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6. EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Nitu R Katariya
Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal
(M.P.) India, India
Dr Kalaivani Thirunavukarasu
SRM University,
India
Dr. Sohel Rana
University of Minho, Campus de Azurem Portugal
Dr. Alagiri Swamy
SRM university Main Campus, India
Dr. Alexander Samardak
Far Eastern Federal University, Russian Federation
Dr. Swapnadip De
Meghnad Saha Institute Of Technology, India
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Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
Dr. Tapas Kuila
DST INSPIRE Faculty Fellow, India
Dr. Suresh Kumar Kailas
S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT),
India
Dr. Lavanya khanna
Thapar University, Patiala,
India
Dr. Saeed Khodabakhshi
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI)
Tehran, Iran
Dr Prashanthi Kovur
University of Alberta,
Canada
Dr. Michael Loong Peng Tan
Dept. of Electronics and Computer Engineering
(ECE) Faculty of Electrical Enginering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai
Johor Malaysia
Dr. Ajaya Kumar Singh
Associate Professor Department of Chemistry
(DST-FIST Sponsored) Govt. V. Y. T. PG.
Autonomous College, (College with Potential
for Excellence) Durg Chhattisgarh, India
Dr. Dalvinder Singh Grewal
Advisor, Sri Sukhmani Group of Institutions
ChandigarhIn
Dr. Neetha J. Shetty
Associate Professor, Manipal college of dental
sciences Mangalore, India
Dr. Rajesh Das
Associate Professor Haldia Institute of
technology, Haldia Purba-Medinipur,
West Bengal, India., India
Dr. Aniruddha Chatterjee
Deptment of Plastics and Polymers Technology
University Institute of Chemical Technology,
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon India
Dr. S. Krishnakumar
Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Faculty of Bio and Chemical
Engineering, Sathyabama University
Chennai, India, India
Dr. Bipin J. Agrawal, Dr. Bipin J. Agrawal
(FTA(I), FISCA, FICER, FIJERIA, FIJMRAE,
FANSF) Associate Professor Department of
Textile Chemistry Faculty of Technology &
Engineering The M. S. University of Baroda
vadodara India
Dr. Shobhna Vij
niscair, nsl, new delhi, India
Dr. Pradip Kumar Roy
Assistant Professor Indian Institute of
Technology (I.I.T.) – Banaras Hindu University
(B.H.U.),Varanasi

7. From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures. This journal is part
of the Nanomaterials and Nanostructures and is devoted to the scope of present Nanotech
and Material Sciences from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the
validationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of
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professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Nanotech and Material
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atexcellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructured focuses on original high-quality research in
the realm of Nanomaterial sciences and Material Structure. Zero- One and two -Dimensional
Nanostructures,Special Nanomaterials, Nanostructures Fabrication, Nanomaterials synthesis,
Nanotopography, Nanocomposite,GML nanofilm, Nanocages, Nanofabrics ,Nanofiber, Nanoflake,
Nanoparticles:Metalsand MetalAlloys,NanoMinerals:Nanoclays
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques to share
Nanomaterials,Nanostructuresand Materialsciencessolutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Nanomaterial and
Nanostructures community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the
idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others,
reportingnewdevelopmentsinthefieldofNanomaterialsciencesandNanostructure
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It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for International Journal of
Nanomaterials and Nanostructures readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of
Nanomaterialand Nanostructures
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

8. 1. Growth of CNT in a Stainless Steel Surface by Using Gold Nanoparticle as a Catalyst for
Corrosionless Implants
Shyamal Mandal 1
2. Application of Nanomaterials for Food Industry
Sandeep Rai, Anjali Bishnoi, Sunil Kkumar, Jinkal Mistry, Hitkam Pandya 6
3. Synthesis of High-Quality Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Fe/MgO Catalysts
Hussain Arbai 25
4. MRF Computation to Identify Errors in Quantum Structures
E.N. Ganesh 28
5. Review of Influence of pH on Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
Pulkit Mathur 38
Contents

