Population Structure
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The document discusses population structure and how it can be analyzed using population pyramids. It explains that population structure looks at a country's population grouped by age and sex. Interpreting a population pyramid involves looking at recent birth rates at the base, life expectancy at the top, and any prominent age groups in the middle. It also introduces the dependency ratio, which compares economically active vs inactive portions of a population. The UK's population structure has changed from large families and high birth rates in the past to lower rates today, resulting in an aging population. Less developed countries typically have wider bases on their pyramids indicating high birth rates, while more developed countries have stabilized birth rates and more balanced age distributions.
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Population Structure
The document discusses population structure and how it can be analyzed using population pyramids. It explains that population structure looks at a country's population grouped by age and sex. Interpreting population pyramids involves looking at recent birth rates at the base, life expectancy at the top, and any prominent age groups in the middle. A country's dependency ratio is also linked to its population structure and economic activity. The document then analyzes how the UK's population structure has changed over time from 1841-1981, with fewer children and an aging population. Lastly, it compares population pyramids between more and less economically developed countries.
Population Structure
The document discusses population structure and its representation through population pyramids. It defines key terms like CBR, CDR, and life expectancy. Countries are expected to be at different stages of the demographic transition model based on their CBR and CDR. Population pyramids show the ratio of age groups in a population and how this structure impacts a population's needs. Interpreting pyramids involves placing descriptive sentences on sample pyramids from France and Kenya. Calculating a country's dependency ratio involves dividing the number of non-working young and elderly by the working-age population. Homework involves calculating dependency ratios for several countries.
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This document describes how population pyramids work and what they can reveal about a population. A population pyramid consists of two back-to-back bar graphs that plot a population on the x-axis by age and gender on the y-axis, in five-year age groups. The shape of the pyramid indicates aspects of that population such as birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy. A broad base indicates high birth rates and population growth, while a narrowing shape shows higher death rates at older ages. A bulge in the middle represents a baby boom generation. The bottom three age groups are largest because of recently higher birth rates.
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A population pyramid provides information about the proportion of males and females in different age groups. It shows the proportion of young, working-age, and elderly populations. Population pyramids can have triangular, beehive, or rectangular shapes depending on birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns. The shape and proportions revealed in a population pyramid tell the story of a country's demographic past, present, and possible future, making them important tools for policy planning and comparing countries.
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Population pyramids
Population pyramids graphically show the age and gender distribution of a country's population. There are several types of population pyramids that provide information about population trends. Expanding pyramids are typical of less developed countries and show high birth and death rates, while stationary pyramids of more developed countries show low and stable birth and death rates. Contracting pyramids seen in developed nations have decreasing birth rates and an aging population.
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Population pyramids graphically show the age and gender distribution of a country's population. There are several types of population pyramids that provide information about population trends. Expanding pyramids are typical of less developed countries and show high birth and death rates, while stationary pyramids of more developed countries show low and stable birth and death rates. Contracting pyramids seen in developed nations have decreasing birth rates and an aging population.
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India is currently in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Theory. Stage 2 is characterized by a high birth rate that remains steady while the death rate is falling, leading to a steady rise in population. Some key indicators show India has a birth rate of 20.6 per 1000 people, death rate of 7.48 per 1000, natural population increase of 1.4% per year, and is experiencing declining birth and death rates. Overall, the document analyzes India's population trends according to the Demographic Transition Theory and determines India is in Stage 2 where birth rate is high but death rate is falling, causing steady population growth.
AP Environmental Science Ch. 6, part 2 Miller LITE
age structure diagrams, declining populations, HIV, demographic transition, survivorship curves, population math
1.2 Constructing age sex pyramids
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Demographic Transition Model
The document describes the demographic transition model which explains shifts in birth and death rates as countries develop from pre-industrial to industrialized. It outlines four stages: 1) high birth and death rates with slow population growth; 2) declining death rates with continuing high birth rates leading to steady population rise; 3) declining birth rates with low death rates resulting in further population rise; 4) low birth and death rates with population remaining steady or decreasing. It provides examples of countries at each stage of the transition.
Demographic Transition
The document discusses population change over time using the Demographic Transition Model. The model outlines 4 stages of population growth:
1) High birth/death rates and slow population increase
2) Decreasing death rates lead to faster population growth
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4) Low, stable birth and death rates and population levels off
The document analyzes factors like improved sanitation, medicine, and food production that contribute to lower death rates in stages 2-3. It also notes criticisms of the model, like its failure to account for migration or population decline in some countries.
