International Journal of Concrete Technology Vol 2 Issue 2

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Concrete Technology
International Journal of Concrete Technology is an international peer-reviewed journal that covers all
topics related to advancement in concrete technology i.e., from the types of different concrete mixtures, its
various parameters, techniques, equipment design and more. This journal encompasses both experimental
as wellas theoreticalarticlesandreviewpapers ofpronouncedimportance.
Focus and Scope oftheJournal
 Advanced concrete technology
 Self-drying concrete technology
 Concrete leveling
 Concrete mixer
 Concrete masonry unit
 Concrete moisture meter
 Concrete plant
 Concrete recycling
 Reinforced concrete
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Manisha Dhoble

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Prof. A. F. M. Saiful Amin
Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh
Univeristy of Engineering and Technology,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dr. Hasan Dilbas
Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering
Faculty, Civil Engineering Department,
Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul Turkey
Dr. J. Karthikeyan
Department Civil Engineering, National Institute
of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Mujahid Faiyaz Hussain
Shram Sadhna Trust's College of Engineering
and Technology, Bambhori,Jalgaon, India
Dr. P. Ratish Kumar
Department of Civil Engineering, National
Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
Dr. Samer Al- Martini
Department of Civil Engineering, College of
Engineering and Computer Science, Abu Dhabi
University, United Arab Emirates
Dr. Anil Kumar Sachan
Department of Civil Engineering, Motilal Nehru
National Institute of Technology, Allahabad,
India
Dr. Saleem Muhammad
Department of Basic Engineering, College of
Engineering, University of Dammam, Saudi
Arabia
Rakesh Mehar,
Transportation Engineering Department,
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology,
Bhopal, MP, India
Shalem Ernest
Department of Civil Engineering, National
Institute of Technology Raipur,
India
Prof. Saad Issa Sarsam
University of Baghdad, Iraq
Dr. Cengiz Duran Atis
ERCIYES University, Turkey
Zhenjun He
North China University of Technology,
China
Mohamed Heikal
Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic
University, Saudi Arabia
M. N. Islam
National University of Malaysia (UKM),
Malaysia
C. M. Tam
Department of Building and Construction, City
University of Hong Kong, China
Dr. Pradeep Kumar Agarwal,
Bhopal, M.P., India
Dr. G. Nandini Devi,
Professor, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering,
Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. R. Srinivasa Kumar,
Assistant Professor (Senior Scale) Department of
Civil Engineering, University College of
Engineering Osmania University, Hyderabad,
India
Sandeep Choudhary
Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana
Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,
MP, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Pradeep Kumar Agarwal
Bhopal (MP), India
Dr. G. Nandini Devi
Professor, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering,
Hosur, Tamil Nadu 635109
Dr. R. Srinivasa Kumar
Assistant Professor (Senior Scale) Department of
Civil Engineering, University College of
Engineering Osmania University, Hyderabad,
India
Rajan Wankhade
Assistant Professor Applied Mechanics
Department Government College of
Engineering, Karad Maharashtra, India,
India
Rakesh Mehar
Transportation Engineering Department,
Bhopal (MP), INDIA, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Concrete Technology. This journal is part of the
Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Concrete Technology, from
theoreticalaspectstoapplication-dependentstudiesand thevalidationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Concrete Technology as an
emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical
investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science community, addressing
researchers andpractitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Concrete Technology in Journals Pub is to propagate novel
awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research
societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Concrete Technology in general. Journals Pub acts
as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time &
successfully.
International Journal of Concrete Technology focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of
advanced concrete technology, self-drying concrete technology, cement accelerator, concrete canoe,
concreteleveling,concreteplant,and concreterecycling.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Concrete
Technologyand solutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Concrete Technology
community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an
innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new
developmentsinthefieldofConcreteTechnology.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournals Pub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Concrete Technology readers
and willstimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofConcreteTechnology.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete to Achieve Characteristic Strength M50 with
Addition to Steel Fibre
V.H. Nimbhore, A.P. Wadekar, R.D. Pandit 1
2. Effect of Variation of Elevated Temperature on Compressive Strength of Metakolin Concrete
R.V. Singh, A.G. Dahake 9
3. Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete
K. Faraz, A.P. Wadekar, D.N. Kakade 17
4. Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Corbels by Experimental and Analytical Method
S.S. Iliyas, A.P. Wadekar, D.N. Kakade 23
5. Effect of Replacing Rice Husk Ash With Cement and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag With Fine
Aggregates on High Performance Concrete
Rahul, J. Karthikayen 30
Contents

