This document discusses the differences between programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and distributed control systems (DCSs) in order to help determine which type of system is best suited for different applications. It outlines seven key questions to consider regarding the manufacturing process, product value, system requirements, operator needs, engineering expectations, and whether the application is hybrid in nature. PLCs are generally better for discrete and simple batch control, while DCSs are more suitable for complex batch processes and facilities that require flexibility and recipe management where system availability is critical. A hybrid system may be needed if an application requires both fast logic control and regulatory analog loop control.
In this session you will learn:
DCS Introduction
PLC
SCADA
General architecture of DCS
Process or application
Scan time
Input and Output requirement
Redundancy
RTU and LCU
PLC vs DCS
For more information, visit: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/industrial-automation/complete-training-on-industrial-automation-for-beginners/
Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are dedicated systems used to control manufacturing processes that are continuous or batch-oriented, such as oil refining, petrochemicals, central station power generation, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage manufacturing, cement production, steelmaking, and papermaking. DCSs are connected to sensors and actuators and use set point control to control the flow of material through the plant.
The most common example is a set point control loop consisting of a pressure sensor, controller, and control valve. Pressure or flow measurements are transmitted to the controller, usually through the aid of a signal conditioning input/output (I/O) device. When the measured variable reaches a certain point, the controller instructs a valve or actuation device to open or close until the fluidic flow process reaches the desired set point.
Large oil refineries have many thousands of I/O points and employ very large DCSs. Processes are not limited to fluidic flow through pipes, however, and can also include things like paper machines and their associated quality controls (see quality control system QCS), variable speed drives and motor control centers, cement kilns, mining operations, ore processing facilities, and many others.
Innovic India Private Limited provides industrial Training on DCS as well as other automationtechnologies like PLC, SCADA, HMI, VFD and many more.
For Core Engineering jobs and 100% Job Oriented Industrial Training
Feel free to contact us on: +91-9555405045/+91-9811253572
Email: group.innovic2gmail.com
Web: www.innovicindia.com
This presentation is about the Distributed Control system in Power plants. DCS is a computerised control system for a process or plant usually with many control loops, in which autonomous controllers are distributed throughout the system, but there is no central operator supervisory control.
In this session you will learn:
DCS Introduction
PLC
SCADA
General architecture of DCS
Process or application
Scan time
Input and Output requirement
Redundancy
RTU and LCU
PLC vs DCS
For more information, visit: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/industrial-automation/complete-training-on-industrial-automation-for-beginners/
Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are dedicated systems used to control manufacturing processes that are continuous or batch-oriented, such as oil refining, petrochemicals, central station power generation, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage manufacturing, cement production, steelmaking, and papermaking. DCSs are connected to sensors and actuators and use set point control to control the flow of material through the plant.
The most common example is a set point control loop consisting of a pressure sensor, controller, and control valve. Pressure or flow measurements are transmitted to the controller, usually through the aid of a signal conditioning input/output (I/O) device. When the measured variable reaches a certain point, the controller instructs a valve or actuation device to open or close until the fluidic flow process reaches the desired set point.
Large oil refineries have many thousands of I/O points and employ very large DCSs. Processes are not limited to fluidic flow through pipes, however, and can also include things like paper machines and their associated quality controls (see quality control system QCS), variable speed drives and motor control centers, cement kilns, mining operations, ore processing facilities, and many others.
Innovic India Private Limited provides industrial Training on DCS as well as other automationtechnologies like PLC, SCADA, HMI, VFD and many more.
For Core Engineering jobs and 100% Job Oriented Industrial Training
Feel free to contact us on: +91-9555405045/+91-9811253572
Email: group.innovic2gmail.com
Web: www.innovicindia.com
This presentation is about the Distributed Control system in Power plants. DCS is a computerised control system for a process or plant usually with many control loops, in which autonomous controllers are distributed throughout the system, but there is no central operator supervisory control.
