International Journal of Immunological Nursing vol 2 issue 1

International Journal of
Immunological Nursing
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IJIN
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International Journal of Immunological Nursing is a peer reviewed Journal. It majorly focuses towards the
publication of current Research/Review works carried out in the area of Immunology and Nursing with a
special emphasis on autoimmunity, immunotherapy, reproductive immunology and vaccines. The Journal
coversallmajorareasinvolvedinNursing careandInfectiousDiseasemanagement.
Focus andScopeoftheJournal
! Classical immunology
! Anatomy and physiology of immune system
! Immunology and infectious diseases
! Autoimmunity
! Developmental immunology
! Immunotherapy
! Hypersensitivity
! Reproductive immunology
! Nursing management
! Clinical immunology
! Infection control
! Immunotoxicology
International Journal of Immunological Nursing is published twice a year (bi-annual) in India by
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INTERNAL MEMBERS
Associate Manager
Chairman
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Managing Director,
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Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Akanksha Marwah
Deepika Bhadauria
Commissioning Editors
Priyanka Garg
Chhavi Goel
Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Ramesh Kumari
Mai Bhago College of Nursing, Tarn-Taran,
India
Mr. Nitin Nayyar
Public Health Services & District Hospitals,
National Health Mission, Delhi State Health
Mission, New Delhi, India
Dr. Ubahara Sahayaraj
Centre for Addiction Medicine, National
Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
(Institute of National Importance),
Bangalore, India
Dr. Sutapa Agrawal
South Asia Network for Chronic Disease,
Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon
(Haryana),
India.
Dr. Sukhpal kaur
　　　National Institute of Nursing Education,
PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Dr. Gowrishankar Potturi
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Allianze
College of Medical Sciences, Malaysia
Dr. Bimla Rani
Bharat College of Nursing, Punjab,
India
Dr. Kedar G Mehta
Department of Community Medicine, GMERS
Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, India
Dr. S. Vijayalakshmi
Vignesh Nursing College, Tiruvannamalai,
India
Dr Anuja Chauhan
Arni University, Kathgarh, Kangra,
(Himachal Pradesh), India
Dr. Arnel Banaga Salgado
Psychiatric Nursing and Psychology RAK
Medical and Health Sciences University,
United Arab Emirates
Dr. E. Sinu
Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical
College, Manipal University, Manipal,
India
Mr. Rathish Nair
College of Nursing,
AIIMS, Bihar,
India
Dr. Jigar Mukesh Dhuvad
　　　　Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department,
Government Dental College and Hospital,
Ahmadabad, India
Dr. Pragya Pathak
　　　　　　　College of Nursing, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Dr. Pierson Rathinaraj
Institute of Biomedical Technologies,
Auckland University of Technology (AUT)
Auckland- New Zealand
Dr. Pratibha Swamy
College of Nursing, NIMHANS, Bangalore,
India
Dr. Smriti Arora
Rufaida College of Nursing,
Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
Dr. Sushma Kumari Saini
National Institute of Nursing Education,
PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Dr. Asha P. Shetty
Yenepoya Nursing College, Yenepoya
University, Deralakatte Mangalore, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. A Judie
SRM College of Nursing,
SRM University, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Aman Moda
Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science,
Gandhinagar, India
Dr. Kawaljit Kaur
　　　　Department of Medical surgical Nursing,
Mai Bhago College of Nursing, Tarn Taran
(Punjab), India
Dr. Regina D Satvekar
Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed University,
College of Nursing, Sangli (Maharashtra),
India
Dr. Mala Thayumanavan
BGS Global Hospitals,
Bangalore, India
Dr. Christos F. Kleisiaris
Community Nursing, Technological
Educational Institute of Crete,
Greece
Dr. Ioanna V. Papathanasiou
Nursing Department, Technological Educational
Institute of Thessaly,
Greece
Dr. Vahitha.S.
