Population Structure
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The document discusses population structure and how it can be analyzed using population pyramids. It explains that population structure looks at a country's population grouped by age and sex. Interpreting population pyramids involves looking at recent birth rates at the base, life expectancy at the top, and any prominent age groups in the middle. A country's dependency ratio is also linked to its population structure and economic activity. The document then analyzes how the UK's population structure has changed over time from 1841-1981, with fewer children and an aging population. Lastly, it compares population pyramids between more and less economically developed countries.
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This document discusses demographic concepts related to population size, growth, and transition. It defines demography and demographic transition, outlining the 5 stages of transition from high birth and death rates to lower rates as a country develops. Stage 1 involves very high birth and death rates and a stable population. Stage 2 sees falling death rates and slow population growth. Stage 3 has rapidly falling birth rates and growing populations. Stage 4 stabilizes population growth. Stage 5 has slightly falling birth rates and stable death rates with potential population decline. Factors like population size, composition, and growth rates vary and impact development.
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The document discusses population pyramids, which graphically represent the age and sex distribution of a population. It describes the structure of population pyramids, including how they show population size on the x-axis and age groups on the y-axis divided by gender. It also explains how to interpret population pyramids and the different types (stationary, expansive, constrictive). The document then discusses the importance of population pyramids for understanding demographic trends and policymaking. It provides examples of population pyramids in Ethiopia from 1999 and 2024, noting Ethiopia's youthful population and declining fertility rates leading to future aging.
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Population size is the actual number of individuals in a population. Population density is a measurement of the number of people in an area. It is an average number. Population density is calculated by dividing the number of people by area. Population density is usually shown as the number of people per square kilometer. Population distribution means the pattern of where people live. World population distribution is uneven. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people. Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live. These are usually places with hostile environments e.g. Antarctica. Places which are densely populated are habitable environments e.g. Europe
Population structure
The document discusses various population structures and trends, including sex ratios, age distributions, median ages, and population pyramids. It notes that while many less developed regions still have relatively young populations, more developed regions are aging rapidly as fertility declines and lifespans increase. Several challenges of an aging population are mentioned, such as increasing old-age dependency ratios, strain on pension and healthcare systems, and needing to adapt community infrastructure for the needs of older residents.
My Own Demography 3 Population Pyramid.pptx
A population pyramid graphically displays a population's age and sex composition using horizontal bars to present numbers or proportions of males and females in each age group. The pyramid shape can indicate factors like birth rates, population growth or decline, health, and development levels. General structures include triangles for growing populations, hexagons for stable populations, and cups for declining populations. A pyramid provides information on metrics like median age, sex ratios, dependency ratios, and expected changes based on current age distributions.
AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION - MIGRATION - 5.1 MIGRATION AS POPULATION CHANGE
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CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: POPULATION - 4.1 NATURAL INCREASE
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Migration 2
The UK is attractive to migrants internationally for several reasons: it has strong historical Commonwealth and empire links to countries like India and Pakistan; it shares a common language with other English-speaking countries; it is an education hub with top universities; London is a global city; and as a stable member of the EU and MEDC, it provides economic opportunities. However, migration also presents challenges as evident in the influx of Polish migrants - while there are economic benefits to the UK, problems can arise from intervening obstacles and potential "trickle back" returns of some migrants to their home countries.
Migration 1
This document discusses how migration is changing the face of the European Union. It outlines understanding key migrations into and within the EU at a global scale. It also evaluates the economic, social, political and environmental impacts of migration and the reactions they create. The document describes types of migrations and migration theory, including push factors, intervening obstacles, and pull factors. It asks the reader to produce a timeline showing key migration groups to the UK, their source countries and destinations, and reasons for migration.
Uk Population Change
Life expectancy varies significantly across different parts of the UK, ranging from 80.8 years in Kensington and East Dorest to 69.3 years in Glasgow City. Areas with the highest life expectancies tend to be affluent parts of southern England, while parts of Scotland and northern England have the lowest life expectancies. Factors like income levels, access to healthcare, and general health and lifestyle habits may help explain the differences in life expectancy shown across UK regions.
Switched On And Off
The document discusses factors that contribute to the economic development of a location, including natural resources like oil, coastal access for trade, infrastructure, strategic geographic position, large workforce, skilled labor, and common languages. It also explains the multiplier effect where an initial investment stimulates further economic activity through business partnerships and increased spending and tax revenue. Cumulative causation is described as wealth concentrating in places over time due to globalization allowing access to global markets and skills.
