Evaluate the geographic impact of HIV/AIDS at the local, national and international scales in South Africa
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HIV/AIDS has had significant geographic impacts across local, national, and international scales in South Africa. At the local level, the disease has disproportionately affected the poor and black populations due to factors like poverty, lack of education, and sexual violence. Nationally, South Africa has seen its life expectancy drop dramatically and around 10% of its population is HIV positive, putting strain on healthcare resources. Internationally, HIV/AIDS has reduced life expectancy in many African countries and is now the fourth leading cause of death globally, with an estimated 36 million people infected worldwide mostly in developing areas.
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South Africa's HIV/AIDS Management Strategies
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Malaria - Impacts on health, lifestyle and economic development
Malaria - distribution, transmission, impacts on health, lifestyle and economic development. Case study Malawi.
2007:The Economic Impact of HIV-AIDS
The document summarizes an economic impact assessment of HIV/AIDS in Botswana. It reviews a previous 2000 macroeconomic model of HIV/AIDS impacts and proposes updates to the model. It discusses different macroeconomic modeling approaches and chooses to update the previous aggregate growth model. The key findings section shows simulated GDP growth and GDP per capita are significantly lower under HIV/AIDS scenarios compared to a no-AIDS counterfactual, demonstrating sizable negative economic impacts of the epidemic.
All you need to know about risk factors
This document provides information on occupational risk factors. It begins with definitions of hazard, which is anything that can cause harm, and risk, which considers the probability and severity of harm from a hazard. It then discusses different categories of risk factors including physical risks from mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical, and biological sources. Specific mechanical risks discussed include cuts, shearing, stabbing, penetrating trauma, noise, and vibrations. Electrical risks include shock, burns, and arc flash hazards. Thermal risks include heat and cold stress. The document aims to identify major occupational risk factors and their characteristics.
Hiv causes
HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated needles, blood transfusions, and childbirth. In Southern Africa, economic factors like poverty and lack of education, sociocultural factors like polygamy and harmful myths, and demographic factors like population growth and polygamy have contributed to the spread of HIV. Past political failures to address HIV in South Africa also exacerbated the epidemic, though current leaders are pursuing prevention and affordable treatment options. Overall, Africa has suffered greatly from HIV due to economic difficulties following colonization that have led to widespread poverty and lack of education.
Hiv&aids in kenya
Kenya has one of the worst HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world, with an estimated 1.5 million people living with HIV. While HIV prevalence peaked in 2000 at around 6.3%, access to treatment has increased, with over half a million adults now receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, access remains low for children, with only 20% of the estimated 170,000 children eligible for treatment receiving it. The Kenyan government aims to further increase access to treatment and reduce new infections through its National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan.
HIV AIDS - Risk factor, Clinical feature & Complication
HIV can be transmitted sexually, through blood or blood products, or from mother to child. It progresses through acute infection, asymptomatic latency, and AIDS if untreated. Complications include opportunistic infections like tuberculosis, cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma, neurological issues, and wasting syndrome due to immune system damage. Common infections are candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Cancers include Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphomas. Other complications are wasting syndrome, neurological symptoms, and kidney disease like HIVAN.
IB Geography - Food and Health Concept Squares
The document discusses the relationships between food, health, and related topics. It presents them as concept squares that show connections between food, balanced diets, disease prevention and treatment, lifestyle, income, trends in food and health since 1950, policymakers, food security, malnutrition, calorie intake, famine, availability of food, changes in agriculture, scientific innovation, the green revolution, the environment, social and economic factors, production and trade of food, subsidies, transnational corporations, food shortages, types of trade, sustainability, and energy efficiency.
Youth and hiv
This document summarizes a presentation given to youth leaders on HIV risks and vulnerabilities. It discusses definitions of key terms, facts about HIV and AIDS, how HIV is transmitted, risks faced by out-of-school youth, impacts of HIV/AIDS, epidemiology of HIV in the Philippines, and examples of interventions youth can support like peer education and promoting condom use. The overall goal is to inform youth leaders so they can help prevent the spread of HIV in their communities.
