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 Manufacturing technology
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 Transportation
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From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Production Engineering. This journal is part of the
Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Production Engineering
issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of
emergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Production Engineering as
an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and
technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Production Engineering Science community,
addressing researchersand practitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International journal of Production Engineering in JournalsPub is to propagate novel
awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research
societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Production engineering in general. JournalsPub
acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time &
successfully.
International Journal of Production Engineering focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of
Manufacturing technology, Production planning and control, Casting tend machining technology, Tool
engineering,Precisionmanufacturing,Managementengineering.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Production
Engineeringandsolutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Production
engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of
creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting
newdevelopmentsinthefieldofProductionEngineering.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
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editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Production engineering
readers andwillstimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofProductionEngineering.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. A Review of Renewable Energy Technologies Integrated With Desalination System
Rahul Agrawal, Saurabh Mathur 1
2. Trends of Production and Consumption of Energy as Per Conventional Sources in India
Kiran Gaur 9
3. Analysis of Energy Storage from Exhaust of an Internal Combustion Engine
Mohit Kumar 16
4. Application of Evaporative Condenser in Energy Saving and Performance Improvement of
Domestic Air Conditioner: A Review
Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Ramanand Sharma 20
5. Comparative Analysis of Coal Blends on Captive Thermal Power Plant: Concentrate
Different Parameters Effect on Its Efficiency
Ravindra Mahawar, Ratnesh Sharma, Abhishek Sanghi 28
Contents

IJPE (2016) 1-8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Production Engineering
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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A Review of Renewable Energy Technologies Integrated With
Desalination System
Rahul Agrawal*
, Saurabh Mathur
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
Seawater desalination technologies have been developed in large numbers during the last
decades to supplement the supply of water in many arid regions of the world. Due to the
limitations of high desalination costs, many countries are unable to afford these technologies
as a resource for fresh water. However, the energy required to run desalination plants put a
constraint for its effective use. The idea behind the use of renewable energy sources is
fundamentally attractive and many researches have been done in this area. When the global
reserves of fossil fuels are decreasing which results in threatening the long-term
sustainability of global economy the only option is the use of Renewable energy which
provides a variable and environmental friendly option and national energy security. The
integration of renewable resources in desalination and water purification is becoming
increasingly attractive. This is justified by the fact that plenty of solar energy is available in
the areas of fresh water shortages. In this paper an attempt has been made to present a
review, in brief, work of the highlights that have been achieved during the recent years
worldwide and the state-of-the-art for most important efforts in the field of desalination by
renewable energies, with emphasis on technologies and economics. Renewable energies for
use in desalination processes include wind, solar thermal, photovoltaic and geothermal.
Many studies of water desalination costs appear regularly in water desalination and
renewable energy related publications. Economics of desalination seem to be very much site
specific and the cost per cubic meter ranges from installation to installation. The variability
in economics exists because the water cost depends upon many factors, most important of
which are the desalination method, the level of feed water salinity, the energy source, the
capacity of the desalting plant, and other site related factors.
Keywords: desalination technologies, energy, geothermal, renewable, solar
INTRODUCTION
Water is a basic human right and it is used
in the field of agriculture, industries and
domestic purpose. Approximately one
fourth of mankind is suffering from
inadequate supply of fresh water [1].
Owing to the foreseen growth of
population worldwide (especially in the
developing countries), the above
mentioned situation will be more and more
critical over the next two decades or so [2].
The U.S. Geological Survey [3] found that
96.5% of Earth’s water is located in seas
and oceans and 1.7% of Earth’s water is
located in the ice caps. Approximately
0.8% is considered to be fresh water. The
remaining percentage is made up of
brackish water, slightly salty water found
as surface water in estuaries and as
groundwater in salty aquifers [4].
