International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials vol 2 issue-1

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Bionics and Biomaterials
International Journal of Bionics and Biomaterials is focused to provide a platform for applied bionics and
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Focus andScopeoftheJournal
! Applied bionics and biomechanics
! Locomotion and behaviors of animals
! Bio-mechatronics
! Biomedical engineering
! Bionic architecture
! Biophysics
! Synthetic biological systems
! Biomimetics
! Cybernetics and robotics
! Bionic technology
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Dr. Sandip Bag
HOD, BME Dept. JIS College of Engineering,
Kalyani, India
Souvik Basak, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor Dr. B.C. Roy College of
Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences
Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
Dr. Radha Das
Professor, Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Haldia Institute of Technology India
Dr. D. Dhanavel,
Associate Professor Department of Botany
Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
India
Dr. R.K.Dwivedi
Associate Professor, MANIT, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh, India
Dr. S. Krishnakumar, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Sathyabama University, Tamil
Nadu, India.
Vinod Kumar, Ph.D.
Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi, U. P, India
Owais Mohammad
Molecular Immunology Lab- I Biotechnology
Unit AMU, Aligarh U.P, India
Dr. Pradip Paik, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor School of Engineering
Sciences and Technology University of
Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
Mr. Willi Paul
Senior Scientific Officer Central Analytical
Biomedical Technology Wing Sree Chitra
Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences &
Technology (SCTIMST) India
Dr. PV. Mohanan,
Scientist & Head, Toxicology Division,
Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra
Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and
Technology Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala, India.
Dr. Pierson Rathinaraj
Lecturer /Post-Doctoral research fellow
Institute of Bio-Medical Technologies
Auckland University of Technology
Auckland, New Zealand
Dr. A. Robert Sam
Senior Scientist / Assistant Professor (AcSIR)
CSIR Madras complex, Taramani, Chennai
Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Surekha K. Satpute
Woman Scientist (DST) Department of
Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University
Pune, Maharashtra, India
Ms. Jill B Shukla
PERD Research Centre, Thaltej; Ahmedabad,
Gujrat, India
Dr. Jai Singh
Assistant Professor Department of Physics,
Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University,
Sagar, India
Dr. Omprakash Yemul
Associate Professor School of Chemical
Sciences SRTM University Dnyantirth
Vishnupuri India.
Dr. Amiya Kumar Prusty
M.Pharm, PhD Asst professor Dept of
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of
Pharmacy & Technology, Salipur, Cuttack,
India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Summya Rashid
Senior Research Fellow Department of Medical
Elementology and Toxicology Faculty of
Science Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University)
New Delhi India
Dr. Jay Prakash Sah
Ph.D. in Molecular Medicine Scholar
Soonchynhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science
Soonchynhyang University South Korea
Dr. Pramod Kumar Singh
Assistant professor, Department of Kriyasharir
V.Y.D.S. Ayurvedic college, Khurja,
U. P., India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Bionics and Biomaterials. This journal is part of the
Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present analytical chemistry issues, from
theoreticalaspectstoapplication-dependentstudiesand thevalidationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Bionics and Biomaterials as
an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and
technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the analytical chemistry Science community,
addressing researchersand practitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Bionics and Biomaterials in Journals Pub is to propagate novel
awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research
societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in analytical chemistry in general. Journals Pub acts
as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time &
successfully.
International Journal of Bionics and Biomaterials focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of
Electrochemistry,photo-electrochemistry,medicinalchemistryand organometallicchemistry.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of analytical
chemistryand solutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the analytical chemistry
community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an
innovative platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be followed by many others, reporting new
developmentsinthefieldofanalyticalchemistry.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for analytical chemistry readers
and willstimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofanalyticalchemistry.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Multifunctional Material and Their Bionic Functions: A Review Article
Nibha Sharma, Smriti Gupta 1
2. Starter Culture Development for Spontaneously Fermented Buttermilk
Negussie Gebreselassie 4
3. Procedure of Agarose Gel and Its Recycling Using Various Cost Effective Methods
Muhammad Aamir Khan 13
4. Bioethanol Production From Areca Nut Husk
Rakesh Chauhan 16
5. Regenerative Medicine: A Review
Chhavi Jain 20
Contents