This PPT is based upon my training in Yokogawa Chennai.
Reference:
# Yokogawa Hand Book on CS 3000
# http://www.slideshare.net/bvent2005/dcs-presentation
PowerPoint Presentation on Industrial Automation In which we discuss About PLCs, SCADA,HMI,VFD and various tools of Automation which is used in Industries.
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Practical Advanced Process Control for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
In today's environment, the processing, refining and petrochemical business is becoming more and more competitive and every plant manager is looking for the best quality products at minimum operating and investment costs. The traditional PID loop is used frequently for much of the process control requirements of a typical plant. However there are many drawbacks in using these, including excessive dead time which can make the PID loop very difficult (or indeed impossible) to apply.
Advanced Process Control (APC) is thus essential today in the modern plant. Small differences in process parameters can have large effects on profitability; get it right and profits continue to grow; get it wrong and there are major losses. Many applications of APC have pay back times well below one year. APC does require a detailed knowledge of the plant to design a working system and continual follow up along the life of the plant to ensure it is working optimally. Considerable attention also needs to be given to the interface to the operators to ensure that they can apply these new technologies effectively as well.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Automation engineers
Chemical engineers
Chemical plant technologists
Electrical engineers
Instrumentation and control engineers
Process control engineers
Process engineers
Senior technicians
System integrators
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-advanced-process-control-engineers-and-technicians-26
Distributed Control System (DCS) Applications, Selection & TroubleshootingpetroEDGE
Since the first Distributed Control System was installed in the late 1970’s, the concept of DCS has swept alternative control technologies from the field. The substantial growth, in the construction of plants in the traditional heavy process industries, such as power generation, refining, oil and gas, water and petrochemicals, is driving significant growth in the utilization of DCS. The broad architecture of a solution involves either a direct connection to physical equipment, such as switches, pumps and valves or connection via a fieldbus communication system.
Introduction of SCADA, Architecture of SCADA, Software and hardware architecture, Components of a SCADA system, Functions of SCADA, Alarms and events, alarm logging, comparision between scada and DCS
This PPT is based upon my training in Yokogawa Chennai.
Reference:
# Yokogawa Hand Book on CS 3000
# http://www.slideshare.net/bvent2005/dcs-presentation
PowerPoint Presentation on Industrial Automation In which we discuss About PLCs, SCADA,HMI,VFD and various tools of Automation which is used in Industries.
Like Comment & Share
Practical Advanced Process Control for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
In today's environment, the processing, refining and petrochemical business is becoming more and more competitive and every plant manager is looking for the best quality products at minimum operating and investment costs. The traditional PID loop is used frequently for much of the process control requirements of a typical plant. However there are many drawbacks in using these, including excessive dead time which can make the PID loop very difficult (or indeed impossible) to apply.
Advanced Process Control (APC) is thus essential today in the modern plant. Small differences in process parameters can have large effects on profitability; get it right and profits continue to grow; get it wrong and there are major losses. Many applications of APC have pay back times well below one year. APC does require a detailed knowledge of the plant to design a working system and continual follow up along the life of the plant to ensure it is working optimally. Considerable attention also needs to be given to the interface to the operators to ensure that they can apply these new technologies effectively as well.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Automation engineers
Chemical engineers
Chemical plant technologists
Electrical engineers
Instrumentation and control engineers
Process control engineers
Process engineers
Senior technicians
System integrators
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-advanced-process-control-engineers-and-technicians-26
Distributed Control System (DCS) Applications, Selection & TroubleshootingpetroEDGE
Since the first Distributed Control System was installed in the late 1970’s, the concept of DCS has swept alternative control technologies from the field. The substantial growth, in the construction of plants in the traditional heavy process industries, such as power generation, refining, oil and gas, water and petrochemicals, is driving significant growth in the utilization of DCS. The broad architecture of a solution involves either a direct connection to physical equipment, such as switches, pumps and valves or connection via a fieldbus communication system.