College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Post
Graduate Medical Education & Research,
Puducherry, India
Prof. AArvin Babu
Mental health Nursing, Sree Abirami Hospital
and College of Nursing, Coimbatore, India
Achla Dagdu Gaikwad
Department of Nursing, NIMHANS,
Bangalore, India
Stella Sagaya Mary
Matha College of Nursing,
Nadu, India
Urmila D Bhardwaj
Faculty of Nursing, Hamdard University,
India
Naveen Herold Simon
Shri Venketeshwara University,
Gajrola, India
Sibin Joy Vayalil
Community Health Nursing Department,
Lourdes College of Nursing, kerala, India
Siva Jeya Anand T
Chitra College of Nursing, Kerala,
India
Prof. Dhanpal H.N.
Department of Psychiatric Nursing,
Smt. Nagarathnamma College of Nursing,
India
Dr. C. Susila
Billroth College of Nursing, Chennai,
India

From the Editor's Desk
DearReaders,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the Second Volume of a new scholarly
Journal, International Journal of Immunological Nursing. This Journal is part of the
Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Nursing issues, from theoretical
aspectstoapplication-dependentstudiesandthevalidationofemergingtechnologies.
This new Journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Nursing as an emerging
and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical
investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Nursing Science community, addressing researchers
and practitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Immunological Nursing in Journals Pub is to propagate novel
awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research
societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Nursing in general. Journals Pub acts as a
pathfinderfor thescientificcommunitytopublishedtheirpapers atexcellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Immunological Nursing focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of
Classical immunology, Anatomy and physiology of immune system, Immunology and infectious diseases,
Autoimmunity, Developmental immunology, Immunotherapy, Hypersensitivity, Reproductive immunology,
Nursing management,Clinicalimmunology,Infectioncontrol,Immunotoxicology.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Nursing and
solutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Nursing community.
We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative
platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the
fieldofNursing.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Nursing readers and will
stimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofNursing.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding
Prevention of Swine Flu Among Staff Nurses Working at IGMC and Hospital Shimla H.P.
Krishna Chauhan, Bimla Verma, Kiran Kumari, Amita Kumari, Anupma Datta, Anupma, 1
2. Editorial Insight: Are the Indian Nursing Staff Stationed at Health Centers Updated About
Newer Vaccines in the Universal Immunization Programme?
Kedar Mehta, Paragkumar Chavda 7
3. A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Prevention Regarding the Water Borne Diseases Among
Mothers of Under Five Year Children to Prepare Health Education Module in Selected Hospital Dehradun,
Uttarakhand
Ashu Kesar, Santosh Arora 9
4. Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Anemia and Its Prevention Among Adolescent Girls in Govt. Girls Sr.
Sec. School Portmore, Shimla (HP) With the View to Determine the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching
Program on Anemia
Veena Ranaut, Pooja Sood, Ranjna Thakur 30
5. Short Communication: Water Borne Diseases – Their Knowledge and Prevention
Ashu Kesar 37
Contents

IJIN (2016) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Immunological Nursing
ISSN: 2456-1592 (online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching
Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Swine Flu
Among Staff Nurses Working at IGMC and Hospital Shimla H.P.
Krishna Chauhan*, Bimla Verma, Kiran Kumari, Amita Kumari, Anupma Datta, Anupma,
Archana Anand, Ayushi Verma, Bandana Devi
Sister Nivedita Government Nursing College, IGMC, Shimla (H.P.), India
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of planned teaching program on
knowledge regarding prevention of swine flu among staff nurses working at IGMC and
Hospital, Shimla (H.P.). Quantitative research approach and one group pre and post-test
research design was adopted for the study. Fifty staff nurses were selected by using
convenient sampling technique. Demographic data was collected by using proforma and
knowledge of staff nurses was collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire. The
descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for analysis. The study findings
revealed that during the pre-test, 4% of staff nurses had average level of knowledge, 78% of
staff nurses had good level of knowledge, 18% of staff nurses had very good level of
knowledge, whereas in post-test knowledge none of the staff nurses had average level of
knowledge, 24% of staff nurses had good level of knowledge, 76% of staff nurses had very
good level of knowledge after giving planned teaching program. The findings of the study
reveal that planned teaching program is effective in enhancing the knowledge of staff nurses
regarding prevention of swine flu. The study also revealed that the difference obtained in the
mean pre-and post-test knowledge was the true difference not by chance. Hence, it can be
concluded that planned teaching program is effective and this study is significant and can be
recommended to other researches on the basis of this study.