The shortage of potable water poses a big
problem in remote and arid regions. In
many regions of the world, pollution and

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Trends of Production and Consumption of Energy as Per
Conventional Sources in India
Kiran Gaur*
Department of Statistics, Banasthali University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
India is the second most populous country in the world, with population 1210 million by
census 2011. This causes substantial burden on the environment and on energy resources.
Fossil fuels are the major sources of conventional energy. At present, many countries,
including India are overly dependent on fossil fuels to meet their requirement for power. The
known reserves of fossil fuels have depleted to a large extent due to its continued use and if
it continues, there is risk of complete exhaustion of these sources of energy. The present
paper is an attempt to study the pattern of production and consumption of chief conventional
sources of energy in India from the year 2005-06 to 2013-14. Data for the purpose is taken
from Energy Statistics-2015 published by the Central Statistics Office, Ministry of statistics
and programme implementation. It is evident from the analysis of data that the production of
Energy by primary Sources has increased by 3.28 % from the year 2005 to 2014. At the same
time the Consumption of conventional energy in the country has risen from 15146 to 24071
Peta joules in this period showing an increase of 5.28%. This clearly reflects the demand–
supply imbalance of energy and emphases on energy conservation.
Keywords: conservation, conventional source, energy, trends
INTRODUCTION
India is one of the fastest growing
countries in the world and the Indian
economy has experienced remarkable
economic growth over the last decade.
Today, India is the ninth largest economy
in the world, having a real GDP growth of
8.7%. This high degree of sustained
economic growth is placing massive
demand on its energy resources. Energy
production and consumption are among
the key inputs in attaining such growth.
Energy sector in India is one of the most
challenging sectors. Energy industry is
considered as the primary driver of Indian
economy as it is the major fuel for various
industries like power sector, steel,
chemical, fertilizers, paper, cement,
transport and thousands of burgeoning
Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in
India. Energy is critical, directly or
indirectly, in the entire process of
evolution, growth and survival of all living
beings and it plays a vital role in the socio-
economic development and human welfare
of a country. According to recent IBEF
estimates this sector contributes about 64%
of gross revenues of Government (both
Central and State together) through Taxes
and Duties. The energy sector comprises
of oil, natural gas, coal, petroleum, refined
products, electricity and others. The
empirical literature for electricity
consumption and economic growth
relationship is analyzed in detail in the
studies of Ozturk and Payne [1, 2].
Besides this, the growing population also
adding substantial burden on the
environment and on energy resources.

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Analysis of Energy Storage from Exhaust of an Internal
Combustion Engine
Mohit Kumar*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Kablana, Jhajjar,
Haryana, India
ABSTRACT
The current highlighted problems are related to scarcity of energy, and the exhaust waste
heat by the internal combustion engines which cause environmental pollution. The total heat
supplied to the engine in the form of fuel is partially converted into useful mechanical work;
rest will be ejected to the environment as exhaust gases which cause serious environmental
pollution. Exhaust gas formed due to the combustion of fuels such as natural gas,
gasoline/petrol, diesel, fuel oil or coal, which then discharged into the atmosphere through
an exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine carries away the heat
of combustion in abundant form. The energy available in the exit stream of many energy
conversion devices goes as waste, if not used properly. The main objective of the proposed
project is to utilize heat from the exhaust gases of a diesel engine and convert heat to useful
work. In the present work, a shell and finned tube heat exchanger integrated with an Internal
Combustion engine setup to extract heat from the exhaust gas and a thermal energy storage
tank used to store the excess energy available is investigated in detail. Energy supplied to an
engine is the heat value of the fuel consumed. But only a part of this energy is transferred
into useful work. From heat balance sheet of a typical IC engine, I found that the total heat
loss is around 35–45%, of which 33% is due to exhaust gases and the rest is lost to the
surroundings.
Keywords: combustion, energy, exhaust gas, heat, scarcity
*Corresponding Author
E-mail: mohitkumar295@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
The internal combustion engines are the
major consumer of fossil fuel around the
globe. Out of the total heat supplied, only
30 to 40% is converted into useful
mechanical work. The recovery and
utilization of waste heat not only
conserves fuel, usually fossil fuel but also
reduces the amount of waste heat and
greenhouse gases dumped to environment.