Introduction of SCADA, Architecture of SCADA, Software and hardware architecture, Components of a SCADA system, Functions of SCADA, Alarms and events, alarm logging, comparision between scada and DCS
Practical Distributed Control Systems (DCS) for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
This workshop will cover the practical applications of the modern Distributed Control System (DCS). Whilst all control systems are distributed to a certain extent today and there is a definite merging of the concepts of a DCS, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and SCADA and despite the rapid growth in the use of PLC’s and SCADA systems, some of the advantages of a DCS can still be said to be Integrity and Engineering time.
Abnormal Situation Management and Intelligent Alarm Management is a very important DCS issue that provides significant advantages over PLC and SCADA systems.
Few DCSs do justice to the process in terms of controlling for superior performance – most of them merely do the basics and leave the rest to the operators. Operators tend to operate within their comfort zone; they don’t drive the process “like Vettel drives his Renault”. If more than one adverse condition developed at the same time and the system is too basic to act protectively, the operator would probably not be able to react adequately and risk a major deviation.
Not only is the process control functionality normally underdeveloped but on-line process and control system performance evaluation is rarely seen and alarm management is often badly done. Operators consequently have little feedback on their own performance and exceptional adverse conditions are often not handled as well as they should be. This workshop gives suggestions on dealing with these issues.
The losses in process performance due to the inadequately developed control functionality and the operator’s utilisation of the system are invisible in the conventional plant and process performance evaluation and reporting system; that is why it is so hard to make the case for eliminating these losses. Accounting for the invisible losses due to inferior control is not a simple matter, technically and managerially; so it is rarely attempted. A few suggestions are given in dealing with this.
Why are DCS generally so underutilised? Often because the vendor minimises the applications software development costs to be sure of winning the job, or because he does not know enough about the process or if it is a green-field situation, enough could not be known at commissioning time but no allowance was made to add the missing functionality during the ramp-up phase. Often the client does not have the technical skills in-house to realise the desired functionality is missing or to adequately specify the desired functionality.
This workshop examines all these issues and gives suggestions in dealing with them and whilst not being by any means exhaustive provides an excellent starting point for you in working with a DCS.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-distributed-control-systems-dcs-engineers-technicians-2
This Presentation can be used by the Students of Engineering who Deals with the Subject ELECTRICAL MACHINES and use it for Refrence (Anyways you Guys will Copy Paste or Download it) ;)
Tamil Nadu, Agricultural Engineering Department, Agricultural Machinery Training Centre, Tiruchirapalli,Training on Newly Developed Agricultural Machinery & Equipments,(Past & Present) - An 'U' Turn Look by Coomarasamy. C, Formerly EE, AED
In this session you will learn:
DCS Introduction
PLC
SCADA
General architecture of DCS
Process or application
Scan time
Input and Output requirement
Redundancy
RTU and LCU
PLC vs DCS
Hi friends
This PPT consist of automation information ,what is PLC,need of PLC applications,components of PLC ,PLC operations,Timers , Some Program, etc
instead of this it consists SCADA ,what is SCADA,need of SCADA,brands of SCADA, tags ,features of SCADA, Dynamic process graphic , script security etc.......
PLC PROGRAMMING
A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices. Almost any production line, machine function, or process can be greatly enhanced using this type of control system. However, the biggest benefit in using a PLC is the ability to change and replicate the operation or process while collecting and communicating vital information.
&
SCADA IN INDUSTRY APPLICATION
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION, a computer system for gathering and analyzing real time data. SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and transportation. A SCADA system gathers information, such as where a leak on a pipeline has occurred, transfers the information back to a central site, alerting the home station that the leak has occurred, carrying out necessary analysis and control, such as determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the information in a logical and organized fashion. SCADA systems were first used in the 1960s.