IJBB (2016) 1–3 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Bionics and Biomaterials
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Multifunctional Material and Their Bionic Functions: A Review
Article
Nibha Sharma*, Smriti Gupta
Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis University, Pune, India
Abstract
Multifunctional materials with sensory talents like the ones of vision, contact or maybe odor
ought to profoundly expand the possibilities of business design in lots of regions. Taking a
cue from nature, a cross-institutional collaboration concerning researchers from the
Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences inspired Engineering at Symbiosis university has
deciphered how the bio mineral making up the body armor of a chiton mollusk has evolved to
create purposeful eyes embedded inside the animal's shielding shell. The findings could help
determine thus far nevertheless elusive regulations for producing man-made multifunctional
materials.
Keywords: bionic, biomedical, multifunctional
INTRODUCTION
Multifunctional materials that can feel
physical stimuli in their surroundings
could empower us to construct houses that
make utilization of their surroundings, to
always screen, wear-and-tear and search
for indications of damage in materials or
even to better convey some medications
and produce bioengineered organs.[2–3]
Even today, fake materials that are able to
perform numerous and structurally
opposite functions are not accessible. We
cannot yet plan them but rather
concentrating on various multifunctional
biomaterials present in nature ought to at
last permit us to deduct the key standards
for this moderately new range of materials
science.
All eyes in nature are made of natural
molecules. Interestingly, the chiton's eyes
are inorganic and made of the same
crystalline mineral called aragonite that
likewise collects the body shield. They
empower the chiton to see changes in light
and in this way to react to drawing nearer
predators by fixing their hold to surfaces
submerged.[4–8]
Fig. 1. Aragonite.
Utilizing a suite of profoundly determining
minute and crystallographic strategies, the
group unwound the 3-dimensional
engineering and geometry of the eyes,
complete with an external cornea, a lens
and a basic chamber that houses the
photoreceptive cells important to

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Starter Yeast Development for
Milk at Room Temperature
Aditya Singh*
Department of Biotechnology,
Jaypee University, Noida, India
Abstract
Twelve fermented milk samples were developed using ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated
milk utilizing blends of three strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and two yeast strains
disengaged from spontaneously fermented buttermilk (SFB). The separates utilized for this
analysis were Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis ssp. lactis strain NGLC1, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis strain
NGLC2, Lactobacillus plantarum strain NGLB1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain NGY1 and
Kluyveromyces marxianus strain NGY2. Immunized milk was matured for 48 h at 30 ºC and
tests for examination were taken each 12 h. At every inspecting time, reasonable cells and
pH were measured. Sugars, natural acids, and amino acids were broke down utilizing high-
weight fluid chromatography. Unstable mixes were dissected utilizing headspace gas
chromatography. Ten out of fourteen items demonstrated satisfactory aging since they had a
last pH somewhere around 4.01 and 4.09 and a normal microbial tally of log 9 cfu mL-1
of
LAB and log6 cfu mL-1
of yeasts. Eight natural acids, 15 unstable mixes and 22 amino acids
were recognized in the matured items. Out of the 15 unpredictable mixes four acetaldehyde,
diacetyl, ethanol and acetoin were recognized as real fragrance mixes. Immaculate and
blended strains used to mature 12 items were prescribed as starter societies for SFB as they
indicated quick corrosive generation, metabolize citrate and create satisfactory levels of
natural unpredictable mixes.
Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, starter culture, yeasts
INTRODUCTION
A few analysts have portrayed the
planning, use and utilizations of starter
societies in milk handling exercises.
Starter societies are made out of vast
quantities of life forms, LAB and yeasts
that are purposely added to start
fermentation.[1]
The metabolic exercises of
starter society living beings achieve the
tactile qualities of matured products.[2]
The primary life forms required in
characteristic maturations were
Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus spp.
Leuconostoc spp. what's more, Weissella
spp. albeit these days are commanded by
Lactobacillus spp. also, yeasts that endure
high corrosive conditions. Nonetheless,
such maturations take drawn out stretch of
time, make capricious aging status and
need enhanced approaches to embrace in
the present dairy industry. Other than these
issues, the utilization of normal starter
societies has been frustrated because of
poor hygienic conditions, anomaly in
corrosive levels and generation of
undesirable quality attributes limit. SFB is
the fluid left subsequent to making spread
from cream or drain matured by actually
happening LAB in Northern Ethiopia.[3,4]