9. IJNN (2016) 1–5 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
eISSN: 2455-5584
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Growth of CNT in a Stainless Steel Surface by Using Gold
Nanoparticle as a Catalyst for Corrosionless Implants
Shyamal Mandal*
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
ABSTRACT
Now a day’s maximum implant are failure due to corrosion or infection. And the infection is
happened due to growth of Escheria coli, steptococus, miccrobacterium tuberculosis like
bacteria. Carbon nanotubes based stainless steel implant may be the promising outcome for
corrosion. Carbon nano tubes when irradiate with NIR will heat up to 70°C and it has been
demonstrate that folic acid adsorbed on carbon nano tubes allow specific binding to cancer
cells. And this cancer cells were destroyed upon NIR irradiation. Multiwall Carbon Nanotube
(diameter 40–300 nm) were synthesized on the stainless steel surface via chemical vapour
deposition method. Gold nano particles (size 1–30 nm) were used as a catalyst. The surface
morphology, microstructure and were investigated by scanning electron microscopy,
transmission electron microscopy. The interaction of a liquid in stainless steel surface is
defined by measured by contact angle (CA), on the basis of contact angle value the CNT
grown stainless steel surface defined as hydrophobic (øc < 90°). Most of the bacteria grown
in wet surface so the contact angle measurement is very important for testing the anti-
microbial property of that surface.
Keywords: antimicrobial, contact angle, corrosion less, Escheria coli, NIR irradiation
INTRODUCTION
Carbon Nanotube
CNT can be structurally considered as the
seamless rolling of carbon sheets in a
cylindrical form.
Depending on the number of carbon sheets
from which a single carbon monotube is
composed, the carbon nano tube are
classified as single – walled carbon
Nanotube (CWCNT) double wall carbon
nanotube (DWNT) and multi wall carbon
Nano tube (MWNTs) neglecting
hypothical ends the carbon nano tubes are
generally considered to be 1D structures
because of the large aspect ratios of the
cylinders (~104
–106
).
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube
Based on the literature, the method of
synthesis of CNTs can be categorized in to
two groups:
(a) Physical deposition
(b) Chemical deposition
Physical Method
Under this main category the subcategory
of the physical deposition techniques are
describe below. Arc Discharge: in the arc
discharge method, first an inert-gas-
plasma is created at a low pressure.
Subsequently, an arc discharge is created
by passing high currents between two
carbon roads placed end to end
approximately.1 mm apart. Bacon in 1960,
used this method for the first time to grow
carbon whiskers (Figure 1).[1]

10. IJNN (2016) 6–24 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 6
International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
eISSN: 2455-5584
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Application of Nanomaterials for Food Industry
Sandeep Rai1,2*
, Anjali Bishnoi2
, Sunil Kumar2
, Jinkal Mistry1
, Hitkam Pandya1
1
GRP Limited, Panoli Industrial Estate, GIDC, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
2
Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Vataria, Ankleshwar, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
ABSTRACT
This review focuses on the use of nanomaterials in food industry. The topic of this review
highlights application of nanomaterials in processing, in packaging and as food contact
materials. This review also gives an insight on the food safety as well as regulation of
nanotechnologies for ensuring food safety. The food industry is in need of technologies,
which can be employed to produce fresh authentic, convenient and flavourful food products.
Products with prolonged shelf life and freshness along-with improving the quality of food are
the other major targets. In fact nanomaterials have revolutionized the food industry. Recent
development of smart packaging helped to optimize product shelf life using nanomaterials.
Such packaging systems based on nanomaterials can repair small holes/tears and can
suitably respond to environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture changes to
alert the customer in case the food is contaminated. Nanomaterials can provide answers to
practical solutions for modifying the permeation behaviour of foils by increasing barrier
properties. Nanomaterials can also be used to develop surfaces with antimicrobial and
antifungal properties which are capable of sensing and signalling microbiological and
biochemical changes in the nano-biodegradable packaging. The article also briefly highlight
the need of creating regulatory systems for managing risks associated with the use of
nanomaterials in the food industry.
Keywords: biodegradable, nanofoods, nanomaterials, nanotechnology, nanosensors
INTRODUCTION
Nanomaterials are the pillars of
nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Recently, nanomaterial research has
attracted great attention of scientists and
therefore field has seen exponential growth
over the last few years.
Nanomaterials are defined as very small, at
least in one dimension. In nanomaterial, at
least one dimension (width, length or
height) must be less than 100 nm.[1]
It is to
be highlighted that size of a nanomaterial
is one billionth of a meter or 1000 million
times smaller than a meter.
It is so small that it is 100,000 times
smaller than a diameter of a human hair.
Nanomaterials are of great interest because
of their unique properties.
The nanoparticles possess unique
mechanical, optical, magnetic and
electrical properties which are not
observed in their bulk counterparts.
Because of unique properties,
nanomaterials have potential for
applications in numerous fields such as
food, electronics, medicine, transportation,
textiles, etc.