Sofcon NSDC approved plc training in Noida and plc scada training in delhi. We are one of the leading industrial automation training provider all over india and 100% placement assistance. Sofcon training institute providing plc, scada, embedded, vlsi, ibms and autocad training provider.
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have been an integral part of factory automation and industrial process control for decades. PLCs control a wide array of applications from simple lighting functions to environmental systems to chemical processing plants. These systems perform many functions, providing a variety of analog and digital input and output interfaces; signal processing; data conversion; and various communication protocols. All of the PLC's components and functions are centered around the controller, which is programmed for a specific task.
The basic PLC module must be sufficiently flexible and configurable to meet the diverse needs of different factories and applications. Input stimuli (either analog or digital) are received from machines, sensors, or process events in the form of voltage or current. The PLC must accurately interpret and convert the stimulus for the CPU which, in turn, defines a set of instructions to the output systems that control actuators on the factory floor or in another industrial environment
Pendant control System has been designed as followed:
1. Functional Design Specification is made explaining in detail the process.
2. Work Progress report is made with the Bill of material specification.
3. Ladder Logic of the Process is also shown.
4. I/O mapping is done as well.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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2. Selecting the technology and the right supplier can
help your company :
• To respond quickly to changing market conditions in
a way that creates a sustainable competitive
advantages.
• Minimize Total cost of ownership over the life of plant
• Create a system which is easily maintainable /
upgradeable for the long term.
• Achieve its future goals & vision.
• Selecting an automation system based on a review
of available products is the typical course of action
for someone in the market for a new automation
system.
3. The hybrid application typically requires a process
Control system that can deliver both PLC & DCS
Capabilities.
A successful evaluation should start by developing a
Clear picture of the requirements of your application
& the needs of your engineering, maintenance and
Operations personnel.
This presentation outlines the seven key questions
that will lead you to make the right choice.
5. • In DCS Architecture diagram, redundancy is often
Employed for I/O Controller, Networks, HMI servers.
• Since redundancy adds cost & sometimes complexity
DCS users must carefully evaluate their need for
redundancy in order to achieve their required system
availability and to prevent unplanned downtime.
• DCS is typically better suited for complex batch
manufacturing facilities that require a high level of
flexibility and recipe management.
• Plant operator can’t see the product which is within
the vessel and may be hazardous in nature. There
is usually a large amount of simple as well as complex
analog control i.e. PID or loop control, although the
response time is not exceptionally fast (100 ms or < )
7. • PLC Architecture diagram illustrate one of its most
common applications, the control of discrete devices
such as motor & drives.
• To effectively control motors and drives requires that
the controller be able to execute at high speeds
(10-20 msec scan rate) and that the electrical
technician responsible for maintaining it be able to
read and troubleshoot the configuration in a language
that he is familiar with (relay ladder logic).
• From a technology point of view, one can see that
PLC & DCS are not that different. We must look
beyond technology that is built into these system by the
supplier, so that we can better understand the “sweet-
spots” where each is best applied.
8. At first glance, system architectures look very similar.
Both system share following Components :
• Field Devices
• I / O Modules
• Controllers
• Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs)
• Engineering
• Supervisory Control
• System Integration
The differences become more apparent when you
consider the nature & requirement of an application.
10. Q. 1 – What are you manufacturing & how?
• No. of Products manufactured : Single / Multiple
• Recipe parameter : Constant or Variable
• Procedure : Single or Different
• Equipment Utilization : Fixed or Flexible
• Frequency of changes to formula & Recipe :
Never or Often
11. PLC DCS
Manufacturing or assembly of Involves the combination & / or
specific items Transformation of raw material
Product is visible & it moves Impossible to visually see Product
through the process as it moves thought the process
High speed logic control Regulatory / Analog loop control
Simple Batch Control Complex Batch Control
12. Q. 2 – What is the value of the product being
manufactured and the cost of downtime?
