Electrical Communication Engineering (Vol 2 Issue 2)

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International Journal of Electrical
Communication Engineering
International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering is a comprehensive journal that covers all
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 Electrical Technologist
 Electronic design automation
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 Light wave Engineering
 Biomedical Signal Processing
 Communication Systems
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 Digital Signal Processing
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Bhagwant Institute of Technology,
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Dr. Anil Kumar Chojar
Punjabi University,
Punjab, India
Dr. Arun Dev Dhar Dwiwedi
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Poornina University Jaipur,
Rajasthan India
Dr. M. Gopinath
Electrical Electronics Engineering, Dr.N.G.P
Institute of Technology Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Steven Sheng-Uei Guan
Department of Computer Science & Software
Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Jiangsu Province, China
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Aerospace Electronics & Systems Division,
National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL),
Bangalore Kodihalli, Bangalore, India
Dr. Vijay Raj Singh
Physics, Boston University, USA
Dr. P. Rama Subramanian
Computer Science, Madurai Kamaraj
University, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. S. Thiruvenkadam
Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, P.A. College of Engineering and
Technology, Pollachi, Tamilnadu, India
Dr. Ramachandran Narayanan
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Mr. Ram Sewak Singh
IMS Engg.college,
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Mr. Ashish Jangid
Venture Era, Jaipur, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering. This journal is
part of the Electrical Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Electrical
Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the
validationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of
Electrical Communication Engineering as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized
as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electrical
Engineeringcommunity,addressing researchers and practitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering in JournalsPub is to
propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and
professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electrical Communication
Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their
papers atexcellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering focuses on original high-quality research
intherealmofElectricalTechnologist, Electronic design automation, Microelectronics,
RF/Photonics, Microelectronics, Electromagnetics, Light wave Engineering, Biomedical Signal
Processing, Communication Systems, Computer Networks, Control Systems, Digital Signal Processing,
Image Processing & Computer Vision, Instrumentation, Multimedia Security, Power Electronics and Power
Systems, SpeechSignalProcessing.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electrical
CommunicationEngineeringandsolutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electrical
Communication Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who
supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many
others, reportingnewdevelopmentsinthefieldofElectricalEngineering.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electrical Engineering
readers andwillstimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofElectricalEngineering.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Ultrasonic Cleaner: Assessment for Different Modulation Technique
Vikas Singh Kushwah, Rakesh Narvey 1
2. Face Recognition Using Principal Component Analysis and Principal of Correlation
Himanshu Monga 8
3. Analysis and Evaluation of Canny Algorithm for Edge Detection
Nidhi Mathur 12
4. An Emerging Technology – Iris Recognition System: A Review
Sanjay Singh Thakur 17
5. A Review on Wearable Biosensor Devices
Arpita Karhadkar, Mansi Soley 22
Contents

IJECE (2016) 1–7 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Ultrasonic Cleaner: Assessment for Different Modulation Technique
Vikas Singh Kushwah*
, Rakesh Narvey
Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India
ABSTRACT
This paper depicts assessment for control signal patterns takes place in the ultrasonic cleaner
system. Micro-controller is used for the generation of different pulse patterns i.e. PWM (pulse
width modulation) and PDM (pulse density modulation). Ultrasonic transducer drivers are
driven with the help of these control patterns by feeding it into the full bridge inverter.Efficiency
of the ultrasonic transducer is tested with the 22 kHz 100 watt resonating frequency. The waves
generated by the transducer, drives electrical force into the mechanical force. Due to the
movement of the ultrasonic waves into the aqueous solution in cleaning process cavitations and
inward bursting are occurred in liquid.
Keywords: cavitations, resonant frequency, PWM, PDM, ultrasonic transducer
INTRODUCTION
Ultrasonic cleaners are in trend nowadays
since they are fast efficient and eco-friendly.
In ultrasonic cleaner the dirty electrical and
electronics component immerses in a
solution and which removes the dust or dirt
and the small particles purely. In whole
ultrasonic cleaning process the most
important module is to generate the
vibrations from ultrasonic waves and that is
possible with the help of transducer.[1]
The vibrations developed with the help of
transducer sent over the container containing
cleaning solution. When the ultrasonic wave
travels through solution during the cleaning
process the implosion and cavitations
activity occurs. From the cavitations the
scouring occurs and cleaning is best if the
cavitations are fine and many.[2]
PWM
technique is used to generate the continuous
.ultrasonic waves for the cleaning process
Here we discuss PDM and PWM under
discontinuous ultrasonic wave and their
assessment takes place to find best technique
for cleaning process with smooth and coarse
equipment.
ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER
The ultrasonic cleaning system consists of
several modules with the help of which the
cleaning process takes place. The ultrasonic
cleaning system contains a transducer, a
tank and a solution for cleaning. Transducer
is used in order to generate the vibrations
through ultrasonic waves, and these waves
are transferred to the cleaning solution.
During the cleaning process when these
ultrasonic waves travel through the solution
the phenomena of cavitations and implosion
occur. Some of the impurities consist of
inexplicable molecules which are attached
by ionic energy or mutual forces depicted in
Figure 1(A) in order to decouple the mutual
forces between molecules the displacement