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This document provides definitions and explanations of key population terminology used to analyze population structures and population pyramids. It defines population pyramids as age-sex graphs that show the distribution of males and females across different age groups. It also defines key demographic terms like birth rate, death rate, life expectancy, and infant/child mortality rates. The document discusses how population pyramids can take different shapes, like expansive, stationary, or constrictive, depending on whether a population is growing, stable, or declining. It provides examples of different country pyramids and how they can be analyzed.
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Population A has a large youth population and small working population, making it difficult to fund social services like health and education through taxes. Population B has an aging structure, placing pressure on health and aged care services and challenging funding due to a smaller proportion of working adults supporting more dependents.
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The document discusses population structures and their implications. It describes how population pyramids are used to show the number of males and females in different age groups, with less economically developed countries typically having a wide base and narrow top due to high birth and death rates. More developed countries tend to have a more evenly distributed population across age groups. The document notes problems that can arise from aging populations, like in the UK, or youthful populations, as in India, including increased costs for healthcare, education, and other services that strain economically active members of society.
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1) Barnet's population is projected to grow over the next 10-15 years, primarily through regeneration. Children and young people currently make up almost a quarter of Barnet's population, with over 82,000 children aged 0-9.
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3) Barnet has the second highest number of people over 65 in Greater London, and this older population is projected to increase, especially among Black and minority ethnic groups. 15% of residents over 60 live in income deprived households.
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The document discusses trends in aging populations. It notes that in 2012, 24% of Japan's population was over 65, and projections indicate Britain will reach a similar percentage by 2030. Current patterns would increase the old age dependency ratio from 280 pensioners per 1,000 working age people in 1971 to 349 per 1,000 by 2032. This is projected to increase public spending on pensions from 4.7% to 6.2% of GDP from 2007 to 2032. However, the situation is not entirely negative.
AS GEOGRAPHY POPULATION
A comprehensive presentation about population, for the AS level, using all the important definitions necessary for the exam: distribution and density, population changes, population structure, models, trends in population growth, optimum, over and under population, theories relating to world population and food supply and the demographic transition model. Case studies: Kenya, USA, Denmark, China.
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The document discusses population pyramids, which graphically represent the age and sex distribution of a population. It describes the structure of population pyramids, including how they show population size on the x-axis and age groups on the y-axis divided by gender. It also explains how to interpret population pyramids and the different types (stationary, expansive, constrictive). The document then discusses the importance of population pyramids for understanding demographic trends and policymaking. It provides examples of population pyramids in Ethiopia from 1999 and 2024, noting Ethiopia's youthful population and declining fertility rates leading to future aging.
population development
Population size is the actual number of individuals in a population. Population density is a measurement of the number of people in an area. It is an average number. Population density is calculated by dividing the number of people by area. Population density is usually shown as the number of people per square kilometer. Population distribution means the pattern of where people live. World population distribution is uneven. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people. Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live. These are usually places with hostile environments e.g. Antarctica. Places which are densely populated are habitable environments e.g. Europe
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The document discusses various population structures and trends, including sex ratios, age distributions, median ages, and population pyramids. It notes that while many less developed regions still have relatively young populations, more developed regions are aging rapidly as fertility declines and lifespans increase. Several challenges of an aging population are mentioned, such as increasing old-age dependency ratios, strain on pension and healthcare systems, and needing to adapt community infrastructure for the needs of older residents.
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A population pyramid graphically displays a population's age and sex composition using horizontal bars to present numbers or proportions of males and females in each age group. The pyramid shape can indicate factors like birth rates, population growth or decline, health, and development levels. General structures include triangles for growing populations, hexagons for stable populations, and cups for declining populations. A pyramid provides information on metrics like median age, sex ratios, dependency ratios, and expected changes based on current age distributions.
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The UK is attractive to migrants internationally for several reasons: it has strong historical Commonwealth and empire links to countries like India and Pakistan; it shares a common language with other English-speaking countries; it is an education hub with top universities; London is a global city; and as a stable member of the EU and MEDC, it provides economic opportunities. However, migration also presents challenges as evident in the influx of Polish migrants - while there are economic benefits to the UK, problems can arise from intervening obstacles and potential "trickle back" returns of some migrants to their home countries.
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This document discusses how migration is changing the face of the European Union. It outlines understanding key migrations into and within the EU at a global scale. It also evaluates the economic, social, political and environmental impacts of migration and the reactions they create. The document describes types of migrations and migration theory, including push factors, intervening obstacles, and pull factors. It asks the reader to produce a timeline showing key migration groups to the UK, their source countries and destinations, and reasons for migration.