• If the value of each independent product being
manufactured is low, & / or downtime results in
lost of production, but with additional cost or
damage to the process, the PLC is likely choice.
• If the value of the batch is high, either in raw
material cost or market value, & the downtime
not only results is lost production but potentially
dangerous and damaging conditions, the
selection should be DCS.
13. PLC DCS
Value of individual component being The value of batch can be very
Manufactured is relatively low High.
Downtime mainly results in lost Downtime not only results in lost
Of production Production but can result dangerous
Or hazardous conditions.
Downtime does not typically Downtime can result in process
Damage the process equipment Equipment damage.
Return to steady state production Return to steady state production
after an outage is short & relatively after an unplanned outage ca be
straightforward long, expensive & difficult.
14. Q. 3 – What do you view as the “heart” of the
system?
• PLC is the heart of the factory Automation
control system, which contains all of the logic
To move the product through the assembly line.
HMI is often an on machine panel or a PC
based station.
• Operational information resulting from data
analysis is also a requirement for factory
automation applications – driving demand for a
more sophisticated HMI
15. • The environment is process automation can be
volatile & dangerous.
• In this scenario, the HMI is a central control
room console that provides the only complete
“window” into the process, enabling operator
to monitor & control the process which are
occurring inside pipes & vessels located through
out the plant.
PLC DCS
Typically, heart of the system is the Typically, hear t of the system is
Controller. The HMI
16. Q. 4 – What does the operator need to be
successful ?
• In PLC environment, status information &
exception alarming help to keep the operator
aware of what is happening in the process.
• The DCS plant require an operator to make
decision and continuously interact with the
process to keep it running.
• In fact, operators process knowledge is often
critical to operational excellence & keeping the
process running optimally
17. • Operators has to keep an eye during product grade
changes & when adjusting the process changes to
overall production environment.
• The operator will change the set-points, open/ close
valves or to make manual addition to move a batch to
the next stage of production.
• Within the HMI, faceplates & analog trends provide a
critical view into what is really happening in the
production process, while alarm management system
focuses operators attention on areas where he must
intervene to keep the process running within its target
performance.
• In the event of HMI failure, the plant could be forced to
shutdown in order to keep the people & equipment
safe.
18. PLC DCS
The operator primary role is Operator interaction is required to
to handle exceptions Keep the process in its target
Performance range
Status information (ON/OFF, RUN/ Faceplates & analog trends are
STOP) is critical information for the Critical to see what is happening to
operator The process.
Exception based alarming is key Alarm management is key to safe
Information for the operator Operation of the process
Manufacturing might be able to run Failure of the HMI could force the
“light-outs” shutdown of the process
19. Q. 5 – What system performance is required ?
• The speed of logic execution is a key differentiator.
• Fast scan rates are necessary to be able to
effectively control the operations involving
motion control, high-speed interlocking, control
of motors and drives.
• The DCS does not have to be that quick.
• Increasingly, PLC is capable of delivering simple to
complex PID control, but DCS is the choice for
applications with advanced analog control, cascade,
Feed forward, ratio, model predictive control etc…
20. PLC DCS
Fast logic scan rate(10ms) is Control Loops require deterministic
required to perform motion control Scan execution at speed 100-500ms
Redundancy may not be cost System redundancy is often
justified required
System can be taken offline to Online configuration changes often
Make configuration changes required
Analog Control – Simple PID ONLY Analog Control – Simple to Advanced
PID upto Advanced Process Control
Diagnostic to tell you when something Asset Management alerts you to what
Is broken Might break before it does
21. Q. 6 – What degree of customization is required ?
• PLC delivers a “toolkit” of functions & elemental
building blocks that can be custom developed and
chained together to address the requirements of an
application.
• Powerful Programming languages are typically available
to facilitate the creation of custom code from scratch.
• DCS Pre-engineered solutions consists of standards,
templates & extensive libraries.
• The highest priority of DCS is to deliver reliability &
availability, which often results in a design which trades
unlimited functionality for repeatability and
dependability.