One World Airline Destinations
This document is a map showing flight routes between destinations in the oneworld airline alliance. It displays routes connecting cities across Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America, and the Pacific region. Flight times are shown between destinations on the map with lines indicating scheduled routes and times.
Global Networks
This document discusses the history and development of global networks from ancient times to modern day. It outlines key milestones like the first sailing ships in 200AD, canals and stagecoaches in the 1500-1700s, the first steam ship crossing the Atlantic in 1819, the transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866, early radio and television experiments in the 1890s and 1920s, and the introduction of commercial air travel, cars, and mobile phones in the early-to-mid 20th century. These developments in transport, telecommunications, and technology have helped connect the world and build modern global networks.
To What Extent Are Population Policies Successful
To what extent are population policies successful? This document discusses population policies and their success in influencing birth rates. It outlines anti-natalist policies that aim to decrease birth rates through family planning, contraception, sex education, and abortion. Pro-natalist policies aim to increase birth rates using incentives like cash bonuses and tax breaks for larger families. The success of these policies depends on government commitment, public involvement, and whether they have achieved their goal of changing birth rates. Singapore is used as an example of a country that implemented policies and saw its birth rate decline, potentially endangering its future workforce and aging population.
Lesson 2 Theories For The Relationship Between Population And Resources
There are differing theories on the relationship between population growth and resources. Thomas Malthus predicted a population catastrophe as population grows geometrically while food supply only increases arithmetically. Neo-Malthusians like the Club of Rome warned of limits to growth if trends continued unchanged. However, Ester Boserup argued that humans can innovate to increase food supply in response to population pressure through technologies like irrigation and better farming techniques.
Lesson 2 What Is Globalisation And How Is It Changing Peoples Lives
Globalization is changing population dynamics around the world. It accelerates demographic transition as countries develop economically and socially. There are five stages of demographic transition: early on, birth and death rates are both high; eventually, death rates fall due to improved health conditions while birth rates remain high, causing population growth. Later, as countries develop further, birth rates also fall as women's roles change and family planning increases. Some countries now have low or even negative population growth as birth rates drop below death rates. Globalization also influences migration patterns, concentrating new industries in some areas and reducing jobs in others, pushing and pulling people between places. Factors like cost, policy, and information availability can intervene to obstruct migration.
Lesson 1 What Is Globalisation And How Is It Changing Peoples Lives
Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness between places due to factors like improved transportation and communication technologies that have accelerated the movement of people, goods, capital, and ideas globally. This document discusses understanding the meaning and process of globalization, outlining factors driving it like postwar economic growth, and examining related global trends such as international migration patterns and their link to increasing interconnectedness worldwide.
Lesson 2 Theories For The Relationship Between Population And Resources
There are differing theories on the relationship between population growth and resources. Thomas Malthus predicted a population catastrophe as population grows geometrically while food supply only increases arithmetically. Neo-Malthusians like the Club of Rome warned of limits to growth in the 1970s. However, Ester Boserup argued that population growth triggers innovation that allows food supply to increase through technologies like irrigation and better farming techniques.
World population trends
The document discusses patterns in world population growth, comparing trends in more economically developed world (MEDW) and less economically developed world (LEDW) populations. MEDW populations are growing more slowly with fertility rates below replacement level, while LEDW continue to grow at 1.8% annually, though rates are declining as countries develop. The concepts of overpopulation, underpopulation, and optimum population are introduced based on relationships between population size, resources, technology, and living standards.
Suburbanisation Pres
Suburbanisation is the movement of people from central urban areas to surrounding residential areas, enabled by improvements in transportation infrastructure. This has caused changes in land use patterns, with new housing developments, local shopping centers, schools, parks, and golf courses being built. A case study of St. Ives, Cambridgeshire shows how increased affordable housing and a growing retired population has led to rising home prices and more commuters traveling long distances by train into London daily.
Uk Population Change
The population has increased since the 1800s due to the birth rate exceeding the death rate. The birth rate rose as contraception became more available but is now falling as people prioritize careers over starting families. The death rate is very low because of advances in medicine, sanitation, and healthcare for the elderly. Economic, social, and political factors like the cost of living, people marrying later in life, and postwar baby booms have also impacted population changes. Migration within and to the UK affects the age distribution and concentration of populations in urban areas.
