International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control vol 2 issue 2

IJPNC
JUL–DEC 2016
www.journalspub.com
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,
Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India
E-mail: info@journalspub.com
¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy and
Applications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering
¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design
¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing
¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design
« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology
« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies
« International Journal of Digital Electronics
« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement
Planning
« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure
Planning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning
Development
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
5 more...
1 more...
2 more...
2 more...
5 more...
Computer Science and Engineering
« International Journal of Wireless Network Security
« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis
« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices
« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing
« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology
« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology
« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials
« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and its
Commercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
« International Journal of Agrochemistry
« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering
« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering
« International Journal of Concrete Technology
« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis
« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering
« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
« International Journal of Automatic Control System
« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives
« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering
« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering
« International Journal of Energetic Materials
« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials
« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology
« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry
« International Journal of Photochemistry
« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry
« International Journal of Green Chemistry
« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics and
Mechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design and
Manufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics
and Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damage
Mechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanics
and Finite Elements
5 more...
4 more...
3 more...
Biotechnology
« International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and
Biomaterials
« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology
« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology
« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules
« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
Applications
3 more...
Nursing
« International Journal of Immunological Nursing
« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
« International Journal of Neurological Nursing
« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing
« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
5 more... 4 more...
Subm
it
Your A
rticle2017

International Journals Publisher
JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work
by Division of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our
Honorable EditorialBoard Members from renownedinstitutes.
ObjectivesofJournalsPub
 JournalsPub is international scholarly journal that publishes peer reviewed journal in the frontier areas of
AppliedSciences,MedicalandEngineering.
 JournalsPub publishes Original Research Papers, Review Papers, Popular Articles, Short
Communications&CaseStudy.
 Publishingspecialissues on Proceedingsof Conferences,SeminarsandSymposia.
 JournalsPub Publishes issues twice a year (bi-annually) in English-language which is available online
(openaccess)andinprintedversionwithagoaltopromoteanextensiveacademicawareness.
 JournalsPub desires to set a good benchmark in the publishing industry by launching more than 100+
new International Journals to help the scientific community to enhance communication within the
research communities and maintain a balance between the existing and emerging interdisciplinary
technologies.
 JournalsPub aims to provide quality research articles for Academic Researchers, Industrial
Professionals, Engineers, Scientists, Professors, etc. working in the areas of Applied Sciences, Medical
andEngineeringtocontributeandcommunicateinnovativework.
SalientFeatures
 An umbrellaof 100+ journalsthatcoversAppliedSciences,MedialandEngineeringArena.
 The first and one of the rapidly emerging publication website in Country as well as overseas for its
excellenceandexposure.
 Universaltransmissionandreflectivity.
 ARigorous, Fast andConstructivePeerReviewProcess
 SpeedyPublicationof Manuscripts
 EminentEditorialBoardMembersfromrenownedorganizations.
 FreeRegistration,OnlineSubmission, Processing, Publication&OnlineAccessofManuscripts.
 Thejournalpublishesnovelresearcharticleswithemphasison theoreticalandexperimentalwork.
International Journal of
Pollution and Noise Control

JournalsPub (Division of Dhruv Infosystems Private Ltd.) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor,
CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journals. Statements and
opinionsexpressedintheJournalreflecttheviews oftheAuthor(s) andarenottheopinionofJournalsPub unlessso stated.
Subscription Information and Order
Cost of Journal
National Subscription
Rs. 3000/-perJournal(includes2 printissues), SingleIssue copypurchaseRs.1800/copy
International Subscription
OnlineOnly- $99, PrintOnly-$149 (includes2printissues)
Online+ Print-$199(includes2printissues +onlineaccessof publishedbackvolumes)
To purchaseprintcompilationof backissues pleasesendyourqueryatinfo@journalspub.com
Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India include speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without
notice.
Mode of Payment:At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. ltd.,
payableatDelhi/NewDelhi.
OnlineAccess Policy
A). ForAuthors:
In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, JournalsPub also have OpenAccess Policy;
Authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as
follows:
India,SARC andAfricanCountries:INR 1500 includingsinglehardcopyofAuthor's Journal.
OtherCountries:USD 200includingsinglehardcopyofAuthor's Journal.
B.) ForSubscribers:
Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of correct
informationonuser details/StaticIPaddress of thesubscriber.
The accesswillbeblocked:
If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking due to technical issue. Misuse of the access rights
as pertheaccesspolicy.
Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: JournalsPub with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media
for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc.These
journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue.
The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very
welcome.
LostIssue Claims:Pleasenotethefollowingwhen applyingfor lostor missingissues:
Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the next issue
as perthefrequency.
Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will be
entertainedonlywiththeproofs whichwillbeverifiedatboththeends.
Claimsfiledduetoinsufficient(or nonotice)of changeof address willnotbehonored.
Change ofAddress of Dispatch should be intimated to JournalsPub at least 2 months prior to the dispatch schedule as per
thefrequencyby mentioningsubscriberID andthesubscriptionID.
Refundrequestswillnotbeentertained.
LegalDisputes
AllthelegaldisputesaresubjectedtoDelhiJurisdictiononly.
If you haveanyquestions,pleasecontactthePublicationManagementTeam:
info@journalspub.com;Tel:+910120-4347644.