Seminar presentation on HIV at Joseph Ayo Babalola Uni
This document summarizes a seminar report on HIV/AIDS presented by Ekundayo Samuel Adebowale. It outlines the structure and transmission of HIV, symptoms and diagnosis of AIDS, and treatment options. HIV is a retrovirus that infects and kills CD4 cells of the immune system, causing AIDS. Symptoms of AIDS include opportunistic infections due to a weakened immune system. Treatment involves antiretroviral drugs to suppress HIV and prevent opportunistic infections.
Project Paper on Malaria
The document summarizes information about malaria, including:
- Malaria is caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites and causes symptoms like fever and headache. It disproportionately impacts sub-Saharan Africa.
- The parasite's lifecycle involves stages in the liver and blood cells. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears under a microscope. Complications can include cerebral malaria, organ failure, and low blood sugar.
- Bangladesh reports around 50,000 confirmed malaria cases annually, mostly Plasmodium falciparum. Distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets and antimalarial drugs has reduced cases and deaths in recent years.
Hiv causes and effects
The document discusses the causes and effects of HIV. The main causes of HIV transmission are through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to fetus during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Some effects of HIV include skin conditions like chicken pox or shingles that can affect organs and be life-threatening, as well as AIDS-related dementia which decreases cognitive ability and processing due to neurological impacts even though HIV does not directly infect nerve cells.
Malaria Case Study
Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasites and transmitted via mosquito bites. Symptoms include fever, vomiting and organ failure in severe cases. It is diagnosed through blood tests detecting parasites or antigens. Treatment involves antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, primaquine, and artemisinin. Prevention focuses on mosquito control with nets and repellents. The case study describes a 26 year old male patient admitted with malaria symptoms diagnosed as P. vivax malaria through blood tests. He was treated with IV fluids, doxycycline, lariago and discharged with medication and follow up advice.
Malaria
The document provides an overview of malaria epidemiology, prevention, and control efforts in India. It discusses that malaria affects millions of people annually in India, transmitted primarily by Anopheles mosquitoes. Key prevention strategies mentioned include vector control through indoor residual spraying and larviciding, and prompt diagnosis and treatment of cases. Major control programs launched over time aimed to reduce malaria incidence and mortality, through activities like active case detection, radical treatment, and insecticide spraying. National strategies have evolved from eradication to control efforts as challenges emerged.
Hiv aids in india
This document summarizes the status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in India. Some key points:
- India has an estimated 2.4 million people living with HIV, with prevalence highest in the southern and northeastern states.
- The epidemic is concentrated among high-risk groups like sex workers, clients of sex workers, men who have sex with men, and injection drug users.
- Unsafe sex, lack of condom use, and injection drug use fuel transmission. Migration and the low status of women also increase vulnerability.
- The national response involves targeted interventions for high-risk groups, care/treatment, and prevention education through NACP programs.
Penyuluhan HIV/AIDS
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang HIV/AIDS, gejala, pencegahan, dan penanganannya. Virus HIV dapat menular melalui cairan tubuh tertentu seperti darah, sperma, cairan vagina, dan ASI. Kelompok berisiko tinggi adalah mereka yang melakukan hubungan seks tidak aman dan pengguna narkoba melalui jarum suntik. Pencegahannya adalah dengan abstinensi, kondom, serta menghindari narkoba.
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Malaria - Impacts on health, lifestyle and economic development
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HIV AIDS - Risk factor, Clinical feature & Complication
HIV AIDS - Risk factor, Clinical feature & Complication
Seminar presentation on HIV at Joseph Ayo Babalola Uni
Seminar presentation on HIV at Joseph Ayo Babalola Uni
Similar to Evaluate the geographic impact of HIV/AIDS at the local, national and international scales in South Africa
WORLD AIDS DAY
WORLD AIDS DAY IS CELEBRATED ALL OVER THE WORLD .
IT'S CELEBRATED IN DECEMBER 1st EVERY YEAR .IT IS CELEBRATED BECAUSE TO MAKE SOME AWARNESS ABOUT "AIDS".
