Need for Capacity Planning
Type of Capacity
Roles of forecasting in Capacity Planning
Facility Layout Planning
Product Layout
Process Layout
Fixed position layout
Cellular layout
Principles of Plant layout
Types of Plant layout
Process layout
Product layout
Cellular Manufacturing layout
fixed Position layout
Hybrid Layout
and their Advantages & disadvantages
The Master Production Schedule (MPS) is a plan for the production of individual final items. The MPS breaks down the production plan to show, in each period, the quantity to produce of each final article.
#masterproduction #mps #mrp #erp #manufacturing #manufacturingsoftware #erpsoftware #mrpeasy
This topic is related to Material requirement planning, MRP.
Types of material requirement planning
Benefits of MRP. Limitation of MRP, Objective of MRP, MRP Input, MRP Output, Steps of MRP
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
-Management function responsible for producing goods & services
-Objectives of production management
-Functions of production management
-Production system & models
The presentation content Introduction
Objective, Factors affecting layout, Scope of facility of layout, Type of facility of layout and Process designing
Prerequisites for Developing a Facility Layout
Level of plants, Technique for designing a facility layout, Case study with example
Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. ... Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities.
Principles of Plant layout
Types of Plant layout
Process layout
Product layout
Cellular Manufacturing layout
fixed Position layout
Hybrid Layout
and their Advantages & disadvantages
The Master Production Schedule (MPS) is a plan for the production of individual final items. The MPS breaks down the production plan to show, in each period, the quantity to produce of each final article.
#masterproduction #mps #mrp #erp #manufacturing #manufacturingsoftware #erpsoftware #mrpeasy
This topic is related to Material requirement planning, MRP.
Types of material requirement planning
Benefits of MRP. Limitation of MRP, Objective of MRP, MRP Input, MRP Output, Steps of MRP
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
-Management function responsible for producing goods & services
-Objectives of production management
-Functions of production management
-Production system & models
The presentation content Introduction
Objective, Factors affecting layout, Scope of facility of layout, Type of facility of layout and Process designing
Prerequisites for Developing a Facility Layout
Level of plants, Technique for designing a facility layout, Case study with example
Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. ... Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities.
Facility Location Planning
What is facility location ?
Operations Strategies for Multiple Facilities
Factors affecting Facility Location Planning
Dimensional Analysis
Brown and Gibson Model for Site location
Locating Foreign Operations Facilities
In this presentation, we will discuss material planning systems and its evolution. Overview on MRP processes, its objectives and types of demands. We will also talk about the various terminologies like bills of material, inventory record, operating logics, MRP explosion process, capacity requirement planning.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Plant Layout
Facility Layout Planning
Product Layout
Process Layout
Fixed position layout
Cellular layout
Factors affecting location plant
Merit and Demerits
Plant Layout Principles
An Assembly line
U shaped assembly line
Assembly line balancing
Cellular layout and Group Technology
Layout planning is deciding on the best physical arrangement of all resources that consume space within a facility.
Decisions about the arrangement of resources in a business are not made only when a new facility is being designed; they are made any time there is a change in the arrangement of resources, such as a new worker being added, a machine being moved, or a change in procedure being implemented.
Layout planning is performed any time there is an expansion in the facility or a space reduction.
Facility Layout
Introduction
Layout planning is determining the best physical arrangement of resources within a facility.
It may be defined as a technique of locating machines, processes and plant services within the factory so as to achieve the right quantity and quality of output at the lowest possible cost of manufacturing.
Objective of a good Layout
Provide enough production capacity.
Reduce material handling costs.
Reduce congestion that impedes the movement of people or material.
Reduce hazards to personnel.
Increase employee morale.
Reduce accidents.
Utilize available space effectively & efficiently.
Internet threats are difficult to defend.
Malware defensive tools use more of ‘Botnets’
Fighting malware is asymmetric,favouring attackers.