International Journal of
Pollution and Noise Control
International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control intends to provide its readers with swift and concrete
information on the advancements in the field of pollution control. Editors recommend high quality papers
that are original and comprehensive in nature and those that focus on the application of the work done.
Journal also encourages review articles that cover all aspects of pollution control and that can have an
immediateimpacton theongoingresearch.
Focus andScopeoftheJournal
 Assessment of risk from air, water and soil pollution
 Feasible remedies for treatment and prevention of pollution
 Protection of groundwater from pollutants
 Waste disposal techniques and waste water management
 Life cycle assessment
 Feasibility study of pollutants
 Impacts of pollutants on ecology
 Assessment of environmental policies and legal aspects
 Assessment of water quality
International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control is published twice a year (bi-annual) in India by
JournalsPub - an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not
essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the
advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing
aprescriptionfor anyproductsmentionedinthispublication.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written
permissiontothepublisher.
To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English
reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub
(info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM
INTERNAL MEMBERS
Associate Manager
Chairman
Mr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director,
JournalsPub,
New Delhi
Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Deepika Bhadauria
Rekha Rani
Commissioning Editors
Dr. Chhavi Goel
Manisha Dhoble

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Jayanta Kumar Biswas
International Centre for Ecological Engineering,
University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia (West
Bengal), India
Dr. Harishankar Chandra
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Vishwavidyalaya Engineering College,
Lakhanpur, Sarguja University, Ambikapur
Chhattisgarh, India
Dr. T. R. Vijayaram
School of Mechanical and Building Sciences
SMBS, VIT University, Chennai, India
Dr. K J Sreekanth
Mar Baselios College of Engineering &
Technology, University of Kerala, Trivandrum
(Kerala), India
Dr. Ajay Bharti
Department of Civil Engineering, NERIST,
Nirjuli, Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh), India
Dr. Sohail Ayub
Department of Civil Engineering,
Z. H. College, India
Dilip B Kulkarni
Institute of Engineers (India), Kolkata, &
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Gobinath Ravindran
Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram
Group of Institution, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur
(Tamil Nadu), India
Shivaji Bhandarkar
Department of Automobile Engineering,
Pusa Institute, DTTE, New Delhi, India
Balaram Kundu
Jadavpur University, Kolkata,
India
Jahar Sarkar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT
Varanasi, India
Dr Ramjee Repaka
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar,
India
Dr. D. Siva Prasad
GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, India
Poonam Diwan
Assistant Professor, Sarguja university, India
Dr. Veeredhi Vasudeva Rao
Professor, Department of Mechanical and
Industrial Engineering, College of Science
Engineering and Technology, University of
South Africa, Pretoria.
Dr Shaharin A. Sulaiman
Dr Shaharin A. Sulaiman, Associate Professor,
Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 31750 Tronoh,
Perak Malaysia, Malaysia
Dr. R. Suriyaprabha
Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, K. S.
Rangasamy College of Technology,
Tiruchengode,Tamil Nadu India
Dr Mohamed Musadag El-Awad
Sohar College of Applied Sciences Sohar Oman,
Oman