Uk Population Change
Life expectancy varies significantly across different parts of the UK, ranging from 80.8 years in Kensington and East Dorest to 69.3 years in Glasgow City. Areas with the highest life expectancies tend to be affluent parts of southern England, while parts of Scotland and northern England have the lowest life expectancies. Factors like income levels, access to healthcare, and general health and lifestyle habits may help explain the differences in life expectancy shown across UK regions.
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The document discusses factors that contribute to the economic development of a location, including natural resources like oil, coastal access for trade, infrastructure, strategic geographic position, large workforce, skilled labor, and common languages. It also explains the multiplier effect where an initial investment stimulates further economic activity through business partnerships and increased spending and tax revenue. Cumulative causation is described as wealth concentrating in places over time due to globalization allowing access to global markets and skills.
One World Airline Destinations
This document is a map showing flight routes between destinations in the oneworld airline alliance. It displays routes connecting cities across Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America, and the Pacific region. Flight times are shown between destinations on the map with lines indicating scheduled routes and times.
Global Networks
This document discusses the history and development of global networks from ancient times to modern day. It outlines key milestones like the first sailing ships in 200AD, canals and stagecoaches in the 1500-1700s, the first steam ship crossing the Atlantic in 1819, the transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866, early radio and television experiments in the 1890s and 1920s, and the introduction of commercial air travel, cars, and mobile phones in the early-to-mid 20th century. These developments in transport, telecommunications, and technology have helped connect the world and build modern global networks.
To What Extent Are Population Policies Successful
To what extent are population policies successful? This document discusses population policies and their success in influencing birth rates. It outlines anti-natalist policies that aim to decrease birth rates through family planning, contraception, sex education, and abortion. Pro-natalist policies aim to increase birth rates using incentives like cash bonuses and tax breaks for larger families. The success of these policies depends on government commitment, public involvement, and whether they have achieved their goal of changing birth rates. Singapore is used as an example of a country that implemented policies and saw its birth rate decline, potentially endangering its future workforce and aging population.
Lesson 2 Theories For The Relationship Between Population And Resources
There are differing theories on the relationship between population growth and resources. Thomas Malthus predicted a population catastrophe as population grows geometrically while food supply only increases arithmetically. Neo-Malthusians like the Club of Rome warned of limits to growth if trends continued unchanged. However, Ester Boserup argued that humans can innovate to increase food supply in response to population pressure through technologies like irrigation and better farming techniques.
Lesson 2 What Is Globalisation And How Is It Changing Peoples Lives
Globalization is changing population dynamics around the world. It accelerates demographic transition as countries develop economically and socially. There are five stages of demographic transition: early on, birth and death rates are both high; eventually, death rates fall due to improved health conditions while birth rates remain high, causing population growth. Later, as countries develop further, birth rates also fall as women's roles change and family planning increases. Some countries now have low or even negative population growth as birth rates drop below death rates. Globalization also influences migration patterns, concentrating new industries in some areas and reducing jobs in others, pushing and pulling people between places. Factors like cost, policy, and information availability can intervene to obstruct migration.
Lesson 1 What Is Globalisation And How Is It Changing Peoples Lives
Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness between places due to factors like improved transportation and communication technologies that have accelerated the movement of people, goods, capital, and ideas globally. This document discusses understanding the meaning and process of globalization, outlining factors driving it like postwar economic growth, and examining related global trends such as international migration patterns and their link to increasing interconnectedness worldwide.
Lesson 2 Theories For The Relationship Between Population And Resources
There are differing theories on the relationship between population growth and resources. Thomas Malthus predicted a population catastrophe as population grows geometrically while food supply only increases arithmetically. Neo-Malthusians like the Club of Rome warned of limits to growth in the 1970s. However, Ester Boserup argued that population growth triggers innovation that allows food supply to increase through technologies like irrigation and better farming techniques.
World population trends
The document discusses patterns in world population growth, comparing trends in more economically developed world (MEDW) and less economically developed world (LEDW) populations. MEDW populations are growing more slowly with fertility rates below replacement level, while LEDW continue to grow at 1.8% annually, though rates are declining as countries develop. The concepts of overpopulation, underpopulation, and optimum population are introduced based on relationships between population size, resources, technology, and living standards.
Suburbanisation Pres
Suburbanisation is the movement of people from central urban areas to surrounding residential areas, enabled by improvements in transportation infrastructure. This has caused changes in land use patterns, with new housing developments, local shopping centers, schools, parks, and golf courses being built. A case study of St. Ives, Cambridgeshire shows how increased affordable housing and a growing retired population has led to rising home prices and more commuters traveling long distances by train into London daily.