P2P botnets are used as its more resilent
Using re-engineering existing malware, defenders can build antidotes to eradicate spreading functions.
Antidote can be used to monitor on-site activity of the malwares.
Malware families such as Hlux, Sality, Zeus would be most effective approach.
Green Supply Chain in Automobile Industry
Green SCM v/s Conventional
Life Cycle Thinking
BENEFITS OF GREEN SCM
Pollution Prevention Hierarchy
Green Back-end Supply Chain of Maruti India
Green Procurement Guidelines Tier 1
Barriers to implement GSCM in Indian Automobile industry
Comparison of Lean Manufacturing with GSCM
A Not-for-Profit Medical Research Center
Project Objective
Project Assumptions
Technical requirements
Activities to Complete
Project Timelines
Project Priority Matrix
Work Breakdown Structure
Responsibility matrix
Plans are only good intentions, unless they immediately degenerate into Hard work
Scheduling
Routing
Prioritizing
Dispatching
What is Scheduling ?
Forward Scheduling
Backward Scheduling
Finite LOADING
infinite loading
Schedule Gantt Chart
Line balancing
GOAL AND OBJECTIVE
LINE BALANCING PROCEDURE
Strategies and Costs
as early as possible
as last as possible
Purchasing Management
Principles of Purchasing Management OR (8 R'S)
Functions of Purchasing Management
Negotiating
Value Engineering
VALUE ANALYSIS
Receive Purchase Request
Supplier selection
Payment Authorization
Market research and Information
Selection of Source
Determination of Price and Availability
Follow Up
Production Planning and Control
Objective of PPC
Classification/Functions of PPC
Levels of PPC
Factors determining Production Planning Procedures
Production Planning System
Factors Determining PC procedures
Material Resource Planning (MRP)
Objectives of MRP
Fundamental concepts of MRP
Functions of MRP
Inputs to MRP
Master production schedule(MPS)
Bill of Materials (BOM)
Inventory Status File
MRP outputs
Learning Curve
Negotiating
Material Handling
Objectives of Materials Handling
Material Handling Principles
Storage Equipment
Belt Conveyor
Store Management
Objectives of store
Spare Part Management
Classification of Spare parts for stocking policy Analysis
Codification
Objectives of Codification
Standardization
Advantages of Standardization
Inventory Management
Use of Inventory
Types of Costs
ABC Analysis
VED Analysis
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
Types of Inventory Management System
Assumptions of EOQ
Basic Fixed Order Quantity Model (EOQ)
EOQ Curve
ABC and VED Classification
Function / Use of Inventory
Book review
It Happened in India
KISHORE BIYANI
Future Retail ,
Future Capital,
Future Brands,
Future Logistics,
Future Media.
Made in India
*REWRITE RULES, RETAIN VALUES*
Built from scratch
Nokia
Microsoft
Success
Failure
Merger
Nokia : History
Nokia Introduction
WHEN DID NOKIA ENTER INDIA?
EARLY STAGES OF SMARTPHONE IN INDIA
ANDROID ENTERS INDIA
Range Of Products
SWOT ANALYSIS of Nokia
Decline of NOKIA
What was wrong in the company’s reaction?
Wrong decisions
What did Stephen Elop do wrong?
The Consumer
Research Process
The Importance of the Consumer
Research Process
Largely Influenced by Psychology, sociology, and anthropology
Developing Research Objectives
Secondary Data
Designing Primary research
Qualitative Collection Method
Depth Interview
Market segmentation
What Is Market Segmentation?
Bases for Segmentation
Geographic
Demographic
Psychological
Psychographic
Sociocultural
Criteria for Effective Targeting of Segments
Implementing Segmentation Strategies
Family Life Cycle Advertising
Use-Related Segmentation
Criteria for Effective Targeting of Market Segments
Implementing Segmentation Strategies
Targeting
Psychographic Segmentation
Production and Operations Management
Product Vs Service
Concept of Production and OM
Functions /Scope of POM
Operation Strategy
Transformation Process
Product Design & Product Process
History of POM
Issues in POM
Setting Product Strategy
What is a Product?
