International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology vol 2 issue 1

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1. Solar Based Electric Fence for Smart Farming
Kapil Dev Sharma, Shailika Sharma, Prateek Sharma, Abhisht Saxena 1
2. Application of Fuzzy Controller in Power System and Control System - A Review
Vikas Singh Kushwah 6
3. Voltage Stability Index-Based Critical Bus Ranking Incorporating IPFC Under Single
Transmission Line Outage Condition
S.B. Daram1, P.S. Venakataramu, M.S. Nagaraj 12
4. A Review on Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level with
Power Quality Improvement Features
Anand Kaurwar, Vijay Bhuria 20
5. Optimal Power Flow Control by Using UPFC
Dhananjay Prasad, Aseem Chandel, Rahul Gupta 25
6. Case Study Of Bus System Under Three-Phase PWM Cycloconverter with MPPT Feedback Control
Mohammad Yasir, Imran Khan, Malik Rafi 32
7. A New Proposal for Controlling and Monitoring of Power Distribution
Transformer in Indian Power System
E. Mahalakshmi, I. Shaba, J. Ezhil Hannah 37
Contents

IJEPST (2016) 1–5 © JournalsPub 2015. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology
ISSN: 2455-7293(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Solar Based Electric Fence for Smart Farming
Kapil Dev Sharma*
, Shailika Sharma, Prateek Sharma, Abhisht Saxena
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Greater
Noida, India
Abstract
Animals create problems for farmers in their fields. By using electric fences farmers can
protect their fields, farmhouses, farmlands from animals. These control the animals by giving
them a short, sharp but safe shock that teaches them to stay away from the fence. Thus
electric fences are economical and practical solutions to maximize field production through
controlled grazing. Electric fencing is safe, as its output is discrete. There is certain time
duration between two pulses that prevents prolonged shocking to animals or people. In
addition, the short ‘on’-time prevents heat build-up. This project works on stable
multivibrator principle. A free running oscillator is designed to generate square wave and the
output is given to push-pull amplifier. This square wave is stepped up to high voltage level
and can be connected to the fence
Keywords: battery, current, energy, solar photovoltaic, sunshine hours, voltage
INTRODUCTION
India is a farmer's country. The economy
of India is mainly depends on farming. But
the farmers have many problems for them
there should be some solution for their
problems. Destroying crops by animals is a
major problem that farmers face. They use
fencing around their farms, do cowboy job
but these methods requires a lot hard work
and manpower. Electric fences can be used
to protect farmhouses, farmlands, forest
bungalows, etc. from animals. In a way,
these simulate the job of a cowboy or
forest guard. Electric fences are already
popular in countries where manpower is
expensive electric fences are slowly
becoming popular in India as well. These
control the animals by giving them a short,
sharp but safe shock that teaches them to
stay away from the fence. Thus electric
fences are economical and practical
solutions to maximize field production
through controlled grazing. Electric
fencing is safe, as its output is discrete (not
continuous). There is certain time duration
between two pulses that prevents
prolonged shocking to animals or people.
The availability of electricity is also a
major problem. To solve the problem of
electricity we can use the sun means solar
energy. Empower the fence corralling your
dairy cows or meat cows and spare
electrical expenses with our complete line
of Solar Powered models. Much the same
as our module models, the Power Wizard
Ultra low impedance, solar powered
electric fence chargers convey shock
power per second to your dairy bovines or
hamburger cows. The Power Wizard Solar
controlled models are accessible for farms,
hobby farms or cattle ranches from one
acre to 100 acres.[1]
Solar photovoltaic power is put away in a
battery through charge controller. Battery
controls a MOSFET based Inverter that
develops 50 Hz 220 V. AC is then
bolstered to a wall the wall around the