Keywords: knowledge, planned teaching program, staff nurses, swine flu
INTRODUCTION
India is the second most populous country
in the world next to china. With a
population of 1,282,390,303 by year 2015,
India is supporting about 17.5% of the
world population.[1]
Swine flu has been
declared as global pandemic in June 2009
by World Health Organization (WHO).
H1N1 was first reported in Mexico on
March 18th, 2009 and then spread to
neighboring United States and Canada. As
on June 21st, 2009, WHO has reported
44,287 laboratory-confirmed cases of
influenza.[2]
The first case of swine flu in
India was found on airport, Hyderabad on
May 13, 2009, when a man travelling from
U.S. to India was found H1N1 positive. As
of May 24, 2010 10,193 cases of swine flu
have been confirmed with 1035 deaths.[3]
The swine flu, medically known as swine
influenza, is a general term for a variety of
strains of influenza virus commonly found
in pigs. Sometimes, some people who have
frequent, close contact with pigs, such as
farmers or veterinarians, may catch a strain
of the swine flu from pigs. The swine flu
can spread from person to person when

IJIN (2016) 7-8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Editorial Insight: Are the Indian Nursing Staff Stationed at
Health Centers Updated About Newer Vaccines in the Universal
Immunization Programme?
Kedar Mehta*
, Paragkumar Chavda
Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)
is a Government funded vaccination
program running in India since 1985.[1]
There have been many changes brought in
this programme since it was first launched
in 1985. Many newer vaccines have been
introduced in this programme recently. So,
there is a need of updating the knowledge
about these newer vaccines, their need,
their dose, site, schedule and route of
administration among health care
professionals including nursing staff.
Four major changes have been made in the
UIP since 2012.[2]
First, zero dose of
hepatitis B has been introduced which is
given to the child after birth along with
zero dose of oral polio and BCG vaccines.
Second change is the introduction of
pentavalent vaccine which is to be given at
6, 10 and 14 weeks replacing the DPT
vaccine. Third change is that 2nd dose of
measles vaccine have been introduced
which is to be given at 1.5–2 years of age
along with DPT booster. Fourth, recently
the trivalent OPV has been replaced by
bivalent OPV in the entire nation from
April 25th, 2016.
In India, the large part of the population
gets the vaccination for their children at
the outreach sessions for immunization
which are held in close proximity to the
community. These are organized by the
female health workers. The female health
workers are the paramedical staff
championing this herculean task of
vaccination of children in the field.
There is another cadre of paramedical staff
in the category of staff nurses who are
stationed at the health centers and
hospitals at primary, secondary and
tertiary level. With increasing access of
health services to the people more than
73% of deliveries in India are conducted in
the institutions as per a latest coverage
evaluation survey.[3]
The staff nurses
available round the clock at these
hospitals, Community Health Centres and
24×7 Primary Health Centres are the first
contact with the newborns, children and
the mothers. So, they are a potential source
of information and service provision with
regard to vaccination for all those clients
attending these centers.
