the reducing of the processing
time in order to make possible real-time
simulation. These methods were used to
develop powerful modeling and simulation
environments, namely MBS (Multi-Body
Systems) programs, which allow building
and simulating a computer model of any
mechanical system that has moving
parts.[1–3]
VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING
The mechanical systems analysis and
simulation software automatically
formulate and solve the dynamic equations
of motion taking into consideration the
geometric - elastic model of the
mechanical system and the constraints in
motion (geometric and kinematic
constraints). These types of programs were
lanced in commercial versions even in the
70’s but in the last decade a new type of
studies were defined through their use:
Virtual Prototyping. This technology

IJMHA (2016) 15-16 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 15
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Automation Applications to Construct Smart Food Factory
Ritika Jaiswal*
Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
ABSTRACT
By automating processes that are critical for success, you can increase your performance
and reduce the error rate in the value-added process. In production, for example, you can
maximize your profits by using raw materials properly. Automated processes can reduce or
even prevent an improper use or waste of raw materials. The optimal use of raw materials is
critical for your success, as it allows you to reduce the impact of fluctuating prices and to
ensure a consistent quality of your products. The highly innovative CSB image processing
technology enables fully automated classification and sorting of your raw materials based on
defined criteria, which leads to an optimized control of the production and prevention of
rejects. Quality assurance in “Real-time Mode” increases the efficiency.
Keywords: automation, smart food factory, industry 4.0, digitalization, optimization.
INTRODUCTION
Need of Automation in Food Processing
Due to the digitalization of production, the
automation has undergone major changes
that experts refer to as the “fourth
industrial revolution” or “Industry 4.0”. It
may sound like science fiction, in simple
words we can say that, while nowadays
systems in the food industry are controlled
centrally, in the future, machines and raw
materials will use ICT to communicate
just like in a social network and organize
the production by themselves across
company boundaries. The food factory of
the future will be intelligent and cross-
linked.[1–3]
ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF
SMART FOOD FACTORY CONCEPT
Fully automatic food factories are a vision
still, but many elements of tomorrow's
production processes are used already
today in the food industry. The solution
portfolio of the CSB group of companies
includes innovative and practice-proven
IT solutions that meet the new challenges
of a more flexible, more efficient
production and intelligently control their
processes. These solutions provided by
CSB include solutions for automated
production, online machine and
operational data capture, mobile business
applications, cloud solutions and RFID.
For many years now, software-aided
preventive and predictive maintenance,
image processing technology and
integration of Manufacturing Execution
systems in the ERP systems have been an
integral part of the day-to-day operations
of our customers.
 Resource efficiency: intelligent
products autonomously inform the
machine how they should be produced
to achieve the best margin
 Needs-oriented production: direct
integration of individual customer
wishes and demand in the order and
production process
 Increase sales through delivery
flexibility: your products are delivered
quickly and reliably upon request

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