The legislation of exhaust emission levels
has concentrated on carbon monoxide
(CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides
(NOx), and particulate matter (PM).
Energy conservation on engine is one of
best ways to deal with these problems
since it can improve the energy utilization
efficiency of engine and reduces
emissions [2].
HEAT FROM I.C. ENGINE
Waste heat is generated in a process of
fuel combustion or chemical reaction.
Approximately 60 to 70% energy losses as
a waste heat through exhaust (30% as
engine cooling system and 30 to 40% as
environment through exhaust gas).
Exhaust gases immediately leaving the
engine can have temperatures as high up to
450–600°C.

Internal Combustion Engine Kumar
Benefits of ‘Waste Heat Recovery’
 Recovery of waste heat has a straight
effect by decrease in the utility
consumption and process cost.
 Reduction in pollution: A number of
toxic combustible wastes such as
carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons
(HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and
particulate matter (PM) etc., releasing
to atmosphere. Recovering of heat
reduces the environmental pollution
levels.
 Reduction in equipment sizes: Waste
heat recovery reduces the fuel
consumption, which leads to reduction
in the flue gas produced. This results in
reduction in equipment sizes.
EXPERIMENT ON TWIN CYLINDER
DIESEL ENGINE
Twin cylinder diesel engine specifications
 Vertical, double cylinder, water
cooled, compression ignition, 4 stroke.
 Power output 10 h.p. running at 1500
rpm.
 Engine’s moving parts are lubricated
by force feed and partly by splash
lubrication.
 Sensible centrifugal type governor
mounted on the camshaft gear.
 Water cooled engine is cooled by air
flow generated with the help of a fan
mounted on the flywheel called
conventional cooling.
 Test rig coupled with eddy current
dynamometer loading.
To estimate the exhaust gas temperature,
we conducted an experiment on the twin
cylinder Diesel engine available so that the
exhaust gas temperature could be
estimated.
The engine was tested at different loads
starting from 10 kg to 35 kg at different
time intervals, by connecting a
thermocouple at the engine’s exhaust. The
engine was running at a constant rpm of
1500 rpm.
The twin cylinder diesel engine was water
cooled and a dynamometer was attached at
the output.
Sl. no. Load (kg) Temperature (Celsius)
1. 0 285
2. 10 313
3. 15 345
4. 20 375
5. 25 410
6. 30 440
7. 35 450
EXPERIMENTAL REQUIRMENTS
I used the heat exchanger at the exhaust of
twin cylinder diesel engine and a low
boiling fluid i.e. Diethyl ether which used
the heat from the exhaust pipe of the
engine and vaporize the low boiling fluid
which is further used to rotate the turbine
which is basically other working unit
attached to the engine. The heat used by
the heat exchanger is used to vaporize the
working fluid and there is reduction in the
loss of exhaust heat as some heat is utilize
by the external unit which is attached to
the exhaust of the engine. The
performance parameters pertaining to the
heat exchanger and the storage tank such
as amount of heat recovered, heat lost, and
increased efficiency is evaluated.
Selection of Low Boiling Point Fluid
For the purpose of experiment a low
boiling point fluid was selected from the
list of low boiling point fluids. Taking into
consideration all the aspects the most
appropriate fluid was Diethyl Ether.
Properties
Molecular formula
C4H10O
C2H5OC2H5
Molar mass 74.12 g/mol
Appearance clear, colorless liquid
Density 0.7134 g/cm³, liquid
Melting point −116.3°C (156.85 K)
Boiling point 34.6°C (307.75 K)
Solubility in water 6.9 g/100 ml (20°C)
Viscosity 0.224 cP at 25°C

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Properties of Diethyl Ether
Diethyl ether, also known as ether and
ethoxy ethane, is a clear, colorless, and
highly flammable liquid with a low boiling
point and a characteristic odor.