Components of the Market Offering
Durability and Tangibility
Use
Consumer Goods Classification
The Product Hierarchy (using life insurance example)
Product Systems and Mixes
Product Line Analysis
Packaging , labeling warranties
Packaging Objectives
Functions of Labels
Crafting the Brand Positioning
Developing & Establishing a Brand Positioning
Points-of-difference
Points-of-parity
Brand Mantras
Communicating Category Membership
Consumer Desirability Criteria for PODs
Deliverability Criteria for PODs
Differentiation Strategies
Positioning and Branding a Small Business
Identifying Market Segments and Targets
Effective Targeting Requires
Four levels of Micromarketing
What is a Market Segment?
Flexible Marketing Offerings
Preference Segments
Segmenting Consumer Markets
Behavioral Segmentation
The Brand Funnel Illustrates Variations in the Buyer-Readiness Stage
Loyalty Status
Segmenting for Business Markets
Steps in Segmentation Process
Effective Segmentation Criteria
Analyzing Business Markets
What is Organizational Buying?
Top Business Marketing Challenges
Characteristics of Business Markets
Buying Situation
Participants in Business Buying ProcessThe Buying Center
Supplier SearchForms of Electronic Marketplaces
Methods for Researching Customer Value
Establishing Corporate Trust and Credibility
Factors Affecting Buyer-Supplier Relationships
What is Opportunism?
Analyzing Consumer Markets
What Influences Consumer Behavior?
What is Culture?
Subcultures
Fast Facts About American Culture
Social Classes
Characteristics of Social Classes
Reference Groups
Roles and Status
Personal Factors
The Family Life Cycle
Lifestyle Influences
Model of Consumer Behavior
Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Consumer Buying Process
Problem Recognition
Conducting Marketing Research
What is Marketing Research?
Types of Marketing Research Firms
The Marketing Research Process
Marketing Research Process
Characteristics of Good Marketing Research
What is Marketing-Mix Modeling?
Marketing Dashboards
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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2. Session outline
Need for Capacity Planning
Type of Capacity
Roles of forecasting in Capacity Planning
Facility Layout Planning
Product Layout
Process Layout
Fixed position layout
Cellular layout
3. Capacity and Capacity Planning
Capacity of facility is defined as Maximum load that can be
handled by it during given period.
The load can expressed in terms of amount of inputs or output.
Ex. Capacity of Sugar mill can expressed in terms of the tones of
sugar cane (inputs) crushed per day or in terms of tones of sugar
(output) produced per day
4. Need for Facility Capacity Planning
Low capacity of facility may result in costs of under capacity,
especially during periods of high demand of the product. Loss of
potential profit.
Over Capacity of plant means less number of units of product
are produced due to lower demand as compared to capacity
available.
5. Continue…
1. To keep initial investment in the facility as low as possible to
achieve break even volume
2. Investments in facility capacity are long term and can not be
reversed easily.
3. To satisfy the future demand of products without any shortage.
4. Optimal Capacity(Minimum) = Under Capacity + Over Capacity
7. Design Capacity
This is capacity design for the facility. It depends upon the
number and capacity of machines and equipments.
Effective Capacity
If facility used to make different products, a set up time will be
required between batches of different products to be produced.
Always lower than design capacity.
Actual Capacity
Maximum rate of output rate which is actually achieved under
the constraints of machine breakdown.
Actual capacity can be equal to or less than effective capacity.
8. Way of increasing effective capacity
Proper process quality control so that there are lesser defective
items requiring rework.
Good Training, High Motivation, Less Absenteeism
Good coordination with suppliers for timely and defective
suppliers and proper scheduling of products on machines.
Properly following the environmental and pollution norms,
which result in inspected by government agencies and less
disruption of production activities.