IJCT (2016) 1–8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Concrete Technology
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete to Achieve Characteristic
Strength M50 with Addition to Steel Fibre
V.H. Nimbhore*
, A.P. Wadekar, R.D. Pandit
Department of Civil Engineering, Peoples Education Society’s College of Engineering, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Concrete is World’s second most consumed material after water, use of recycled aggregate
(RA) in concrete can be useful for environmental protection. Recycled aggregates are the
materials for the future. Aggregate is one of the main ingredients in producing concrete. It
covers 75% of the total for any concrete mix. The strength of the concrete depends on the
properties of aggregates used. The experimental analysis comprise with normal RAC and
RAC with steel fibre. The project aim was to design a concrete grade M50 by
100%replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregate. Strength parameters of
concrete like compressive-split-bond strength observed, respectively.
Keywords: fibre reinforced recycled aggregate concrete, methodology, recycled aggregate,
recycled aggregate concrete, strength properties
INTRODUCTION
Rapid growth in population and
urbanization are pushing the growth in
construction. Many countries have
recycling schemes for C&D work to avoid
dumping, as suitable landfill sites are
becoming scarce particularly in heavily
populated countries. Especially in the
developed countries, old buildings are
being demolished to be replaced with new
one. As per report of central pollution
control board (CPCB) Delhi, in India,
48million tons solid waste is produced out
of which 14.5 million ton waste is
produced from the construction waste
sector, out of which only 3% waste is used
for embankment. But research in different
countries has suggested the possibility of
reusing hard inert material in recycled
aggregate concrete. The use of
construction waste as a source of
aggregate for the production of new
concrete has become more common in the
recent decade. The idea of recycling
concrete waste as coarse aggregate for
new concrete construction is gaining
importance on the international scale.
Most of the construction and demolished
waste is used in land filling of low laying
area. But research in different countries
has suggested the possibility of reusing
hard inert material in recycled aggregate
concrete. It may be point out that, the Asia
alone produces about 760 million tons of
construction waste every year. Recycling
is a process of recovery and subsequent
use of a material for the manufacture
and/or fabrication of the same or similar
product from which the waste was
originated. Recycling of concrete is
relatively simple process.
It involves breaking, removing, and
crushing existing concrete into a material
with specified size and quality.[1–5]

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Effect of Variation of Elevated Temperature on Compressive
Strength of Metakolin Concrete
R.V. Singh, A.G. Dahake
Department of Civil Engineering, Marathwada Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
It has been found that high early temperature has negative impacts on later compressive
strength of concrete. Some researchers investigated the adverse effect on long term strength
of concrete due to high initial temperature. The effect of temperature on different properties
of concrete is considerable and remained the subject of research activities of a lot of
researchers. Different investigators moved in different ways and investigated temperature
effect by changing different parameters such as w/c ratio; mix ratio, early change in
temperature etc. The objective of this literature work is to provide an overview of the effects
of elevated temperature on the behavior of metakaolin concrete materials and structure. In
meeting this objective the effects of elevated temperatures on the properties of concrete
constitute materials and concretes are summarized. The effects of elevated temperature on
high strength concrete materials are noted and their performance compared to normal
strength concretes.
Keywords: concrete, elevated temperature, high strength, metakaolin, normal strength
INTRODUCTION
The production of Portland cement is not
only costly and energy intensive, but it
also produces large amount of carbon
emission. The production of one to of
Portland cement produces approximately
one ton of CO2 in the atmosphere.
Limestone is a raw material available in
nature; it is primary need for production of
cement material.
Earlier it was used directly to form silica
flume mortar as a binding material in
construction. Supplementary cementitious
materials are often used to reduce cement
contents and improve the workability of
fresh concrete, increase strength and
enhance durability of hardened concrete.
SCMs used in the manufactured concrete
products industry as well as a review of
blended cements. There are various types
of supplementary cementitious material as
fly ash, silica fume, slag cement,
metakaolin, rice husk ash, coconut shell
etc. Out of these metakaolin is used to
investigate the mechanical properties of
concrete by various experiments.
Metakaolin is refined kaolin clay that is
fired under carefully controlled conditions
to create an amorphous aluminosilicate
that is reactive in concrete. Like other
pozzolans (fly ash and silica fume are two
common pozzolans), metakaolin reacts
with the calcium hydroxide (lime)
byproducts produced during cement
hydration.
Metakaolin is a dehydroxylated form of
the clay mineral kaolinite. Rocks that are
rich in kaolinite are known as china clay or
kaolin, traditionally used in the