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control. This journal is part of the
Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Pollution and Noise Control
issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of
emergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Pollution and Noise Control
as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and
technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering community, addressing
researchers andpractitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control in Journals Pub is to propagate
novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional
research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Pollution and Noise Control in general.
JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-
time&successfully.
International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control focuses on original high-quality research in the realm
of Protection of groundwater from pollutants, Waste disposal techniques and waste water management, Life
cycleassessment, Feasibilitystudyofpollutants,Impacts ofpollutantson ecology,etc.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Pollution and
NoiseControland solutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Pollution and Noise
Control community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of
creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting
newdevelopmentsinthefieldofPollutionandNoiseControl.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will
stimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofPollutionandNoiseControl.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Fabrication of Compressed Air Vehicle
C. Chinglenthoiba, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar 1
2. A Short Account on Merits and Demerits of Compressed Air Engine Applications
C. Chinglenthoiba, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar 7
3. A Review of Renewable Energy Resources: Current Status and Their Enabling Technology
Khagendra Kushwaha, Rahul Agrawal, Govind Patel 10
4. Geothermal Energy and Its Future as Renewable Energy
Sauradeep Niyogi 19
5. Recent Trends of Hybrid Solar Dryer
Sourav Kumar, Pardeep Kumar 25
Contents

IJPNC (2016) 1-6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Fabrication of Compressed Air Vehicle
C. Chinglenthoiba*
, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College Namakkal, Affiliated to Anna
University, Chennai, India
ABSTRACT
To meet the increasing demand for the fossil fuel consumption with increasing population
and automobiles, various advancements such as hybrid electric vehicles, solar vehicles,
hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicles are being attained in automobile sector. Also the
increasing level of automobile pollutants and global warming due to increase in the
percentage of CO2 demands a cleaner technology like compressed air technology (CAT).
Keywords: compressed air technology, effective renewable alternative energy, zero pollution
vehicle
INTRODUCTION
Many research have been carried out in the
field of automotive sector to find a fuel
which best suits the requirements.
Though hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, etc.
proved to be good alternatives the
environmental degradation also demanded
a cleaner fuel.
This led to the development of air engine
in the middle of 19th century by Andraud
and Tessie’ Du Motay in Paris.[1–5]
The air engine is the one which uses
compressed air as a fuel.
Here the pressure energy of the
compressed air is converted into kinetic
energy. Because it is devoid of combustion
the exhaust consists nothing but cold air
thus making it a zero pollution engine.
Objective
The main objectives are:
 To find an effective alternative fuel for
the future.
 To develop a zero pollution vehicle
and hence contribute to the act of
reducing global warming.
 To make automobile common for a
common man.
 To formulate economic way of
transportation.
 To minimize the usage of fast
depleting non-renewable resources
especially gasoline and diesel.
PREVIOUS WORKS
Here few researches are outlined as given
below related to compressed air engine.
Air fueled zero emission road
transportation: In a comparative study,
Haisheng Chen et al. adopted two
technologies typical compressed air and
liquid air power systems for co.
Figures 1–4 show schematic diagram and
working of cycle on temperature – entropy
diagram for the both systems.
As per author’s knowledge and belief only
few works reported on this study.[6–17]