Seminar on hiv
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on HIV/AIDS. It provides background on HIV/AIDS, including how it attacks the immune system. It discusses the global and national epidemiology of HIV/AIDS, highlighting trends in prevalence. It presents the epidemiological triad of HIV/AIDS, including the agent (HIV virus), reservoir of infection (humans), and factors influencing transmission. It states the objectives of the seminar were to explore the epidemiology, review milestones and current policies/strategies in Nepal, and discuss prevention and control methods.
seminaronhiv-180201064407.pdf
The document outlines a seminar presentation on HIV/AIDS given by Group B. It includes an introduction, background on HIV/AIDS, the epidemiological triad, risk factors, the current situation in Nepal, objectives, methodology, findings, and recommendations for prevention and control. The group discussed the stages of HIV infection, transmission methods, symptoms, complications, and strategies like education, condom promotion, and treatment.
СПИД Unaids gap_report_en
По оценкам программы Организации Объединенных Наций по ВИЧ/СПИД UNAIDS, по количеству инфицированных и по методам борьбы с болезнью Россия занимает место в одном ряду с Центральноафриканской Республикой, Демократической Республикой Конго, Индонезией, Нигерией и Южным Суданом. В этих странах не только постоянно увеличивается и без того большое число инфицированных, но они также испытывают недостаток в антиретровирусных препаратах.
Post 2015 agenda & aids coordination
This document summarizes the AIDS epidemic in Eastern and Southern Africa and progress towards meeting international targets on HIV/AIDS. Some key points:
1) There are 34 million people living with HIV globally in 2011, with 1.2 million new infections in Eastern and Southern Africa. Several countries have reduced new infections by over 50% since 2001.
2) Coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission services was 72% in 2011 in the region. 5.2 million people were receiving antiretroviral treatment out of 8.1 million estimated to be eligible.
3) Reducing sexual transmission by 50% and reaching 15 million people on HIV treatment by 2015 are among key global targets, but
01westernpacificupdatesonncds 151203040219-lva1-app6892
This document discusses global updates on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease. It notes that NCDs account for over 80% of deaths in the Western Pacific region. The main risk factors for NCDs, such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity, are increasingly behavioral and promoted by unsupportive environments. Initiatives discussed include implementing sin taxes on tobacco and alcohol in the Philippines, using mHealth to combat NCDs, developing an urban health framework for the Western Pacific, and promoting healthier families. The document advocates addressing NCDs through a continuum of prevention and management strategies.
Millennium development goal 6
Millennium Development Goal 6 aims to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. Progress has been made in combating HIV/AIDS, with the number of new infections declining and access to antiretroviral therapy increasing. However, more needs to be done as many people still lack access to treatment. Polio has also been combated successfully and is now epidemic in only four countries, though neglected tropical diseases still affect over 1 billion people annually.
Western Pacific Updates on Noncommunicable Diseases
Western Pacific Updates on Noncommunicable Diseases - a presentation delivered by Dr Albert Francis Domingo (Consultant, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific) at the Philippines' DOH NCRO Operational Planning Workshop for Local Strategic Plans on Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control Programs, 2-4 December 2015. (Adapted from an earlier presentation by Dr Susan Mercado, Director, DNH/WPRO.)
Overview of HIVAIDS in Ethiopia.ppt
HIV/AIDS has had a significant impact in Ethiopia, with an estimated 1.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS. The epidemic is largely driven by socio-cultural factors and lack of knowledge. Ethiopia has implemented a national response including developing policies, guidelines and strategic plans to coordinate prevention, care, and treatment efforts across multiple sectors. Major achievements include expanding access to antiretroviral therapy and other HIV services. However, challenges remain in fully addressing the epidemic.
The West Africa-America Chamber of Commerce & Industries presents: Sub sahara...
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Alan whitside - HEARD
Title - What is going on HIV and AIDS in 2013 and beyond
Presented at the HIV Capacity Summit. view program here - http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/index.php?sid=12
18-Epidemiology of HIV_AIDS.ppt
1) The document discusses the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS globally and in the Eastern Mediterranean region. It describes current estimates of HIV infection, how people become infected, and characteristics of the pandemic in the EMR.