IJECE (2016) 8-11 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 8
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Face Recognition Using Principal Component Analysis and
Principal of Correlation
Himanshu Monga*
Lovely Professional University, Jallandhar, India
ABSTRACT
We have introduced facial recognition technique implemented in MATLAB using PCA and
correlation coefficient. These techniques are designed on GUI platform and have taken
image processing as a base. After running the designed GUI based on PCA algorithm the
result window will show whether the two images uploaded matched or not on the basis of
Eigen vectors computed whereas the GUI designed for correlation coefficient will show the
name of the person whose photograph was uploaded along with whether the access granted
or denied.
Keywords: correlation coefficient, image processing, principal component algorithm
INTRODUCTION
In our increasingly globalized world,
where mobility has almost become a fact
of social life, identity management
emerges as a key socio-political and
technical issue. Tying identity to the body
through biometric indicators is seen as
central to the governance of people in the
existing and emerging socio-political
order, nationally and internationally, in all
spheres of life, including governmental,
economic, and personal. Facial
Recognition is a type of biometric
software application that can identify a
specific individual in a digital image by
analyzing and comparing patterns.[1,2]
Facial recognition systems are commonly
used for security purposes but are
increasingly being used in a variety of
other application. Currently, a lot of facial
recognition development is focused on
smart phone applications.[3]
Smart phone
facial recognition capacities include image
tagging and other social networking
integration purposes as well as
personalized marketing. The software is
already used for military surveillance, by
police to identify suspects and on
facebook. Now the US government is in
the process of building the world’s largest
cache of face recognition data, with the
goal of identifying every person in the
country. Facebook uses facial recognition
software to help automate user tagging in
photographs. Other biometric
identification systems include voice
recognition, iris recognition, skin texture
recognition, finger print scanning and
finger-vein, palm-vein identification.[4]
Over the past decade face Recognition has
become a fast growing commercial
industry, moving from its governmental
origins into everyday life the technology is
being pitched as an effective tool for
securely conforming identities. Walk up to
the international check in at a Germen
airport, gaze up a camera and walk into the
country without ever needing to pull out a
passport your image is on file, the camera
knows who you are. Wander into a retail
store and be greeted with personalized
product suggestions-the stores network has
a record what you bought last time.

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Analysis and Evaluation of Canny Algorithm for Edge Detection
Nidhi Mathur*
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
Edge detection is an important technique in image analysis. Several edge detectors have been
proposed for enhancing and detecting of edges. Optimal approach of edge detection based on
Canny Algorithm is presented in this paper. Simulation result analysis shows that Canny
Algorithm has better performance as compared to other algorithm. Simulation of the
designed algorithm is done using Matlab.
Keywords: Canny algorithm, mask
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this paper is to present an
Evaluation of Canny Algorithm for edge
detection. The detection of edges in an
image has been a very important problem
in image processing for more than 50
years. Edge detection is the process which
detects the presence and locations of these
intensity transitions [1]. The process is to
identify and separate objects from one
another, and also recognition of these
shapes. Edge detecting an image
considerably reduces the quantity of data
and filters out worthless information,
while preserving the important structural
in an image.
In picture processing one of the most
effective procedures is to sharpen the
images and improve the contrast. The
contrast is changed by increasing the
differences across the discontinuities of the
image component. Edges in images are
areas with strong intensity contrasts a
jump in intensity from one pixel to the
next [2]. Edge detection is important
because the success of higher level relies
heavily on good edges. Gray level images
contain an enormous amount of data, much
of which is irrelevant, e.g. surroundings of
the scene so at the early stage, the effort is
made to reduce some of the data; the
objects are separated from the background
and entities such as edges which are
physically significant are identified [3]. An
edge is described as the outside limit of an
object. Edges are significant local changes
of intensity in an image. Edges typically
occur on the boundary between two
different regions in an image [4–8].
The canny algorithm contains fives steps
and it is more computationally complex
than the other algorithm such as Roberts,
Prewitts and Sobels algorithms [9]. Other
edge detection offers tradeoff between
precision, cost and speed and capability to
detect edges is further improved in canny
algorithm. In the detection process, the
original unprocessed image is taken and
smoothing is done in order to remove
noise and then gradient is found. Non
maximum suppression is done in order to
suppress the unwanted edges and
thresholding is done [10–13].
Canny edge detector is an edge detection
operator that uses multi state algorithm
used to detect wide range of edges. It is an
optimal edge detection where we can

