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![Centralized Control System
• In the early days of introduction of the computers for process
automation, a single big mainframe was used to control whole
plant.
• This single mainframe computer was alone made responsible
to carry out all the functions such as communicating with the
field instruments, performing calculations and control
operations.
• That means computer itself can perform the control
algorithm. This is known as Direct Digital Control [DDC].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rajapi4351701-251010093220-1d146e4d/85/RAj-API-4351701-pptx-10-320.jpg)
RAj API (4351701).pptx .
- 1. Instrumentation and ControlIn Thermal Power Plant Name : Malam raj D En NO : 236230317010 Branch : instrumentation and control Division : A1 Course Title: Applied Instrumentation (Course Code: 4351701)
- 2. Introduction • A ThermalPower Plant converts the heat energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the turbine.Thermal Power Plants contribute maximum to the generation of Power for any country • Thermal Power Plants constitute 75.43% of the total installed captive and non-captive power generation in India • In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are employed as primary sources of energy.
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- 4. • Bharat HeavyElectricals Ltd. has been providing several power plant automation solutions, based on the well proven PROCONTROL P-13 DCS system. The applications range from SG, TG controls and Station DCS for Industrial Co-generation CPP to geographically distributed Unified Plant Automation systems for Large Utilities upto 500 MW. • The automation actively controls the plant during the three main phases of operation. • 1. Plant Startup. 2. Power generation in a stable or transient condition. 3. Plant Shutdown.
- 5. Functions of ControlAnd Instrumentation • The main work of C&I department is to observe, control and manipulate electrical as well as non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, vibrations. • C&I department governs the whole functioning and operation of power plant through the Central Control System (DDC- MIS) “Distributed Digital Control Monitoring and Information System”.
- 6. • The operationand monitoring of the entire Power Plant is implemented in functional Distributed environment comprising the follows • Binary Controls / Open Loop Control System (OLCS) • Analog Controls / Closed Loop Control System (CLCS) • Signal acquisition / Measurement System (MS) • Operator Interface & Human Machine Interface systems
- 7. • The OpenLoop Control System (OLCS) • The Open Loop Control System (OLCS) / Binary Controls systems performs the functions of sequential operation interlock and protection for various plant equipments like Boiler and Turbine , valves , motor pump etc.,. Are of 2 types- 1. Centralized Control System(C.C.S) 2. Distributed Control System(D.C.S) • The Closed Loop Control System (CLCS) • The Closed Loop Control System (CLCS) / Analog Controls Systems continuously controls the valves, dampers, other mechanical devices and will include P, PI, PID and other control algorithms depending upon the process and functional requirements
- 8. • Measurement Systems(MS) • Measurement Systems (MS) All the signals that are coming into or going out of the DCS systems for control, monitoring and information purpose are caused by measurement systems. • These are realized through input or output cards of the DCS systems which will perform • a) Analog Signal Controlling and processing • b) Binary Signal Controlling and processing
- 9. Operator Interface &Human Machine Interface systems • This environment provides the following functions: • Supervision of Plant Processes. • Processing of Plant Information. • Presentation of Plant Information. • Analysis of Plant Events. • Operator Dialogue. • Long time storage of data for analysis of plant performance. • Monitoring of plant performance by periodic calculations. • Alarm management. • Sequence of events recording.
- 10. Centralized Control System •In the early days of introduction of the computers for process automation, a single big mainframe was used to control whole plant. • This single mainframe computer was alone made responsible to carry out all the functions such as communicating with the field instruments, performing calculations and control operations. • That means computer itself can perform the control algorithm. This is known as Direct Digital Control [DDC].
- 11. Distributed Control System •MaxDNA- • The intelligence of the system is distributed among several modules, each working independently, with its own inputs and outputs • maxDNA is a network of applications where diverse hardware and software solutions co-operate to allow the plant to reach its greatest potential.
- 12. • The followingfeatures are to be satisfied by plant in order to implement maxDNA DCS System. • Open environment for optimizing the whole enterprise. • Optimal operation environment, hardware up gradable to the latest technology. • Flexible, durable system that can be optimized for plant operation. • Minimize total cost of ownership. • Powerful engineering functions.
- 13. maxDNA Architecture The hardwarecomponents of max system can be broadly divided into following major components:- Max Panels: The max Panels are steel cabinets of Dimensions 750x750x2415 (all dimensions in mm). It houses the Distributed Processing Units, the Input/Output Cards and Terminal Boxes (TB) for cable terminations coming from field. These TBs and Modules are arranged in Max Panel in rack & row formation as shown in figure-2. Typically a max panel can house upto 4 racks of modules with each rack having at-most 8 modules
- 14. Field Instruments: Theseinclude measuring instruments like Pressure Transmitters/switches, Temperature Transmitters/switches, level Indicators, actuators, sensors etc.