11. IJNN (2016) 25-27 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 25
International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
eISSN: 2455-5584
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Synthesis of High-Quality Single- and Double-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes on Fe/MgO Catalysts
Hussain Arbai*
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak,
Tehran, Iran
ABSTRACT
In this study, Fe/MgO impetuses with three diverse iron substance (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) were
set up by three impetus readiness techniques: impregnation, arrangement burning union, and
co-calcination of metal nitrates. The subsequent impetuses were subjected to methane at
900°C so as to develop carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The powders and items were then
considered by X-beam diffraction (XRD), differential warm investigation (DTA), checking
and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and Raman spectroscopy.
Development of MgFe2O4 after warming the impetuses to 900°C was affirmed by XRD. After
the development step, comparing pinnacles of MgFe2O4 vanished and metallic iron pinnacles
showed up, demonstrating that MgFe2O4 is the dependable stage for generation of iron
nanoparticles. HRTEM pictures demonstrated that the item on the 5 wt.% impetuses was for
the most part SWNTs and DWNTs with no proof of carbon nanofibers or multi-walled carbon
nanotubes on the co-calcination impetus. Moreover, ID/IG proportions acquired from Raman
spectra were all underneath 0.1, with the exception of one specimen, demonstrating the great
nature of the items.
Keywords: carbon nanotubes, catalysis, Raman spectra
INTRODUCTION
Due to their unique properties, single- and
double-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
have found numerous applications in fields
such as catalysis, composites, and
electronics. However, commercialization
requires large-scale and cost-effective
synthesis processes. Catalytic chemical
vapor deposition (CCVD) has become
well-established as a very efficient
technique in such processes,[1,2]
which
requires the presence of a catalyst.
Several methods for the preparation of the
catalyst have been reported, as well as
different ways to modify the synthesis of
desired CNTs. Among them, impregnation
is perhaps the most common. Using this
method, Colomer et al.[3]
reported the
large-scale synthesis of SWNTs over
Fe/MgO, Co/MgO, and Ni/MgO catalysts.
Ago et al.[4]
synthesized single-walled
carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and double-
walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) over
MgO-supported catalysts and reported that
the catalytic activity of Fe was higher than
with Ni and Co; this has been corroborated
elsewhere.[3,5]
Ning et al.[6]
synthesized
SWNTs and DWNTs over heat-treated
Fe/MgO catalysts and revealed that
hydrogen treatment has a very detrimental
effect on CNT quality. This adverse effect
of hydrogen was also reported by Ago et
al.,[7]
correlated to iron-particle coarsening
during the H2 reduction process. Recently,
the present authors reported successful
synthesis of CNTs over Fe/MgAl2O4
catalysts through CCVD without using