Proper Facility Location, layout and internal working condition.
9. Roles of Forecasting in Capacity Planning
Four types of General trends are possible.
1. Growth
2. Decline
3. Cyclical
4. Stable
11. Product Layout / An assembly line
It is suitable when product having standard features is to be
produced in large volumes.
The production process involves repetitive tasks to be performed
on items arrange in sequence
The specialized machines and equipment are arranged once after
other. This production line is often called assembly line.
The assembly line has mechanized moving platform , which moves
at regular interval of time.
The basic structure of the products to be manufactured in the raw
form are placed on conveyor at equal distance from each other.
12. Continue….
Across conveyor, there are workstation which have required
machines, equipments, components , tools to perform assembling of
tasks on the basic product.
The total performance time of tasks assigned to each workstation
should be almost equal.
This is necessary because conveyor moves after definite period of
time.
13. Advantages Disadvantages
Easier material handling and less
inventory costs.
Less supervision and labour
training costs
High output rate and low cost of
item per unit
High Efficiency of labour and
equipment
No need of scheduling once the
line is operational
Maintenance cost is fairly high
to ensure smooth running of
line
Inflexible to design changes in
products or processes
(expensive)
Breakdown of a machine lead
to halt in production
Repetitive tasks lead to
frustration for workers
Continue….
14. U shaped assembly line
It is useful particularly when there is a single worker in the line
taking care of all workstation.
It reduce the walking distance of worker almost by half.
The closeness of workstations allows workers to helps a fellow
worker catch up. Increase team work among workers.
Reduce material handling as entry and exit point of material on
line are nearby.
At the same time , many workstation close to each other may
result in conversation, noise etc. resulting distraction from work.
16. Assembly line balancing
The assembly line can be efficient only when tasks are assigned to
different workstations in such a way that as far as possible, total
processing times at these workstation are equal.
This is so because conveyor moves at regular intervals of time and
therefore time available for each workstation to complete list of set of
assigned tasks is the same. This is achieve by assembly line balancing
17. Process Layout
In this machines are arranged in no particular sequence as processing
requirements and sequence are different for various type of products
to be manufactured.
It is suitable when different produces are produced in lots or
batches. This is called intermittent manufacturing.
The demand of items is not high enough to warrant continuous
manufacturing.
Process Layout is very commonly found in service set ups such as
banks, hospitals, post offices, universities etc.
19. Continue…
Advantages Disadvantages
Maintenance cost is low because of
low cost general purpose machines.
The system is more flexible to design
changes in products as compare to
product layout.
Breakdown of machine does not lead
to halt in production as substitute
machines are kept ready for such
situations
The system promote creativity of
workers due to the variety of tasks
performed by them.
Material handling is time consuming as
there is no fixed route.
Work in process inventory is usually
high in batch processing
A low output rate and thus high cost
per unit.
Routing and scheduling is tedious and
time consuming for different products
High cost of supervision because of
special treatment to every product
being processed.
20. Fixed Position Layout
The product is very bulky , heavy , large or has fixed
position. Ex. Construction of building, dam or plant
Equipment , raw materials, and workers team are brought
to side according to a time schedule for better utilization of
the space available.
21. Cellular layout and Group Technology
Product layout is desirable by most organization , but
low volume.
Intermittent layout called cellular layout.
Cellular manufacturing, a model for workplace
design, is an integral part of just-in-time
manufacturing and lean manufacturing,
In this groups of items with similar processing
requirements are identified and separate
22. Assignments
Que.1 ) Explain Product layout and Process layout in detail
OR
Discuss types of Plant Layout with suitable examples.
OR
Define the various types of plant layout in brief with suitable
examples of each.
OR
What is Plant layout? List the various types of Plant layout. Carry
out a comparative analysis product and process layout with an
example.
OR
How many types of Basic Layouts are there for a facility? Briefly
explain each of them.