This document outlines the schedule and content for a short term training program on FPGA-based digital systems. The program will cover topics on digital design with FPGAs through lectures, hands-on lab sessions, assignments, and extra classes. It will also include case studies and quizzes. The schedule lists the daily activities over two days, including introductions, labs, and discussions in designated rooms.

1. Short Term Training Program on
“FPGA Based Digital Systems with Application
to SDR in Cognitive Environment”
Introduction to Digital Design with FPGAs
Prof. Anish Goel

2. What’s in the Programme
 Theory/Knowledge
 Experiments
 Hands-On Sessions
 Case Studies
 Quizzes
 Key contacts
 Query Sessions
 Beyond the course
 Nutcrackers
 Teaching/Learning
2 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel

3. Schedule of the Programme
3 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
Monday 5th Oct STTP Module Venue
9 -9.30 Registration Room No 304
9.30- 11.30 Introduction to topic Room No 304
11.30-12.00 Formal Inaugural & Tea Break Room No 304
12.00 - 1.00 Lab I Room No 405 & 406
1.00 - 2.00 Lunch
2.00 - 4.00 Lab II Room No 405 & 406
4.00 - 8.00 Extra Sessions/Discussions Room No 405 & 406
Tuesday 6th Oct
9.00 - 10.30 FPGA Based Comm. Systems Room No 304
10.30 - 11. 00 Tea Break Room No 304
11.00 - 12.00 Lab III Room No 405 & 406
12.00-1.00 Lab IV Room No 405 & 406
1.00 - 2.00 Lunch
2.00 - 4.00 Lab V Room No 405 & 406
4.00 - 8.00 Extra Sessions/Discussions Room No 405 & 406

4. Learning Cycle in our STTP
Lectures
Case
Studies
Lab
Sessions
Extra
Classes
Assignm
ents
Software
Leaning
System
Design
4 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel

5. Possible Outcomes of STTP
Knowledge
Practice
Attitude &
Aptitude
Wave of Interest and
Fun learning
Stay Happy! Stay Blessed!
Danger
Bouncer, Hectic,
Bla Bla Bla
WARNING !!!
DO NOT PROCEED
Proper Attitude
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6. Head-start Here
Digital Design using FPGA’s
 Any circuit capable of processing Digital Data is termed
as a digital system.
 A system is a black box with inputs and outputs and a
relation between them.
Human Brain
(processing data for Participants
not listening to my lecture)
Inputs (Senses) Outputs (Actions)
Start Singing ?
Make them Sleep?
Walk Away?
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7. Anyways Examples in Our World for
systems
 Automobile Engine
 VCD player
 Computer
 Smartphone
 Audio System
 Pen Drive
 Internet
 Whatever else
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8. Digital and Analog
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
TimeT1 T2 T3
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9. Realistic & Non-Realistic Signal
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10. A little Push Helps
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11. Digital Systems
 So digital systems are the ones that understand and process
digital/discrete data.
 We use only binary digital systems.
 Lot of research on Ternary and Quaternary Systems is being
carried out.
 But if you try to increase the number of discrete levels then
ultimately you would arrive at analog systems.
 In short binary digital systems are simple to understand,
analyze and design.
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12. HDL (Hardware Description Language)
Digital Systems
Digital Systems
A
B C <= A.B
Digital Systems
B
A
C
Binary OutputBinary Inputs
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13. Describe the Hardware
Digital Systems
Library ieee;
Use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
EntityEntity DigitalSystemDigitalSystem isis
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B
A
C
Digital Systems
Binary OutputBinary Inputs
Port (Port (a,ba,b: in bit;: in bit;
c: out bit);c: out bit);
end DigitalSystem;
Architecture behav of DigitalSystem is
A
B
Digital Systems
C <= A.B
Begin
C <= a and b;C <= a and b;
end behav;