2) Prevention recommendations for the EMR include fostering religion, health education, and dealing with HIV/AIDS as a social and health issue rather than just a moral one. Harm reduction programs and increasing HIV testing are emphasized.
3) Barriers to prevention in the MENA region include cultural, social, political and legal factors that discourage discussions of sexuality and criminalize risk groups. Reducing stigma and discrimination is important for effective prevention.
Invisible Hope: HIV/AIDS and Women
Ellington, Katherine. ‘Invisible Hope: HIV/AIDS and Women’ in ed. Grace Bantebya-Kyomuhendo. Women’s Health: African and Global Perspectives. Kampala: Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University, 2005.
Communicable Diseases Discussion Paper.docx
This document discusses the global burden of communicable diseases. Key points include:
- Communicable diseases cause a significant portion of deaths and disability worldwide, disproportionately affecting poor populations.
- Major communicable diseases discussed include tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria, polio, Ebola, neglected tropical diseases, and emerging/reemerging diseases like COVID-19.
- Effective control relies on prevention through vaccination, improved sanitation and hygiene, and treatment of infected individuals. Addressing social and economic determinants is also important.
ABC Communicabledisease
The document discusses communicable diseases and human security. It provides an overview of communicable diseases, outlining their importance and selected diseases of public health concern such as tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and avian influenza. It discusses the global response required, including approaches such as public health interventions, regulations, and partnerships. The World Bank plays a role in mounting a global response by collaborating with other organizations as part of global health partnerships.
Keynote address: 'No time to lose: of infectious diseases, science, politics ...
Keynote address: 'No time to lose: of infectious diseases, science, politics ...European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Presentation from the European Scientific Conference on Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology (ESCAIDE), published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)Ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030?
1) We know who is most vulnerable to HIV infection in different parts of the world, such as young women in southern Africa and sex workers in southern Asia.
2) There are proven prevention and treatment methods available, and prices for diagnostics and medications have decreased while investments have increased.
3) However, criminalization of key populations, gender inequality, lack of youth-friendly services, insufficient funding for prevention, and failure to prioritize key affected groups pose barriers to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as envisioned. The role of the Netherlands includes advocacy, funding, and convening partners to address these challenges through a human rights-based, evidence-driven approach focused on at-risk groups.
Aids Out Life In
The future belongs to young people ...
and it is us who will be affected most by the decisions we take today on Aids/HIV epidemic, climate change, food, energy, environmental degradation, economic stability and the continuing challenge of world poverty.
Such decisions will influence the shape and quality of our future lives and could even dictate how long we will live. So it is very important that us, as individuals and as a group, take a keen interest in these issues now – and make absolutely sure our views are heard.
_____________________________
I heard about this contest from an email from Slideshare.
Challenges in HIV prevention Tashfeen Ahmad.pptx
This document discusses challenges in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. It notes that while treatment has increased life expectancy for those with HIV, new infections still outpace treatments. Barriers to effective prevention strategies include lack of awareness of HIV status, fear of testing, inability to maintain ongoing treatment, and insufficient funding and resources for prevention programs. Overcoming these challenges requires greater implementation of prevention strategies, increasing awareness of HIV/AIDS, raising funds for treatment and testing centers, and improving access to preventive tools and care.
Seminar on hiv
This document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS. It discusses the background of HIV, including how it attacks the immune system. It describes the stages of HIV infection and provides a brief history of AIDS. The epidemiological triad of agent, host, and environment related to HIV transmission is examined. At-risk groups and behaviors are identified. Global and national statistics on prevalence and distribution are presented. Objectives of preventing and controlling HIV/AIDS through various strategies like education, testing, and treatment are outlined. Key findings around transmission modes, clinical features, and prevention/management approaches are summarized.