IJBB (2016) 13-15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 13
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Procedure of Agarose Gel and Its Recycling Using Various Cost
Effective Methods
Muhammad Aamir Khan*
Department of Biotechnology, Ravi Campus, Pattoki University, Pakistan
Abstract
Agarose gel electrophoresis is an ordinarily utilized procedure as a part of different zones of
biotechnology. This self-important yet particular scientific system is utilized as a part of
exploration, biomedical, and criminological research centers. Agarose gel reusing is a
reasonable methodology for sub-atomic hereditary studies. Reuse of agarose gel for day by
day routine examinations to spare cash because of restricted monetary assets for exploration.
This practice fulfills a need to control costs. Reused agarose can be utilized for the
examination of genomic DNA, PCR-RFLP investigation, or different applications in which no
further control of the DNA is essential. Here, we report a basic yet enhanced reusing
strategy, which is nearly like new agarose gel.
Keywords: agarose gel, Biotechnology, RFLP, recycle
INTRODUCTION
Agarose gel electrophoresis is a critical
sub-atomic science instrument. It can be
utilized to decide the succession of
nitrogen bases, the span of an insertion or
erasure, or the nearness of a point change;
it can likewise be utilized to recognize
variable measured alleles at a solitary
locus and to evaluate the quality and
amount of DNA present in an example.
Agarose is a polysaccharide subordinate of
agar and beginning from ocean growth.
Economical use of laboratory consumables
is very important and expedient choice of
inadequate research funds. Recycling
allows materials that would become waste
to be used as valuable resources. The
Animal Genetics Laboratory (AGL) reuses
agarose gel to spare cash for other diverse
exploration necessities. Reused agarose gel
material can be utilized for examination of
genomic DNA, PCR item, PCR-RFLP
investigation, and different systems in
which no further control of the DNA is
essential. The objective of this paper is to
describe a simple recycling method of
agarose gel.[1–3]
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All used agarose gels of (a) extracted
genomic DNA (Montgomery and Sise,
1987)[3]
of Lohi sheep, and (b) PCR-
RFLP product of BMP-15 gene primer
pair FB1: 5ʹ-CACTGTCTTC3ʹ and
RBGCTTG-3ʹ with Hinf I (Hanrahan et
al., 2004) were collected separately in
clean flasks (500 mL). I nitially every gel
framework was weigh and lessened into
little pieces (enhance the effectiveness of
exchangeing cradle) and move into named
jar containing 300 mL refined water. All
cups were secured with aluminum loop
firmly and shake tenderly. The distil water
was changed no less than three times with
equivalent volume. All water changes
were performed at 24 h interims. The
liquid was completely decanted after
exchanges. A 30 mL of TAE 50× buffer