RESULT
The twin cylinder diesel engine was
operated with diethyl ether which will
extract the heat from the exhaust gas and
hence convert it into steam by initially
taking diesel oil as the working fluid and
then introducing a low boiling point fluid.
The mass flow rate of the low boiling
point fluid was determined for optimum
heat recovery. Due to the heat exchange,
the liquid will become vapor and then it
will be directed to the transducer. After
conducting the experiment we found that
the exhaust gas temperature increases with
increasing load and reaches a maximum of
4500
C for full load condition.
The results are recorded in the table:
Load
(kg)
V
(Volts)
I
(A)
Time
for
20
c.c.
of
fuel
Air
inlet
temp.
Exhaust
gas
temp.
Water
inlet
temp.
)
Water
outlet
temp
)
Vapor
inlet
pressure
(bar)
Vapor
outlet
pressure
(bar)
TFC
(g/s)
Heat
lost
exhaust
gas
(kJ/hr)
Heat
lost
cooling
water
(kJ/hr)
0 240 - 84 26 44 28 44 0.35 0.60 - 12912.6 19223.3
10 240 5 76 26 44 28 44 0.45 0.65 0.13 16435.5 19223.3
15 240 8 62 26 44 28 44 0.50 0.70 0.17 17910.4 19223.3
20 240 12.5 53 26 44 28 44 0.65 0.75 0.19 19607.4 19223.3
25 240 17.5 47 26 44 28 44 0.75 0.90 0.26 20905.3 19223.3
30 240 22 34 26 44 28 44 0.95 1.00 0.34 20981.5 19223.3
35 240 26 26 26 44 28 44 1.00 1.15 0.39 21853.4 19223.3
The experiment was carried out at
different loads starting from 10 kg to 35
kg. The readings were also noted down for
zero load case. When we used diethyl
ether as the working fluid to extract heat
we find that the exhaust gas temperature
drops which may due to the heat extracted
by the exhaust gas inside the heat
exchanger
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[1] P. Sathiamurthi, “Design and
Development of Waste Heat Recovery
System for air Conditioning,” Unit Eur
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[2] K. Nantha Gopal, Rayapati Subbarao,
V. Pandiyarajan, R. Velraj,
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engine integrated with a PCM based
energy storage system,” Int J
Thermodyn. 2010; 13(1): 15–21p.
[3] Yuchao Wang, Chuanshan Dai, Shixue
Wang, “Theoretical analysis of a
thermoelectric generator using exhaust
gas of vehicles as heat source,” Appl
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.20
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[4] John B. Heywood, “Internal
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[5] V Ganeshan, “Internal Combustion
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[6] C. James Conklin, P. James Szybist,
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Internal Combustion Engine Kumar
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Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Application of Evaporative Condenser in Energy Saving and
Performance Improvement of Domestic Air Conditioner:
A Review
Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Ramanand Sharma
MLV Textile and Engineering College, Poornima University, Bhilwara, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
An environmentally friendly and energy efficient method for cooling buildings in hot and dry
region is Evaporative cooling. India as a multi-climates country demands a variety of cooling
systems to achieve optimized energy consumption, reduce emission, and provide summer
comfort condition. Many types of natural and passive methods were used for cooling
buildings in traditional architecture. All of these methods have been worked based on natural
ventilation. A lot of energy is consumed in operation of air conditioner using air cooled
condenser as well as lot of water is wasted in water cooled condensers. So with the help of
evaporative condenser, performance of refrigerating system can be increased as well as it
reduces the requirement of water. With the use of evaporative condensers COP of the system
can be enhanced and power consumption can be reduced.
Keywords: condenser, cooling, evaporative, power, water
INTRODUCTION AND
BACKGROUND
All refrigeration and air conditioning
processes use a gas to facilitate the transfer
of heat between the air-conditioned area
and the outside atmosphere. This process
relies on the use of a compressor to
increase the pressure in the condenser
section of the system which in turn allows
the absorption of heat from the
conditioned area. This absorbed heat and
any heat generated by the compression
process needs to be rapidly removed from
the refrigerant to the outside, or condenser,
part of the system so that the cycle of heat
transfer can be repeated.