Now the existing national program has
provision for refresher training of the field
staff, i.e., female health workers on
updates in immunization. Yet, there is no
systematic program for including the staff
nurses stationed at the health centers and
hospitals in such refresher training
programs. This could lead to missed
opportunities in vaccination for all those
eligible children who come in contact with
them. We suggest that there should be
Continued Medical Education (CME) or
small refresher training on immunization
at regular interval so that all the newer
changes in the vaccination schedule can be
discussed at length with these health care
professionals as well. Such a step although
looks small will help us make the program
more inclusive. On long run, there is also a

Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Prevention
Regarding the Water Borne Diseases Among Mothers of Under
Five Year Children to Prepare Health Education Module in
Selected Hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Ashu Kesar*, Santosh Arora
Combined Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
This study was done to assess the knowledge of mothers regarding water borne diseases and
its prevention among children under 5 years of age with a view to prepare health education
pamphlet in a selected area of a hospital at Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The purpose of the study
was to assess the mother’s knowledge so as to identify the deficit area regarding water borne
diseases among children under five years of age. The sample consisted of 50 mothers of
children with under 5 years of age, who visited the Pediatric Ward of the hospital. Analysis of
the data revealed that the highest mean knowledge score of mothers regarding water borne
disease was found in age group above 35 years (29.85); least knowledge in age group 26–30
years (31–35). The highest mean knowledge score regarding water borne diseases was found
in urban mothers (28.70) than rural mothers (26.43). The difference of place of living was
statistically significant at p<0.05 level. The highest mean knowledge score regarding water
borne diseases found in Hindu mothers (31.70) than other religions. Graduate mothers had
higher mean knowledge score (32.83) when compared to others regarding water borne
diseases.
Keywords: children, descriptive study, knowledge, mother’s knowledge, prevention
INTRODUCTION
“The health and survival of child depends
upon the health status of mothers and
awareness, education and skill in mother
craft.” Singh Meharban (2005)
Mother is the best primary health worker.
In view of her constant and continued
contact with her child, she is best person to
identify the early evidence illness and
minor development deviation from normal.
Water is universal healer. It is synonymous
with life. A basic necessity water is
nature’s most generous gift to man. It is
one of man’s most important assets. Water
is an essential factor in economic social
and cultural development of a community.
It is not only a refreshing drink and an
effective cleansing agent but also a vital
medicine. It can eliminate water-borne
diseases, promote rural development and
improve the quality of life. Worldwide
every year between 500,000 to 800,000
children under the age of five die due to
diarrhea. The deaths occur due to
malnutrition resulting from a loss of vital
body fluids and salts in the motions. In
India over 6 lakh children die every year
from diarrhea, making it the second largest
killer disease among children between the
age of 6 months and 3 years.[1]

Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Anemia and Its Prevention
Among Adolescent Girls in Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School Portmore,
Shimla (HP) With the View to Determine the Effectiveness of
Structured Teaching Program on Anemia
Veena Ranaut*, Pooja Sood, Ranjna Thakur
Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College, IGMC, Shimla, India
Abstract
Background: Girls who reach an adolescent stage have a higher possibility of being at risk
for anemia and malnutrition. Severe effects can be observed during a girl’s reproductive
phase and beyond that, if adequate nutrition is not provided during her adolescence. Methods
& materials: The present study was concluded to assess the knowledge regarding anemia and
its prevention among adolescent girls in Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School Portmore, Shimla (HP).
Total sample of 100 were taken from Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School Portmore, Shimla (HP). Non
probability convenient sampling technique was used for selection of samples. Data was
collected from May 23 to May 29, 2015. Variables for the study were age, class in which
study, religion, residence, type of family, total family members, number of children’s, number
of male and female children, dietary pattern, education of father and mother, occupation of
father and mother, family income, menstrual history. The tool comprised of questionnaire to
assess the knowledge of anemia and its prevention among adolescent girls. The gathered data
was analyzed by calculating mean standard deviation, chi- square and paired t- test. Result
of the study: The study results revealed that in pretest 22% subjects had poor knowledge,
36% subjects had average, 30% subjects had good and 12% had very good level of
knowledge regarding Anemia and its prevention. No subjects had excellent knowledge in
prevention of anemia, whereas, in post-test 2% had poor knowledge, 14% had average &, 31
% had good level of knowledge, 45% had very good level of knowledge and 8% had excellent
level of knowledge. Study also reveals that total mean of knowledge pretest scores of
adolescent girls was 46.74 and post-test knowledge scores was 63.41. Conclusion: Study also
revealed that there was significant improvement in knowledge regarding anemia and its
prevention (t=11.658, p=0.000) among adolescent girls. On the basis of total mean score the
findings revealed that the knowledge of adolescent girls was good regarding anemia and its
prevention. The post- test mean knowledge score was greater than the pretest mean
knowledge score.