IJCT (2016) 17-22 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 17
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete
K. Faraz*
, A.P. Wadekar, D.N. Kakade
Department of Civil Engineering, Peoples Education Society’s College of Engineering, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra State, India
ABSTRACT
The project report named as “Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete”
describes the full experimental worked out on Geopolymer concrete [Provis and Deventer,
2009]. The ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-fly ash based alkali activated
alumina-silicate concrete or geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature or atmospheric
temperature was prepared by using different molars of alkali activated solution such as 16,
12 and 8 M. The properties studied on this geopolymer concrete are workability (slump cone)
and compressive strength test. The study has been carried out on the basis of various
combination of fly ash and GGBFS by mass of concrete and different alkali activated
solution.
Keywords: aggregate, alkaline liquid and concrete, flyash, GGBS, sand
INTRODUCTION
Portland Cement (P-C)-Based
Concretes
Cement concrete is often considered as an
artificial stone which is made by mixing
Portland cement (P-C), water, sand, and
crushed stone aggregate to produce a
mouldable mixture. This concrete, during
the last century, has developed into the
most important building material in the
world; the beginning was made by August
Perret, in 1902, by designing and
constructing an apartment building in Paris
"a system employing for reinforced
concrete" (slabs, beams, and columns, but
not using any load-bearing walls) In
infrastructure, industrial sectors and in
variety of Construction concrete is an
important product. This is partly due to the
fact that concrete is produced from natural
materials available in all parts of the globe,
and partly due to the fact that concrete is a
versatile material, giving architectural
freedom. More than a ton of concrete is
produced every year for each human on
the planet earth, making concrete as the
second most widely consumed substance
on earth after water [Sara Hart, 2008]. But,
the environmental aspects of concrete are
now being discussed with a view to
develop an eco-friendly material for
construction.[1–3]
Geopolymer as Alternate to P-C
A new binder material, known as ‘Geo-
polymer’ was first introduced by
Davidovits in 1978 to describe a family of
mineral binders with chemical
composition similar to zeolites but with an
amorphous microstructure [Davidovits,
1994]. To get inorganic polymeric system
of alumino-silicates the use of silica (SiO2)
and alumina (Al2O3) which is found in
clay (metakaolin) which is specially
processed. For the matrix formation and
strength geopolymers do not need calcium-
silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel as compare to
Ordinary Portland Cement, but to achieve
essential mechanical strength it uses the
polycondensation of silica and alumina