IJEPST (2016) 6–11© JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 6
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Application of Fuzzy Controller in Power System and Control
System – A Review
Vikas Singh Kushwah
Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and science (Autonomous), Gwalior,
Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
In today's world there is a rapid increase and advancement in new and innovative technology,
fuzzy logic is a practical approach of mathematics into the Logic of Boolean. The practical
application of it can be easily seen in the field of engineering and science. In this paper we
discussed and review about different applications of fuzzy logic controllers in the field of
power system, power electronics and control system.
Keywords: fuzzy logic controller, power quality improvement, takagi-sugeno(TS)
INTRODUCTION
Fuzzy logic is measured as a superset of
standard logic which is prolonged to pact
with the partial truth. It has developed one
of the most efficacious skills for emerging
complex control systems. Fuzzy logic is a
design method that can be utilized to solve
real life difficulties.
Fuzzy set theory is similar to human
decision construction in its use of estimated
information. It was essentially used to
arithmetically signify improbability and
imprecision and provide tools to contract
with the inaccuracy in many difficulties. A
fuzzy logic system has the benefit of lower
growth costs, superior features, and
improved end product act.[1–13].
APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY LOGIC
CONTROLLERS
In past few years there is a sudden increase
in implementation of fuzzy logic
controllers in engineering applications. In
order to rectify the data acquisition system
problems the fuzzy logic is used.
In the field of robotics fuzzy logics helps
to solve the problems related to navigation
of robot and arm manipulation or motion
control of the robot.[14,15]
Some of the major field of applications
which is going to be discussed in this
paper are:
1) Power system
2) Control system
Power System
In power system the fuzzy logics are
implemented for the estimation of peak
load of distribution system, controlling of
steam turbines, current regulation,
designing the controller for rectifier and in
tuning of the induction machine drives.

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Voltage Stability Index-Based Critical Bus Ranking
Incorporating IPFC under Single Transmission Line Outage
Condition
S.B. Daram1
*, P.S. Venakataramu2
, M.S. Nagaraj3
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati,
Andhra Pradesh, India
2
REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
3
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Karnataka, India
Abstract
In this paper, critical bus ranking (CBR) under normal loading and incremented loading
condition in the system and the effect of incorporating interline power flow controller (IPFC)
is compared. The same critical bus ranking is also computed under single transmission line
outage (STLO) condition with and without incorporating IPFC. The proposed methodology
has been tested on various standard systems, the results of IEEE 14 bus system is presented
for understanding the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Keywords: critical bus ranking, FACTS, IPFC, VCPI
INTRODUCTION
Voltage instability is defined as an
inability of the power system to meet the
required amount of demand under the
increasing load.[1]
Even though the
Voltage instability is a dynamic in nature,
most of the cases, the analysis is done
under static process. A reduced load flow
Jacobian with respect to the critical bus of
a system is used for the detection of
proximity to a static voltage collapse
point.[2,3]
A steady state approach and a
dynamic approach using the static and the
dynamic tools are presented in ref.[4]
Online-voltage stability based on the node
voltage and the availability of the reactive
power in the nearby bus is computed and
an electric distance is presented for the
selection of the area of contingency
occurred in ref.[5]
A comprehensive set of
indices has been presented in ref.[6]
The
prediction of proximity to voltage collapse
for each bus has been presented as voltage
collapse prediction indicator (VCPI) in
ref.[7]
An improved voltage stability
studies considering zip load model and
exponential load model for L-index is in
ref.[8]
Among many flexible AC transmission
system (FACTS) devices, interline power
flow controller (IPFC) is one of the latest
FACTS devices which have a capability of
controlling the active and reactive power
of one transmission line and only active or
reactive power of another transmission line
connected. A multiple configurations of
VSC based FACTS devices for power
flow, sensitivity of a particular
transmission line and dispatch analysis is
given in refs.[9,10]
Presents an IPFC model
considering few operating constraints like
maximum series injected current, voltage
and maximum active power exchange has

