A distributed control system (DCS) provides safe, efficient, and reliable control of critical components in a thermal power plant. Key benefits of a DCS include high reliability, improved response time, improved operator interface, and historical data storage. A DCS uses controller cards, input/output cards, and communication cards to monitor and control elements like valves, pumps, temperatures, and pressures. Operators interact with the DCS through workstations with displays for alarms, graphics, trends, and reports. Automatic controls help optimize processes while interlocks ensure safe operation during startups, run cycles, and shutdowns.

1. DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM ( DCS ) FOR THERMAL POWER PLANT SHIVAJI CHOUDHURY

2. OBJECTIVE OF DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM(DCS) Safe operation of plant Lowest cost of generation Longest equipment life Minimum environmental effect Maximum efficiency Energy conversation

3. BENEFITS OF DCS High reliability Improved response time Improve operator interface to plant Improve accessibility of plant data to engineering & management personals Historical storage and retrieval system

4. DCS HARDWARE Controller card Input cards (4-20mA, Thermocouple, RTD,Digital,SOE). Output cards(4-20 mA ,digital) Power supply module. Communication card Cables Controller with input/output card

5. MAN MACHINE INTERFACE CRT/TFT MONITOR (OPERATOR WORK STATION) LVS (Large Video Screen) PRINTER

6. DCS Architecture MOTORISED VALVES/ DAMPERS LOCAL JB E P POWER AMP. CONTACT INPUTS CJC BOX T/Cs ANALOG (4-20mA) RTDs + - LOCAL JB LOCAL JB LOCAL JB

7. OPERATOR WORK STATION Alarm monitoring Mimic /graphic display Trend display Operator guidance display System & diagnostic display Control Bar chart Sequence display Fault analysis display

8. DISPLAY-mimic

9. DISPLAY-mimic

10. TRENDING

11. LOGS / SUMMARIES / REPORTS EVENT ACTIVATED LOGS -.alarm log ,trip analysis log, start up log TIME ACTIVATED LOGS -shift log, daily log OPERATOR DEMAND LOGS - summary log, performance log, maintenance log SEQUENCE OF EVENTS LOG

12. REPORTS

13. AUTO CONTROL LOOP Coordinated control Total air control Super/reheater temperature control Mill out temperature control Hot well/heater /deaerator level control Drum level control Furnace draft control

14. INTERLOCK & PROTECTION Interlock & protection are used for safe startup /operation /shutdown /trip /of any equipment or auxiliaries, e.g. CW pump, ID Fan , FD fan, BFP, CEP, Mill ,PA FAN Heater Valve & drains

15. BOILER CONTROLS Burner management system Secondary air damper control Aux pressure desuper heating system Soot blower control Hp by pass

16. TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM Turbine governing system Turbine protection Automatic turbine run up system Turbine stress controller Lp bypass Sequence controls for turbine driven BFP Generator aux monitoring

17. PERFORMANCE CALCULATION Boiler efficiency Turbine HP/IP/LP turbine Feed heaters Deaerator Condenser Air preheater Unit heat rate

18. TYPICAL DCS OF 500 MW UNIT No of inputs 13750 No of outputs 7250 Operator Work Station 8 Large Video Screen 5

19. THANKS