The document discusses population structure and its representation through population pyramids. It defines key terms like CBR, CDR, and life expectancy. Countries are expected to be at different stages of the demographic transition model based on their CBR and CDR. Population pyramids show the ratio of age groups in a population and how this structure impacts a population's needs. Interpreting pyramids involves placing descriptive sentences on sample pyramids from France and Kenya. Calculating a country's dependency ratio involves dividing the number of non-working young and elderly by the working-age population. Homework involves calculating dependency ratios for several countries.