Uk Population Change
The population has increased since the 1800s due to the birth rate exceeding the death rate. The birth rate rose as contraception became more available but is now falling as people prioritize careers over starting families. The death rate is very low because of advances in medicine, sanitation, and healthcare for the elderly. Economic, social, and political factors like the cost of living, people marrying later in life, and postwar baby booms have also impacted population changes. Migration within and to the UK affects the age distribution and concentration of populations in urban areas.
The Dtm
The document discusses the demographic transition model (DTM) and how it relates to population structures in less economically developed countries (LEDCs) and more economically developed countries (MEDCs). The DTM describes changes in birth and death rates over time and shows countries pass through 5 stages of population change. The DTM can be used to identify what stage a country is in based on its population pyramid. While most MEDCs have passed through all stages, taking around 200 years, many LEDCs are still in stages 2 or 3 of rapid population growth, moving through the stages more quickly due to policies and medical aid.
Industrial Change In The Uk
De-industrialization is the decline in importance of manufacturing industries and reduction in their percentage of the total workforce. Traditional heavy industries like shipbuilding, steel, and textiles in the UK have suffered, with shipbuilding declining in areas like South Wales and northeast England for many years. The closure of the steel industry in Consett, County Durham in 1980 due to economic reasons resulted in 4,000 job losses and 30% male unemployment. New manufacturing industries have developed in electronics and computing in the UK, attracted by a qualified labor force, university research, good communications, government incentives, and a pleasant work environment. Cambridge Science Park is the largest science park in the UK, home to over 700 hi-tech companies employing over 20
Population And Settlement
The document summarizes key topics related to settlements, population, and migration. It discusses factors that influence the location and size of settlements and how changes in settlements can affect quality of life. It also outlines factors that influence population distribution and growth rates. Additionally, it lists advantages and disadvantages of migration for both destination countries and countries of origin, such as impacts on labor markets, integration, money sent back to families, loss of skilled workers, and changes to demographic structures.
The Use Of Greenfield And Brownfield Sites
There is pressure to build new homes in England to accommodate population and household growth. Building on brownfield sites in cities has advantages like revitalizing decaying areas and reducing urban sprawl, but issues include potential land contamination cleanup costs and increased housing prices driving out local residents. Greenfield development has disadvantages such as high upfront infrastructure costs and environmental impacts from converting rural land, but can provide more lower density housing. Local governments must decide between brownfield and greenfield options while balancing various community and environmental factors.
Re Urbanisation Manchester
Re-urbanisation is the movement of high-income groups back into central urban areas in more economically developed countries. In Manchester, areas like Salford Quays and Castlefields that were previously industrial sites have been redeveloped with new residential, commercial, and leisure spaces to attract residents and tourists back to the inner city, helped by improved public transportation like trams that reduce congestion.
Urbanisation
The document discusses reurbanization, the process of redevelopment in existing cities and suburbs rather than on the outskirts. Higher income individuals are moving back into inner cities, driven by changes making urban areas more attractive like new buildings, crime reduction, and proximity to jobs. As an example, Bristol, UK redeveloped its former docklands after industries declined, addressing problems of dereliction and unemployment. Gentrification, where wealthier residents renovate and increase property values in low-cost neighborhoods, displacing prior residents, is connected to reurbanization as higher incomes move back into cities.
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Population Structure
- 4. Interpreting Pop Pyramids Start at the base – what has happened recently? Next go to the top – how long do people live for? Then look at the middle – are there any age groups that stand out? Long / short bars?
- 7. How has the population structure of the UK changed over time?
- 8. How has the population structure of the UK changed over time?
- 9. How has the population structure of the UK changed over time? Male Female Population in millions
- 10. How has the population structure of the UK changed over time?
- 13. LEDW This country has a high BR – the pyramid has a wide base But it also has a high DR – shown by the steeply sloping pyramid
- 14. Falling BR In some LEDCs, the Government is encouraging families to have fewer children so the BR is falling – the base is becoming narrower.
- 15. MEDW Low DR – pyramid is wider at the top The largest group of people was born around 40 years ago – ‘baby boomers’. There are roughly the same amount of people in each age category – BR is stable. Male Female Population in millions
- 16. Declining population BR is falling – the number of people in each category is getting smaller In the future the elderly population will make up the largest section of the population – an ageing population
- 17. MEDW vs LEDW Male Female Population in millions