IJPNC (2016) 7–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
A Short Account on Merits and Demerits of Compressed Air
Engine Applications
C. Chinglenthoiba*
, V. Balaji, B. Abbas, A. Madhan Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University,
Namakkal, Chennai, India
BACKGROUND
The Compressed air vehicles so far are
used in two types of applications typically
(1) Two wheeler application
(2) Four wheeler applications
ADVANTAGES
The following are the important merits of
compressed air engine:
 It serves as an alternate fuel
Since compressed air has the potential
to move the piston by virtue of its
pressure energy, it can be served as an
alternate fuel.
 Reduced fuel cost compared to
gasoline and diesel engines
Cost of compressed air per km to run
the vehicle is less compared to that of
using gasoline or diesel due to their
increase in demand and cost in the
market.
 Reduced emission as compared to
present vehicles (eco-friendly)
Since the air engine is devoid of
combustion there are no harmful gases
in their exhaust. The exhaust contains
nothing but the expanded cold air.
 The fuel used is a renewable one
The air engine uses compressed air as
fuel. Atmospheric air is a renewable
source of energy which can be
compressed by means of a compressor
which when running on electric current
generated by renewable energy source
becomes a zero polluting engine.[1–17]
 Low exhaust temperature
Compressed air on expansion loses its
temperature. This reduction in
temperature is directly proportional to
the initial pressure of air stored in the
tank. This chilled air can be used for
air conditioning of the vehicle.
 Very less lubrication is required
Due to the absence of combustion in
the engine its working temperature is
reduced considerably.
The heat generated in the engine is
only due to the friction of moving
parts. So very less lubrication is
required.
 Much like electrical vehicles, air
powered vehicles would ultimately be
powered through the electrical grid.
This makes it easier to focus on
reducing pollution from one source, as
opposed to the millions of vehicles on
the road.
 Transportation of the fuel would not be
required due to drawing power off the
electrical grid. This presents significant
cost benefits. Pollution created during
fuel transportation would be
eliminated.
Compressed-air technology reduces the
cost of vehicle production by about
20%, because there is no need to build
a cooling system, fuel tank, Ignition
Systems or silencers.
 The engine can be massively reduced
in size.
 The engine runs on cold or warm air,
so can be made of lower strength light
weight material such as aluminium,
plastic, low friction Teflon or a
combination.


Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
A Review of Renewable Energy Resources: Current Status and
Their Enabling Technology
Khagendra Kushwaha*
, Rahul Agrawal*
, Govind Patel
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
The increase in rapid industrialization for different development programs have created
energy crisis for many developing countries. If this increase in demand will rely upon Coal
based thermal power plants, it results in environment pollution and high cost of generation.
So the best alternate solution is to develop plants based on renewable sources of energy in
the country. The potential for renewable energy resources is enormous because they can, in
principle, exponentially exceed the world's energy demand; therefore, these types of
resources will have a significant share in the future global energy portfolio. The Renewable
sources of energy include Energy from Biomass, Geothermal Energy, Hydro power energy,
wind Energy and Solar Energy. Biomass can be explained as all organic material originating
from plants, trees and crops, and is essentially the collection and storage of the sun's energy
through photosynthesis. Geothermal energy is the energy contained as heat in the Earth’s
interior and considered as a cost effective, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy
source. Hydropower is based on a simple process taking the advantage of the kinetic energy
freed by the falling water and a source of clean energy and its generation is not linked to
issues concerning fuel supply, especially the price volatility of imported fuels. Solar energy is
radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies
such as solar heating, photovoltaics’, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial
photosynthesis. This paper presents current scenario, scientific developments and
deployment of Renewable sources of Energy.
Keywords: energy, geothermal, hydro, resources, renewable
INTRODUCTION
Energy is considered to be a key factor in
the generation of wealth, social
development and improved quality of life
in all developed and developing countries
in the world [1]. The global energy
consumption is likely to grow faster than
the population growth. Estimates of the
world primary energy consumption are
that 80% of the energy supply is provided
by fossil fuels [2]. Conventional energy
sources based on oil, coal, and natural gas
have proven to be highly effective drivers
of economic progress. However, with the
rapid depletion of conventional energy
sources and increasing energy demand,
worldwide primary energy consumption
has grown by 1.8% in 2012 [3].
Renewable energies are energy sources
that are continually replenished by nature
and derived directly from the sun (such as
thermal, photo-chemical, and photo-
electric), indirectly from the sun (such as
wind, hydropower, and photosynthetic
energy stored in biomass), or from other
natural movements and mechanisms of the
environment (such as geothermal and tidal
energy). Renewable energy does not
include energy resources derived from

Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Geothermal Energy and Its Future as Renewable Energy
Sauradeep Niyogi*
School of Engineering and Technology, Poornima University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the use of geothermal energy in our energy system. The paper stresses
with different ways in which geothermal energy can be converted into electrical energy. The
paper also shows the different geothermal projects in the world and some potenial regions
where Geothermal energy can be extracted in India. The paper then discusses some
alternative uses of geothermal energy. The paper at last suggests some technological
changes which can be applied in future to make this potential energy much more useful.
Keywords: compressed CO2, electricity, graphene, geothermal energy
INTRODUCTION
The term Geothermal originates from two
Geek words 'GEO' and 'THERM'. The
Greek word ‘geo’ means the earth whilst
their word for ‘therm’ means heat from
the earth.All the renewable energies are
provided by natural resources such as
sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal
heat. Through the use of advanced
engineering technologies, we are able to
collect the energy and to convert it in a
more usable form. Geothermal energy is
extracted from the heat stored in earth.
The earth’s centre is a distance of
approximately 4000 miles and is so hot
that it is molten. Temperatures are
understood to be at least 5000 degrees
centigrade.[1]
This heat from the center of
earth conducts outwards and heat up the
rocks. Rain water sometimes seeps down
through geological fault lines and cracks
becoming super heated by the hot rocks
below. Some of this super heated water
rises back to the surface of the earth where
it emerges as hot springs or even
geysers. Sometimes the hot water becomes
trapped below the surface as a geothermal
reservoir. Pumps are used to extract the
heat and use it for different purposes.
BACKGROUND OF GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY
Geothermal energy is well esteblished
energy sector. Earlier In 2008 Geothermal
power production exceeded three times
that of solar power. Current growth in
geothermal sector is steady, but rather
slow. While wind and solar photovoltaic
energy are undergoing acclerating growth
in its development, geothermal energy has
rather sen a linear growth. So far its
deployment has relied mainly on hot rocks
and water located on special geothermal
places.[2–5]
USE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
There are two main categories of
utilization of geothermal energy and they
are power generation and direct use.
Direct use of geothermal energy means
that the thermal energy from underground
is used directly as heat, rather than being
used to generate electricity. There are
significant advantages of geothermal
energy over other energy sources.
Geothermal energy is available around the
clock, independent of the time of day and
night, or of the current climatic conditions.

IJPNC (2016) 25-32© JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 25
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Recent Trends of Hybrid Solar Dryer
Sourav Kumar, Pardeep Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Poornima University, India
ABSTRACT
In most of the countries trends are agricultural product drying under the open sun. This type
of drying method degrade the quality of product due external impurities are settle down on
product, require lots of land for drying and decrease the drying rate. The efficiency of
agricultural dryers could be increased through the use of a combination of solar and
biomass heating sources, compared to conventional dryers with only solar or only biomass
heating sources. The use of solar energy for, heating, distillation, cooking, drying,
refrigeration and air conditioning and power generation is increasing day by day because of
a high consumption rate of fossil fuels, round the globe and systems are there which
performs on solar energy to fulfill the demand of, cooking, distillation, water heating, etc.
Solar energy based drying techniques offer better return on investment to farmers. The
drying process in the hybrid forced mode of operation is twice faster than the sun drying.
Basically, there are three types of solar dryers; direct solar dryers, indirect solar dryers and
mixed-mode dryers. This paper is focused on hybrid solar dryers. Drying proceeded
successfully even under unfavorable weather conditions in the hybrid mode of operation
these are the most cost effective type of dryers and are easy to fabricate and use. In this
paper, we viewed different types of hybrid solar dryers and different design modifications
applied to them in order to increase their effectiveness.
Keyword: biomass heating source, drying process, indirect solar dryer, investment, mixed-
mode dryer
INTRODUCTION
The use of solar energy is continuously
progressive because of an efficient and
cost free source on the earth. Globally,
solar energy contributes to all the
necessary heating and cooling tasks such
as, cooking, crop drying, water heating,
space heating, timber seasoning, power
generation, refrigeration, air conditioning,
etc. The qualities of this free fuel from the
sun are, pollution free fuel, available in
good amount at almost locations on the
earth, abandon source of energy, reduced
greenhouse gas emissions, recovery of
despoiled land, less requirement for
transmission lines within the power grid,
progress in the quality of water resources,
etc.
Most tropical regions high levels of solar
radiation throughout the year, much of this
radiation are absorbed by frequent rain
and persistent cloud cover. Due to
inadequate preservation techniques
available to farmers in developing
countries, large quantities of agricultural
output with high moisture contents are lost
annually due to decomposition by
microorganisms. This results in reduction
of the net agricultural output and
subsequent reduction in the gross domestic
product (GDP) of the developing
countries.

International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control vol 2 issue 2

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control vol 2 issue 2

Similar to International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control vol 2 issue 2 (16)

More from JournalsPub www.journalspub.com

More from JournalsPub www.journalspub.com (19)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control vol 2 issue 2