ISSN: 2455–7293(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
A Review on Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources
at the Distribution Level with Power Quality Improvement
Features
Anand Kaurwar*, Vijay Bhuria
Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
Renewable energy sources (RES) are as a rule progressively associated in appropriation
frameworks using power electronic converters. This review paper displays a novel control
procedure for accomplishing greatest advantages from these matrix interfacing inverters at
the point when introduced in 3-phase 4-wire dissemination frameworks. The inverter is
controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter
functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power
generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load
current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. These capacities
might be refined either separately or at the same time. With such a control, the mix of matrix
interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of
common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control idea is
exhibited with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation Studies and validated through digital
signal processor-based laboratory experimental results.
Keywords: active power filters (APF), distribution system, distributed generation (DG), grid
interconnection, grid interfacing inverter, renewable energy, power quality (PQ), power
injection, THD
INTRODUCTION
Electric utilities and end clients of electric
force are turning out to be progressively
worried about meeting the developing
vitality request. 75% percent of aggregate
worldwide vitality interest is supplied by
the blazing of fossil powers. Be that as it
may expanding air contamination, an
unnatural weather change concerns,
lessening fossil powers and their
expanding cost have made it fundamental
to look towards renewable sources as a
future vitality arrangement. Subsequent to
the previous decade, there has been a
gigantic enthusiasm for numerous nations
on renewable energy for force era. The
market liberalization and government's
motivating forces have further quickened
the renewable energy division
development.
Interest for power has been extensively
expanding in this decade. Renewable
energy sources (RES) takes care of this
demand. Despite the fact that it serves as
an option hotspot for fossil powers, its
irregular nature produces power quality
(PQ) issues. These issues can be controlled
utilizing the power electronic devices and
control strategy. But the extensive use of
nonlinear loads produce harmonics and
affects power quality. The existence of

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Optimal Power Flow Control by Using UPFC
Dhananjay Prasad1
, Aseem Chandel2*
, Rahul Gupta2
1
Hi-tech institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad, India
2
B.S.A College of Engineering and Technology, Mathura, India
Abstract
Major objective of the present paper is to control the power flow in the transmission line
using FACTS controllers mainly UPFC. It is essential to know the power flow between two
buses and the various parameters involved in the power flow equation. Power Electronic
Control in Electrical Systems offers a solid theoretical foundation for the electronic control
of active and reactive power.
Keywords: active and reactive power, flexible AC transmission system (FACTS), unified
power flow controller (UPFC)
INTRODUCTION
Electrical networks are interconnected to
different generating stations and load
centers according to the existing plan. But
load demands on the system are not
constant. With the increase of industrial
growth and domestic load, more power is
consumed by the different loads. To fulfil
the load demand, either electrical system
network to be re-evaluated or the power
carrying capability of the transmission line
to be increased. Economic point of view,
modification or alteration of electric
network is costly. Thus aim is to increase
the power carrying capability of
transmission line.[1,2]
.
FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM (FACTS)
The concept of Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS) was first defined by
Hingorani, N.G in 1998.[3]
FACTS are
mainly focused on FACTS devices
developments and their impacts on the
power system, such as power flow
modulation and control, transient stability
enhancement, small-disturbance stability
improvement and oscillation damping.[4]
The IEEE defines FACTS as “alternating
current transmission systems incorporating
power-electronics based and other static
controllers to enhance controllability and
power transfer capability’’.[5]
The FACTS increased utilization of
existing network closer to its thermal
loading capacity without jeopardizing the
stability. The main purpose of these
systems is to supply the network as
quickly as possible with inductive or
capacitive reactive power that is adapted to
its particular requirements, while also
improving transmission quality and the
efficiency of the power transmission
system.
MODELLING OF UNIFIED POWER
FLOW CONTROLLER (UPFC)
The UPFC consist of two VSCs sharing a
common capacitor on their DC side and a
unified control system. A schematic
representation of the UPFC is given in
Figure 1 and it equivalent circuit diagram
in Figure 2.