Keywords: adolescent, assess, effectiveness, knowledge, planned teaching programme
INTRODUCTION
One of the most prevalent nutritional
deficit disease and a major public health
concern all over the world affecting both
males and females of all ages is anemia.
According to the WHO anemia has been
defined as “ A condition in which the
number of RBCs or their oxygen-carrying
capacity is inadequate to meet physiologic
demands of the body, which vary by sex,

Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Short Communication: Water Borne Diseases – Their Knowledge
and Prevention
Ashu Kesar
Combined Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Uttarakhand, India
Water borne diseases refer to the
infections and diseases that are spread
primarily due to contaminated water.
Water is a common healer universally. It is
synonymous with life. A basic necessity
water is nature’s most generous gift to
man.[1]
It's one in every of man’s most
vital assets. Water is a vital element in
economic, social and cultural development
of a group. It is not just an energizing
drink but also a powerful purifying
specialist additionally an indispensable
pharmaceutical. It can wipe out water-
borne ailments, advance provincial
improvement and improve the standard of
life.[2-5]
Worldwide consistently between
500,000 and 800,000 youngsters less than
five years old die because diarrhea. This
happens because of starvation due to loss
of imperative body liquids and salts. In
India more than 6 lakh youngsters die each
year due to this, making it the second
largest killer among kids between the age
of 6 months and 3 years. The quantity of
water taps per 1000 individuals is a finer
sign of wellbeing than the quantity of beds
in hospitals. Approximately 10 to 25
million individuals die every year from
infections brought about by unclean or
deficient water or insufficient sanitation.
W.H.O. gauges that enhancements in
water and sanitation – related practices and
advancements could lessen disease and
sickness by upto 80%. The most well-
known and common hazard connected
with drinking water is pollution, either
specifically or indirectly by human or
animal excreta.[7-9]
Drinking contaminated
water or utilizing it for washing fruits and
vegetables as well as using it for cooking
purposes can lead to spreading of water-
related diseases. The pathogenic organisms
include different microscopic organisms,
infections and protozoa which may bring
about illnesses that can cause mild form of
gastro enteritis to extreme and once in a
while looseness of the bowels, diarrhea,
hepatitis or typhoid fever. Man's wellbeing
affected by the consumption of
contaminated water through directly
drinking contaminated water or else by
using it to prepare food or for other works
related to one’s personal hygiene.
Developing nations suffer from larger rates
of water related infections, the most
common being the diarrheal diseases. In
India, water contamination is getting to be
one significant issue.[2, 7, 8]
The coliform
bacteria are continually present in
incredible amounts in the human digestive
tract. It is assessed that a normal individual
discharges 200–400 billion of these
bacteria every day. As these bacteria are
not commonly found in portable water,
hence it is believed to be transported
through fecal contamination.
In 2002 IMCI stated that worldwide more
than 10 million children below the age of
five years die; out of which half of the
deaths occur due to diarrheal
complications.[10, 11]
Water borne maladies are transmitted by
dirty and contaminated water, food and
flies. The rain water after getting in touch
with ground gets contaminated with
microscopic organisms, dust, chemicals
depending upon what is available in the
climate through which it passes. Numerous

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