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01westernpacificupdatesonncds 151203040219-lva1-app6892
01westernpacificupdatesonncds 151203040219-lva1-app6892
Western Pacific Updates on Noncommunicable Diseases
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China one child policy images
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
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Sri Lanka has made extraordinary progress in eliminating malaria, reducing cases from over 500,000 in the early 20th century to just 17 reported cases in 2015. However, malaria elimination faces ongoing challenges, as imported malaria from travelers and migrants is increasing. Sustaining malaria elimination requires continued vigilance, such as ensuring all cases are properly treated according to guidelines, conducting case investigation and response, and preparedness for potential outbreaks. Cooperation with neighboring countries is also important to address the ongoing risk of imported malaria hampering elimination efforts.
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This document discusses different methods of disease transmission including direct contact, indirect contact through fomites, droplets, airborne transmission, fecal-oral transmission, and vector-borne transmission. It also outlines common strategies for managing disease spread, which generally involve identifying infected individuals, providing early and aggressive treatment, implementing quarantine measures, conducting mass education efforts, and performing immunizations.
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http://www.mcleankids.wikifoundry.com/page/Degradation+Through+Raw+Material+Production
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Haiti earthquake - Adjustments and Responses (Correct Ver)
The 2010 Haiti earthquake caused significant damage and loss of life due to factors such as high poverty levels, lack of earthquake-resistant infrastructure, and weak government institutions. The response faced challenges including a lack of rescue resources, slow international aid, and long-term issues of poverty, corruption, and underdeveloped civil services that hindered reconstruction. The magnitude 7.0 earthquake was devastating as Haiti was unprepared for such a major seismic event.
Ethiopian Drought 2010
by Yusuke, Jose, and Sunny
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Syllabus
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Evaluate the geographic impact of HIV/AIDS at the local, national and international scales in South Africa
- 1. Evaluate the geographic impact of HIV/AIDS at the local, national and international scales. (SOUTH AFRICA) By: Alex, Manny, Michael, Rene, Tae Eun
- 2. HIV ● Human Immunodeficiency Virus ● RetroViral AIDS ● Progressive failure of the immune system ● Allows infections and cancers to thrive http://www.rkm.com.au/VIRUS/HIV/HIV-images/HIV-virus.jpg
- 3. AIDS ● (AIDS) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ● With no treatment, around 50% people who have HIV develop AIDS within ten years. ● Most common initial conditions showing presence of AIDS are pneumocystis pneumonia and esophageal candidiasis. ● Other common signs include recurring respiratory tract infections. http://topnews.in/health/files/hiv-aids_3.jpg
- 4. Spread of disease ● Relocation ● Expansion
- 5. Local Impact ● effects of Apartheid ● lack of education (improving) ● sexual violence ● Poverty, and lack of aid/facilities in poor regions ● Disparity between races (majority affected are black) ● Poorer northern regions affected more
- 6. Map showing poverty levels of regions in South Africa & % affected by HIV KwaZulu-Natal: 25.8% Western Cape: 5.3% Free State: 18.5% Northern Cape: 9.2% Limpopo:13.7% Mpumalanga: 25.3% Northwest: 17.7% Gauteng: 15.2% Eastern Cape: 15.2%
- 7. National Impact ● Overall Life Expectancy Falling (from ~60 in 1997 to ~50 in 2007) ● Around 10% of Population are HIV-positive ● Requires significant government funds to treat the HIV prevalence in South Africa. ■ Deaths of people due to HIV/AIDS reduces the taxable population ● GDP fell 0.7% per year from 1990-1997
- 9. How big is the issue? ● Number 6 in the Millennium Development Goal ● Decrease in life expectancy in some countries (especially in Africa) ● estimated 36 million people infected with HIV in world (more than population of Australia: 22.4 million) ● 95% of infected are found in developing nations ● 4th leading cause of death
- 10. Socio-Economic impacts ● 15000 new are infected each day ○ Majority infected are at working age (huge decline in workforce ● Costs for healthcare are steadily rising ● Prevention and treatment costs over developing nation’s medical budgets ● Destabilising the various nations demographics
- 11. ● Major global awareness campaigns (such as world AIDS day) ● UNAIDS was formed ● many nations have had successful prevention/treatment programs ○ Uganda has managed to greatly Response
- 12. ● ● ● ● Sources