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Case Study of Bus System Under Three-Phase PWM
Cycloconverter With MPPT Feedback Control
Mohammad Yasir*, Imran Khan, Malik Rafi
AZAD IET, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
In this paper, we examine a bus system as a load to extract maximum obtainable power on it
from three phase PWM cycloconverter module. We also use the concept of Maximum Power
Point Tracking (MPPT) control through which the efficiency can be improved. The main
objective of this case study is to observe the behavior of given bus system when it is applied
as a load in MPPT controlled three phase model of PWM cycloconverter. We implement the
P&O algorithm of maximum power tracking in the present module. The cycloconverter is
examined in its most basic form with MPPT control straightly without additional output
filters or other complicated control techniques. The operating conditions includes MPPT
output, load voltage, load current of bus system load along with the parameter of bridge
module used for it. The scope of the paper covers ode45 calculations in MATLAB
simulations, as well as a hardware implementation. By using similar concept the estimation
can be made for the cycloconverter with the proper control of circuit such as MPPT in order
to get higher power at output i.e. in bus system for this case study. Additionally, the proposed
scheme provides more suitable and basic feedback controlling scheme with good efficiency.
Keywords: cycloconverter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), polyphase
INTRODUCTION
In order to operate any electrical system
the power delivery must be from a source
to a load. The main problem is that the
unavailability of a single unique power
somewhere DC requires and somewhere
AC. Apart of it, there are various
amplitudes, as well as various frequencies
with several polyphase schemes of AC.
When the cases are observed then the
forms of the input source differ from the
load requirements. Hence conversion is
needed between these different forms of
electrical power with the help of power
electronic circuits. This work shows with
the regular improvement of technology in
the field of power electronics for
commercial use. This power electronics
refers to the conversion of electrical power
using a power circuit and a control circuit
in form of closed loop system which has
feed-forward from the input or feed-back
from the output. The control circuit drives
the devices with the required logic. This
control improves performance of object as
per need which may be connected at either
the load or at the source. At high power
levels the application of power electronics
i.e. cycloconverter is to be used as one
stage method. Generally its input and
output both may be single or polyphase.
This paper focuses on the case study of a
bus system connected at load of the three
phase PWM cycloconverter along with the
MPPT control strategy of feedback control
system.[1-3]

IJEPST (2016) 37–43© JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 37
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
A New Proposal for Controlling and Monitoring of Power
Distribution Transformer in Indian Power System
E. Mahalakshmi*
, I. Shaba, J. Ezhil Hannah
Department of EEE, V.V. College of Engineering, Thisayanvilai, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Load balancing is the process of balancing the supply of electricity on the network with the
electrical load by adjusting or controlling the load. This paper deals with the principle of low
operation cost and flexible ZigBee based distribution transformer management system. The
main objective is to *monitor the distribution transformer automatically. The intelligent load
control system monitor the transformer current and voltage by using current and voltage
measuring interface and the information transmitted through ZigBee wireless network. The
purpose of ZigBee is to provide a facility for observing and controlling the power system
from various substations by processing the terminal units. Those informations are sent to the
operator console (master terminal) for relevant action. When fault occurs, the protective
devices are activated and at the same time it will trip the load automatically to maintain the
load balance. The fault is detected with the help of warning mechanism. The ZigBee acts as a
communication channel between the master station and control center.
Keywords: distribution transformer, loadcontrol, ZigBee
INTRODUCTION
An electric power system is a network of
electrical components used to supply the
electric power for transmission and
distribution. A power system delivers
energy to loads which perform the
function. These loads range varies from
household appliances to industrial
machinery. Loads are expected a certain
voltage, a certain frequency and number of
phases. The appliances found in the home,
for example, will typically be single-phase
operating at 50 Hz with a voltage 230
volts. An exception exists for centralized
air conditioning systems as these are now
typically three-phase because this allows
them to operate more efficiently. All
electrical home appliances have wattage;
this specifies the amount of power the
device consumes. At any time, the net
amount of power consumed by the loads
on a power system must equal the net
amount of power produced by the
supplied.[1]
Making sure that the voltage,
frequency and amount of power is
supplied to the load from the line has some
expectations is one of the great challenges
in the power system. Be that as it may it is
not just the test, notwithstanding that
power is utilized by a load to do a valuable
work, numerous exchanging current
gadgets likewise utilize an extra measure
of power since they cause the alternating
voltage and alternating current to end up
marginally out-of-synchronous
In addition to that sustained overvoltage
and under voltages as well as sustained
deviations from the system frequency, the
power system loads can be adversely
affected by the range of temporal issues.
Power quality issues occur when the load

International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology vol 2 issue 1

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International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology vol 2 issue 1