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Bioethanol Production From Areca Nut Husk
Rakesh Chauhan*
Department of Biotechnology, GM Institute of Technology, PB Road, Davangere,
Karnataka, India
Abstract
Bioethanol as an option source of vitality has gotten uncommon consideration worldwide
with the late advances in biotechnology Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a proficient anaerobic
matures cellulase liberally show in dialect cellulosic biomass with high return and
profitability. Mixed society maturation can be considered as an innovation for creation of
cellulase and further aging to deliver ethanol, considering the minimal effort information and
capacity to use actually accessible wellsprings of cellulose as substrate. In this study, it was
subjectively assessed that ethanol can be created utilizing areca nut husk as the substrate via
completing concurrent saccharification and aging utilizing Aspergillus niger and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cellulase protein from Aspergillus niger was used in the
hydrolysis of lignocelluloses, concurrent maturation to change over sugars into ethanol by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After 7 days of maturation by directing subjective test by iodine
test and potassium dichromate test. Iodoform happens as strong at room temperature has
smell of disinfectant and is water insoluble.
Keywords: areca nut husk, antiseptic, saccharification
INTRODUCTION
Everyday exhaustion of fossil fills is the
present situation of overall which have
dragged the consideration towards the
option powers, among those substitute one
will be one biofuel from the wellspring of
organic inception the items and the by-
item from large scale and microorganisms.
Bioethanol is one of the normal most items
from the aging by mono and polymer
sugars by various substances of
agribusiness and plant lignocelluloses
squanders.
The late advances in biotechnology by
S.cerevisiae has a proficient anaerobic
sugar digestion system, endures inhibitory
modern substrates superior to anything
different microorganisms and ages
cellulase bounteously exhibit in
lignocelluloses which will be the result of
Aspergillus niger process biomass with
high return and profitability.[1–5]
Areca Nut and Areca Nut Husk
Areca nut, otherwise called betel nut, is the
piece got from the product of areca nut
palm (Areca catechu Linnaeus). Areca nut
discovers place in religious, social and
social elements of Indiac and thus, India
overwhelms the world in region (57%),
generation (53%) and profitability of areca
nut (0.379 million tons in 2002). The
natural product has a stringy mesocarp,
and seeds are with a truncate base.
Whenever new, the nut is encased into
green husk; in the ready natural product,
the husk gets to be yellow or orange. This
husk is misused monetarily for the

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Regenerative Medicine: A Review
Chhavi Jain*
M.M College, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Regenerative solution and Human tissue designing are the developing fields in
prescription. The idea of regenerative solution is a promising multidisciplinary field
to build up the best approach to propel the wellbeing and personal satisfaction by
reestablishing, keeping up or upgrading tissue and elements of the organs. They are
such biomaterials that will give the self-repairing of the harmed tissues and it
guarantees for the enhanced treatment for the patients, speedier recuperation of the
harmed tissue. The point of regenerative medication is to repair sound capacity to
organs harmed because of sickness or maturing. A vital issue for effective
regenerative solution applications is the source from which the cells are collected and
whether the planned use is tissue substitution, repair, or recovery.
Keywords: epidermolysis, human tissue engineering, regenerative medicine
INTRODUCTION
Regenerative solution including cell
treatment and tissue building is a
developing field that is being researched as
a possibility for the rebuilding of capacity
in numerous ailments. It has been seen
that, human embryonic foundational
microorganisms, grown-up undeveloped
cells, forebear cells from an assortment of
tissues and all the more as of late, the
affected pluripotent undifferentiated cells
all speaks to potential parts for a
regenerative prescription technique for
tissue and organ remaking. The inference
of platelets from foundational
microorganisms, the making of insulin-
emitting, glucose-responsive cells for the
treatment of diabetes, the helpful
utilitarian redesigning of the heart after a
myocardial dead tissue and the recovery of
nerves after spinal line damage all speaks
to a down to earth focus for regenerative
solution.
Regenerative Approaches in Skin
Disease, Burns and Wound Care
It is important that for the harmed skin to
be repaired or supplanted a wellspring of
cells is required and also some type of
extracellular network (ECM) is required so
that the phones can be bolstered.[1]
Skin
substitutes that are utilized for the harmed
zones should be clean; simple to apply to
the harmed range; ought to have the
suitable physical properties; ought to have
the capacity to experience controlled
corruption and be non-dangerous, non-
antigenic and cause negligible provocative
reactivity.[2–5]
Approaches in regenerative medicine
for Skin Diseases
Distinctive thoughts are being made for
the phenotypic signs of heritable skin
afflictions. One a player in regenerative
medication turns around cell-based
medicines, with the possibility that
presentation of cells—whether autologous,

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