This is typically done by allowing the hot
refrigerant to circulate through a series of
tubes exposed to a fan. This method of
cooling or condensation of the refrigerant
is not particularly efficient, particularly in
large commercial systems. This lack of
efficiency becomes pronounced when the
ambient, or outside, temperature rises
above 37 degrees Celsius. In these
conditions, a conventional air-cooled
system may lose up to 25% of its
operational efficiency. The evaporative
condenser is a far more efficient
condensation mechanism in larger systems
losing only a fraction of its effective
capacity in all ambient conditions.
The evaporative condenser system
typically consists of a series of pipes or
tubes that carry the hot refrigerant gas.
These tubes are simultaneously exposed to
a spray of water and fan facilitated airflow.
A portion of the water flowing over the
gas filled tubes evaporates due to a
combination of being heated by the tubes
and the flow of air. This evaporation is the
mechanism that allows the rapid cooling of

Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Comparative Analysis of Coal Blends on Captive Thermal Power
Plant: Concentrate Different Parameters Effect on Its Efficiency
Ravindra Mahawar1*
, Ratnesh Sharma2
, Abhishek Sanghi1
1
JNIT, Jaipur, India
2
Poornima Group of Institution, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
Coal is the prime fuel for electricity generation in India and its utilization is continuously
growing to meet the energy requirements of the country. The basic function of power plant is
to convert energy in coal to electricity. Therefore, the first thing we should know is how much
energy there is in coal. Energy content of coal is given in terms of kilojoules per kilogram
(kJ/kg) of coal as the Gross calorific value (GCV) or High Heating Value (HHV) of coal.
This value can be varies from 10500 kJ/kg to 25000 kJ/kg depending on the quality and type
of coal. Indian coals are of poor quality and often contain 30-50% ash when shipped to
power stations. In addition, over time the Calorific Value and the ash content of thermal
coals have deteriorated as the better quality coal reserves are depleted and surface mining
and mechanization expand. This poses significant challenges. Significant research has been
done to determine the beneficial results of using high Calorific Value coals in thermal power
plants. [5, 6, 15]
Keywords: consumptions, efficiency, coal blend and cost, gross calorific value
INTRODUCTION
The main objectives is to find the
performance of coal based on the
properties of coal and also the reasons of
poor efficiency levels of coal blend have
been identified, basic ideas have been
developed for improving the performance
of these coal blend. It is a practical work
which is performed in the RSWM coal
testing laboratory. In this practical work
measure GCV (gross calorific value) of
coal and coal blend, identify presently uses
coal property, prepare new efficient coal
blend and calculate energy efficient
parameters and proximate analysis of fuel
(coal blend) with cost analysis. This is the
initial stage of increasing boiler efficiency.
The Main object of coal analysis in the
Power Station is to monitor the quality of
coal. Therefore performance evaluation of
coal is necessary [1, 2, 4].
Rajasthan Spinning and weaving Mills
Ltd. (RSWM) Mordi is a coal based
captive power plant. Here steam generated
by Atmospheric Fluidized Bed
Combustion (AFBC) Boiler. Generation
capacity of this plant is 46 MW and coal
consumption per day is approximately
1100 tons which is not only depends on
generation but also it depends on GCV of
fuel (coal). It is use under bed fuel feeding
system and it use coal blend. There are
different types of coal available in market
but this captive power plant use C grade, F
grade, imported coal and pet coke and
crushed coal particle size is 1 – 6 mm.
Coal supply in RSWM plant through truck
and per truck coal weight is 25 tons or it
varies 20–55 tons. Coal price and GCV
show in Table 1.

International Journal of Production Engineering vol 2 issue 2

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International Journal of Production Engineering vol 2 issue 2