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Corbels by
Experimental and Analytical Method
S.S. Iliyas*
, A.P. Wadekar, D.N. Kakade
Department of Civil Engineering, Peoples Education Society College of Engineering, Aurangabad, Maharashtra,
India
ABSTRACT
In the present paper, an experimental results and predicted values by truss analogy method,
ACI Building Code (ACI 381-83) provisions for corbels, and method given by Fattuhi is
investigated. The concrete used in the corbels is of M-60 grade. Test were carried out on 27
samples of size 150 × 150 × 200-mm were shear span was varied from 175 to 200 as shown
in table (5) and concrete corbels reinforced with steel fiber. The properties of corbels varied
and fiber content and span to depth ratio also varied. For all the 27 corbels vertical loading
was used. It was noted that the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete corbels along with
fibers can be predicted best by adding the fibers’ contribution to strength using the shear
friction equation to the ACI Building Code provisions. The main purpose of this experimental
and analytical study is to investigate the behavior and shear strength of steel fiber reinforced
concrete corbels. It is found that considerable improvement in in ultimate shear strength,
toughness and first crack in the fiber containing corbels. Different percentage of fiber content
was used ranging from 0.5% to 4%.
Keywords: ACI-318, corbels, compressive strength, shear strength, steel fibers
INTRODUCTION
Corbels projecting from the faces of
reinforced concrete columns are
extensively used in precast concrete
construction to support the primary beam
and girders. Corbels are structural
members characterized by a shear span-to-
depth ratio (a/d), generally lower than
unity. Recently, high strength concrete has
been increasing used in practice. However
high-strength concrete is considered to be
a relatively brittle material and has low
ductility. In this investigation, the main
goal was using steel fibers to convert the
brittle characteristic to a ductile one,
increases the shear strength of corbels and
improves the ductility and by using
different analytical method the ultimate
shear strength of SFRC corbels is
investigated. The different types of
brackets and corbels may be described as
short cantilevers that project from the
inner face of concrete columns or walls to
support heavy concentrated loads of cranes
and beams. The corbel is generally built
monolithically with the column or wall.
The shear span-to-depth is often less than
unity. By many experimental evidence it is
clear that use of steel fibers improves the
shear strength of reinforced concrete
structures. It is also observed that steel
fibers used in reinforced concrete corbels
improves the energy absorption of fiber
reinforced concrete structures and also act
as a arrestors of cracks in the concrete and
addition of steel fibers is also known to
improve the bond between steel and
concrete, and the compressive, impact,

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Effect of Replacing Rice Husk Ash With Cement and Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag With Fine Aggregates on High Performance
Concrete
Rahul*
, J. Karthikayen
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
Cement and sand are the basic materials for any concrete construction. Now a day’s due to
erosion of rivers and considering environmental issues, there is a scarcity of river sand.
Many researchers are finding different materials to replace sand and one of the major
materials considered in this study is granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). In recent times,
instead of cement many alternative materials are being used as the binding material in the
construction sector. One such binding material that can be used as a partial replacement for
cement is rice husk ash (RHA). RHA is agricultural waste product obtained from paddy. The
tests were carried out on the raw materials to check the suitability of the materials to be used
for the research purpose and their properties were determined. M50 grade of concrete is
adopted for this research. The cube specimens were cast with cement replaced by RHA
varying from 0 to 20% at 10% interval and sand replaced by GBFS from 0 to 80% at 10%
interval. The results show that the compressive strength of specimens with 10% of RHA
yielded almost the same strength as of the specimens with 0% replacement. Replacement of
sand with GBFS reduced workability, instead increased the compressive strength up to the
replacement of 30%, with a percentage increase in strength of 12.15%. The overall results
show that RHA and GBFS can be used in concrete with cement and sand being partially
replaced. The percentage of replacement should be limited to 10% RHA and 60% GBFS.
Keywords: compressive strength, granulated blast furnace slag, rice husk ash
INTRODUCTION
Cement and sand are the vital materials
needed for the construction industry. This
inevitably led to a continuous and
increasing demand of natural materials
used for their production. Parallel to the
need for the utilization of the natural
resources emerges a growing concern for
protecting the environment and a need to
preserve natural resources, such as fine
aggregate, by using alternative materials
that are discarded as a waste.
Rice husk is an agricultural residue
obtained from the outer covering of rice
grains during milling process. It
constitutes 20% of the 500 million tons of
paddy produced in the world. Rice husk
ash (RHA) is an abundant by-product
generated by the burning of rice husk.
RHA is composed mostly of silica (80–
95%). It has a highly microporous cellular
structure, which helps its pozzolanic
reaction in mixtures containing Portland
cement.[1–5]
Blast furnace slag is formed when iron ore
or iron pellets, coke and a flux are melted
together in a blast furnace. The granulated
blast furnace slag (GBFS) which is sand

International Journal of Concrete Technology Vol 2 Issue 2

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