The Dtm
The document discusses the demographic transition model (DTM) and how it relates to population structures in less economically developed countries (LEDCs) and more economically developed countries (MEDCs). The DTM describes changes in birth and death rates over time and shows countries pass through 5 stages of population change. The DTM can be used to identify what stage a country is in based on its population pyramid. While most MEDCs have passed through all stages, taking around 200 years, many LEDCs are still in stages 2 or 3 of rapid population growth, moving through the stages more quickly due to policies and medical aid.
Industrial Change In The Uk
De-industrialization is the decline in importance of manufacturing industries and reduction in their percentage of the total workforce. Traditional heavy industries like shipbuilding, steel, and textiles in the UK have suffered, with shipbuilding declining in areas like South Wales and northeast England for many years. The closure of the steel industry in Consett, County Durham in 1980 due to economic reasons resulted in 4,000 job losses and 30% male unemployment. New manufacturing industries have developed in electronics and computing in the UK, attracted by a qualified labor force, university research, good communications, government incentives, and a pleasant work environment. Cambridge Science Park is the largest science park in the UK, home to over 700 hi-tech companies employing over 20
Population And Settlement
The document summarizes key topics related to settlements, population, and migration. It discusses factors that influence the location and size of settlements and how changes in settlements can affect quality of life. It also outlines factors that influence population distribution and growth rates. Additionally, it lists advantages and disadvantages of migration for both destination countries and countries of origin, such as impacts on labor markets, integration, money sent back to families, loss of skilled workers, and changes to demographic structures.
The Use Of Greenfield And Brownfield Sites
There is pressure to build new homes in England to accommodate population and household growth. Building on brownfield sites in cities has advantages like revitalizing decaying areas and reducing urban sprawl, but issues include potential land contamination cleanup costs and increased housing prices driving out local residents. Greenfield development has disadvantages such as high upfront infrastructure costs and environmental impacts from converting rural land, but can provide more lower density housing. Local governments must decide between brownfield and greenfield options while balancing various community and environmental factors.
Re Urbanisation Manchester
Re-urbanisation is the movement of high-income groups back into central urban areas in more economically developed countries. In Manchester, areas like Salford Quays and Castlefields that were previously industrial sites have been redeveloped with new residential, commercial, and leisure spaces to attract residents and tourists back to the inner city, helped by improved public transportation like trams that reduce congestion.
Urbanisation
The document discusses reurbanization, the process of redevelopment in existing cities and suburbs rather than on the outskirts. Higher income individuals are moving back into inner cities, driven by changes making urban areas more attractive like new buildings, crime reduction, and proximity to jobs. As an example, Bristol, UK redeveloped its former docklands after industries declined, addressing problems of dereliction and unemployment. Gentrification, where wealthier residents renovate and increase property values in low-cost neighborhoods, displacing prior residents, is connected to reurbanization as higher incomes move back into cities.
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Lesson 2 Theories For The Relationship Between Population And Resources
Lesson 2 Theories For The Relationship Between Population And Resources
Lesson 2 What Is Globalisation And How Is It Changing Peoples Lives
Lesson 2 What Is Globalisation And How Is It Changing Peoples Lives
Lesson 1 What Is Globalisation And How Is It Changing Peoples Lives
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Population Structure
- 4. Interpreting Pop Pyramids Start at the base – what has happened recently? Next go to the top – how long do people live for? Then look at the middle – are there any age groups that stand out? Long / short bars?
- 7. How has the population structure of the UK changed over time?
- 8. How has the population structure of the UK changed over time?
- 9. How has the population structure of the UK changed over time? Male Female Population in millions
- 10. How has the population structure of the UK changed over time?
- 13. LEDW This country has a high BR – the pyramid has a wide base But it also has a high DR – shown by the steeply sloping pyramid
- 14. Falling BR In some LEDCs, the Government is encouraging families to have fewer children so the BR is falling – the base is becoming narrower.
- 15. MEDW Low DR – pyramid is wider at the top The largest group of people was born around 40 years ago – ‘baby boomers’. There are roughly the same amount of people in each age category – BR is stable. Male Female Population in millions
- 16. Declining population BR is falling – the number of people in each category is getting smaller In the future the elderly population will make up the largest section of the population – an ageing population
- 17. MEDW vs LEDW Male Female Population in millions