22. PLC DCS
High Level Programming Languages Custom Logic created from
Are available for creating custom existing function blocks
logic
Customized routines usually Many algorithms are complex (PID)
required & do not vary among applications
Standard libraries considered Function Blocks and faceplates
As nice features Are expected
Provisions must be available to Entire system is expected to
Integrate functions / products into an Function as a complete solution
Integrated architecture
23. Q. 7 – What are your engineering expectations ?
• Factory automation engineers want customizable
control platform, which offer the individual components
that can be quickly programmed together to accomplish
the task at hand.
• PLC engineer demands flexibility & open
architecture.
• DCS engineers focus on upfront design is a key to
minimizing costs, compressing the project schedule &
creating an application that can be maintained by plant
personnel over the long term.
24. • The process engineers controlling entire plants
with a DCS require more intuitive programming
platforms, which utilize pre-defined & pre-tested
functions to save time & drive repeatability.
• Think about in this way –
The PLC is controlling a machine.
The DCS is controlling the plant.
25. PLC DCS
Program / configure individual Upfront design of complete system
Components, integrate later Before implementation begins.
Desire customizable platforms to Looking for significant “out-of-box”
build upon Functionality
System designed to be flexible System designed to make it “easy”
To engineer to process application
Use of Ladder logic to configure Use of FBD for configuration of
applications applications
26. Do you have a Hybrid Application?
What is a “ Hybrid ”?
• The marriage of the discrete functions, which PLC
handles so simply and economically, with the
sophisticated analog continuous control capabilities
of the DCS.
• Defined based on the industries in which system
works & serves like oil & gas, refinery, pharmaceutical
food & beverages
• The architectural marriage of the PLC simplicity and
cost with the sophisticated operator displays, alarm
management & easy configuration capabilities of DCS.
27. How to select a Process Control System for
Hybrid Application ?
• Controller : can execute fast scan logic (10-20 msce), such that
required for motor control and slow scan logic (100-500 msec)
such as required for analog control.
• Engineering Configuration Language: Provides ladder logic,
Functional Block Diagram and a powerful programming language
for creation of custom logic from scratch.
• Flexible Modular Redundancy: Offers the option of tailoring the
level of system redundancy to deliver the required system
availability by balancing up-front cost versus the cost of
unplanned downtime.
• Modular batch from simple to complex – Provides modular
batch capability to cost effective address of simple to complex
batch application.
28. How to select a Process Control System for
Hybrid Application ?
• Alarm Management : Offers power alarm management tools to
help operators respond effectively to plant upset conditions
• System Diagnostics & Asset Management: Provides both a
rich set of built in system diagnostics, as well as asset
management of all critical assets (transmitters, valve Positioner,
motors, drives, MCC’s, heat exchanger etc.) in the plant
• Scalable Platform: Hardware, software & licensing supports
smooth & economical scale up from small all-in-one system
(10’s of I/O’s) up to a large client / server system (1000’s of I/O’s)
29. In Nut-shell
Characteristics PLC DCS
Market Introduction 1960 1975
Replacement of Electromagnetic Replays Pneumatic & SLC
Application Automotive Refinery
Type of Control Discrete Regulatory
Engineering Mindset Programming Configuration
Size Compact Large
System Open Closed
Operator Interface Simple Graphics Sophisticated Graphics
Upfront Cost $$ $$$$
Operation interaction Exception Basis Man in the Loop
30. References :
[1] Bob Nelson, “Making the Right Choice for
Process Industry”, Control Engineering Asia,
October-2008.
[2] “Process Automation”, SIEMENS Energy &
Automation.
[3] “Hybrid Control Identity Crisis: What's in a
Name?”, In-Tech Sept. 2007.
[4] Rich Merritt, “Does DCS have A Future?
If so, is it HMI/SCADA”, Control- Dec. 2008.