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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An Emerging Technology – Iris Recognition System: A Review
Sanjay Singh Thakur*
Department of Electronics and Communication, PITS, Ujjain, India
ABSTRACT
Iris Recognition is one of the imperative biometric acknowledgment systems that recognize
individuals in light of their eyes and iris. This paper shows an outline of iris acknowledgment
framework and related material is likewise considered.
Keywords: biometrics recognition, iris recognition, hybrid technique and feature extraction,
wavelet technology
INTRODUCTION
Electronic field is seeing quick advanced a
vast and critical. Acknowledgment
frameworks have turned into a part of the
expansive and successful, particularly after
the advance that has happened in the
region of Information Technology. Iris is
the fundamental critical part of the human
eye; it comprises of roundabout muscle
and the other longitudinal control in the
measure of light going the retina through
the human eye, with the expanding of
necessities for higher security level,
biometric frameworks have been broadly
utilized for some applications. Biometrics
incorporates confront, iris, fingerprints,
voice, palms, hand geometry, retina,
penmanship, stride and so forth [1–3].
Recognition algorithms as a rule require a
mix of different procedures, which
traverse over all the three levels. At the
most minimal conceivable level are
strategies for confining the district of
worry in the picture (foundation
subtraction), recognition and following of
highlight focuses, different morphological
operations that might be required with a
specific end goal to acquire a superior
nature of the information, and so forth.
Biometric systems work by catching of the
element taking an advanced picture for iris
acknowledgment. A biometric is portrayed
by utilization of an element that is
positively one of a kind – so that the shot
of any two human having similar elements
will be insignificant. Will be utilized a few
methods as a part of our paper for high
extent of perfection by utilizing the iris of
the eye [1, 2]. However the significance of
research around there has expanded the
prevalence of this system. Individual ID in
light of iris acknowledgment gives a
standout amongst the most solid outcomes
[4]. Iris surface elements gives interesting
high dimensional data that clarifies why
iris acknowledgment based confirmation
has the most minimal false
acknowledgment rate among a wide range
of biometric check frameworks [5, 6].
BIOMETRIC SYSTEM
A biometric framework is on a very basic
level an example acknowledgment
framework that perceives an individual in
light of a property vector got from a
particular physiological or behavioral
trademark that the individual has. That
element vector is regularly put away in a
database (or recorded on a brilliant card
given to the person) subsequent to being

IJECE (2016) 22–26 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 22
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
A Review on Wearable Biosensor Devices
Arpita Karhadkar*, Mansi Soley
Department of Electronics and Communication, MIT, Ujjain, India
ABSTRACT
Recent advances in smaller than usual gadgets, and additionally mobile and omnipresent
registering, have cultivated an emotional development of enthusiasm for wearable
innovation. A wearable biosensors system are a developing pattern and are relied upon to be
progressive in numerous application regions, going from cardiovascular observing to war
zone checking and brandishes prescription. These frameworks, including different sorts of
little physiological sensors, transmission modules and handling capacities, guarantee to
change the eventual fate of medicinal services, by giving minimal effort wearable
inconspicuous answers for persistent throughout the day and wherever wellbeing, mental and
action status checking. This is because of the substantial number of organizations that have
as of late begun putting forcefully in the improvement of wearable items for different
applications. In any case, unwavering quality of these wearable sensors is by a wide margin
second rate compared to their customary partners, prompting to visit false cautions. Since a
large portion of the potential applications are for field utilize, the wearable sensors must be
hearty against unsettling influences, specifically, the movement of the wearer. New
innovation is required for taking out movement ancient rarity and recouping signals defiled
with the body movement. This is a quickly developing item part. Substantial quantities of
exceptional tech organizations are putting vigorously around there, alongside systems,
gadget creators and financial speculators. Accordingly, in 10 years' opportunity, things will
look a considerable measure not quite the same as they do today. This paper displays a
thorough investigation of different utilizations of wearable bio sensors in the field of social
insurance, movement acknowledgment, sports science, patient monitoring, road accidents
prevention, and numerous more appropriate in our everyday life.
Keywords: activity recognition, bio-sensor, road safety, wearable devices and systems,
wearable computers
INTRODUCTION
Wearable biosensors are the non-
obstructive gadgets that are the overcome
of the restrictions of mobile innovation
and give the quick and enraged reaction to
the need of checking patients over quite a
while. They are the advanced gadgets that
an individual can wear on the body and
depend on remote innovation. These can
be as Smart shirts or thin swathes which
permit the ceaseless checking of pulse,
blood glucose levels and other biometric
information. This true physiological
information are then sent remotely to
human services suppliers by means of a
remote LAN or a support that permit
Internet association. These sensors are
being produced remembering that the
patients' result must be enhanced while the
costs must be lessened. By building up a
two path input in the middle of the
specialists and their patients, the wearable
sensor gadgets has prompted to the change
of significant issue from wasteful to the

Electrical Communication Engineering (Vol 2 Issue 2)

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