12. IJNN (2016) 28-37 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 28
International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
eISSN: 2455-5584
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
MRF Computation to Identify Errors in Quantum Structures
E.N. Ganesh*
Department of ECE, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, India
ABSTRACT
As the present trend move towards the construction of circuits using Nano scale devices, the
probability rate of occurrence of errors in these devices are high. Therefore, detailed study is
required to identify the possibility of errors in these nanoarchitectures. In this paper we
propose two elegant methods namely Probabilistic based design methodology and Markov
random field approach to identify the occurrence of errors. Any arbitrary logic circuits can
be expressed using these methods and logic operation is achieved by maximizing the
probability of state configurations in logic networks. Maximizing the probability of state
configurations is equivalent to minimizing a form of energy that depends on neighbor nodes
in the network. Here, the logic circuits such as full adder, decoder, multiplexer, D and T type
FF are simulated using QCA automata tool and employed the above design methodologies to
find the errors in these devices. Finally we conclude that probabilistic design based approach
and MRF computation can dynamically be adopted to identify the structural and signal based
faults occurring in the quantum scale devices.
Keywords: energy, quantum structure, silicon
INTRODUCTION
Silicon based devices are fast approaching
their practical limits and according to
Moore’s law every couple of years there is
a double of no of transistors on a single
chip.[1]
Limitations such as lithography,
high fields effects, short channel effects
are dominating as the devices dimensions
are reduced. As a result many alternatives
to silicon-based devices are being explored
for the basis of developing new
nanoelectronic systems. Here we focus on
Nanotechnology concept of quantum cell
automata technology being developed by
Walus[2]
that attempts to create a general
computational functionality at the
nanoscale by controlling the position of
single electrons. The fundamental unit of
QCA cell is the QCA cell created with
four Quantum dots positioned at the
vertices of square. Electrons able to tunnel
between the quantum cells placed adjacent
to each other will interact. As a result,
polarization of one cell will be directly
affects the polarization of neighboring
cells. Therefore, an array of QCA cells
acts as a wire and is able to transmit
information from one end to another.
Therefore QCA cells can be used to
construct combinational logic circuits and
these circuits can be simulated using QCA
tool.
The fabrication of nanocircuits has been
limited to a few devices intended to
demonstrate only simple logic or memory
operations. However for larger network of
devices, there are no actual data to
measure the characteristics of these
devices. Practically it may be possible to
have the following two limitations at the
nanoscale levels.
First one, the device failure during
interconnections and next is operation near

13. IJNN (2016) 38-41© JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 38
International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
eISSN: 2455-5584
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Review of Influence of pH on Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
Pulkit Mathur*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of
Congo
ABSTRACT
The anodic oxidation strategy has been utilized to get ready thin movies of titanium dioxide
(TiO2) in corrosive and soluble electrolytes. The impact of pH on the structure, the
morphology and the photograph reaction of the kept TiO2 has been assessed by measuring
the present thickness. The test comes about demonstrated that the photograph current
reaction was pH subordinate. The corrosive electrolytes being the best medium in creating
stable oxide movies with great grip to titanium metal substrate and great charging rate and
current thickness.
Keywords: anodic oxidation, photo response, pH values, titanium films
INTRODUCTION
The thin layers and nanoparticles of the
move metals oxide stir a major intrigue
these days both on the hypothetical and
exploratory perspective.
On the experimental plan, the
understanding of the behaviour of
transition metals from which they arise is
far from being satisfactory even though
these oxides show very interesting
properties. In their great majority these
oxides show not only a semiconducting
behaviour, but also a photo-catalytic
activity. This last property is particularly
very important in the photolysis of the
water, the decomposition of organic
pollutants, and the clean-up of the air.[1]
The precursory works of Brattan and
Garret on the physical behaviour of
semiconductors, more specifically some
germanium in contact with aqueous
solution are references in this field. The
reference regarding the metal
semiconductors of 3d oxides has for origin
the work realized by Fujishima and
Honda, whose were the first to use a single
crystalline TiO2 photo anode for electro-
catalytic decomposition of water under the
influence of the external applied anode
potential. The application of such as
anodic bias was found to increase the
photo-catalytic efficiency of TiO2 thin
layers for degrading undesirable pollutants
in aqueous solution.[2]
This works were realized in order to use
and store the solar energy and were the
starting point of several researches up
today.
Currently, researches are mainly focused
on three directions: 1) storage and use of
solar energy (photo-galvanic cells), 2)
photo-catalysis by induction of photo-
activated reactions by natural or artificial
catalyst, 3) the manufacturing of
electronic devices (sensors, nano-
components). Regarding to the two first
applications, titanium dioxide to its low
cost and toxicity is the one with quasi-
inalterability in the reaction medium; add
to that his low cost and toxicity.

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