14. Microprocessors and ASIC’s
 A microprocessor is a general purpose Digital System that can be
programmed for any functionality.
 For Eg.To implement
For I = 1;I < 10; I ++
X(I) =Y(I) + Z(I)
End
 So the above code requires following in terms of hardware:
 Adder
 Counter
 Registers
 But the microprocessor will have lots of additional circuitry like
arithmetic and logical circuits, memory interfaces, communication
interfaces etc.
 These circuits are required for implementing other functions
depending on the code, but not required for our small code as
above.
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15. Microprocessors and ASIC’s
 In case where the circuit only needs to run the above
code only, having a microprocessor would be like wastage
of resources as most of its hardware remains unused.
 Instead if we are able to design only required circuit that
works efficiently then the system performance will
increase.
 Such a kind of circuit can be termed as Application
Specific Integrated Circuit or ASIC in short.
 FPGAs are the most common platform to implement
ASIC due to their re-configurability and ease of use.
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16. Clear Difference!
Microprocessors FPGAs
Hardware is Already Present
Program it !
Theirs no Hardware
Create it !
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17. Design Flow for ASIC (VLSI/CHIP)
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18. FPGA Design Flow
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19. Advantages of FPGA based Design
 Rapid prototyping.
 Real time results.
 Simulation and design up-gradation possible.
 Time to market reduces.
 Re-configurability at any time.
 Hardware updates possible in future.
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20. Case Study – Full adder design
Full AdderB
A
C
S
Cout
S = A xor B xor C
S = (A and B) or (A and C) or (B and C)
A B C S Cout
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
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21. Nutcracker I
99 X 99 = ?
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22. Full adder Physical design flow
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23. Full Adder Circuit
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24. Full Adder Layout
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25. Nutcracker II
2 x 2 = ?
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26. Memory Based Digital Design
Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel26
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
What’s in the Black Box ?
Black Box
A
B
C

27. Memory Based Digital Design
Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel27
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 1
What’s in the Black Box ?
Black Box
A
B
C

28. Answer: Its memory (ROM)
Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel28
0
1
1
0
A
B
C
2 Bit Address
1 bit Data

29. Full Adder Design - FPGA
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
entity fa is
Port ( a : in STD_LOGIC;
b : in STD_LOGIC;
cin : in STD_LOGIC;
s : out STD_LOGIC;
cout : out STD_LOGIC);
end fa;
architecture Behavioral of fa is
begin
s <= a xor b xor cin;
cout <= (a and b) or (a and cin) or (b and cin);
end Behavioral;
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30. Full Adder Synthesis (RTL)
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31. Full Adder Technology View
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32. FPGA already knows the output. It doesn’t
calculate.
 Consider a multiplier
circuit that can be fed
with 2 numbers in the
range 1-4.
 Thus there can be 16
combinations of the
inputs.
 For each combination
the output is know as we
know it’s a multiplier.
A B A*B
1 1 1
1 2 2
1 3 3
1 4 4
2 1 2
2 2 4
2 3 6
2 4 8
3 1 3
3 2 6
3 3 9
3 4 12
4 1 4
4 2 8
4 3 12
4 4 16
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33. FPGA Highlights
 A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an
integrated circuit designed to be configured by a
customer or a designer after manufacturing – hence
“field-programmable".
 Technically speaking, an FPGA can be used to solve any
problem which is computable.
 Another trend on the usage of FPGAs is hardware
acceleration, where one can use the FPGA to accelerate
certain parts of an algorithm and share part of the
computation between the FPGA and a generic processor.
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34. Common FPGA Applications
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•Aerospace and Defense
•Avionics/DO-254
•Communications
•Missiles & Munitions
•Secure Solutions
•Space
•Medical Electronics
•ASIC Prototyping
•Audio
•Connectivity Solutions
•Portable Electronics
•Radio
•Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
•Automotive
•High Resolution Video
•Image Processing
•Vehicle Networking and Connectivity
•Automotive Infotainment
•Broadcast
•Real-TimeVideo Engine
•EdgeQAM
•Encoders
•Displays
•Switches and Routers
•Consumer Electronics
•Digital Displays
•Digital Cameras
•Multi-function Printers
•Portable Electronics
•Set-top Boxes
•Data Center
•Servers
•Security
•Routers
•Switches

35. More Applications
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•High Performance Computing
•Servers
•Super Computers
•SIGINT Systems
•High-end RADARs
•High-end Beam Forming Systems
•Data Mining Systems
•Industrial
•Industrial Imaging
•Industrial Networking
•Motor Control
•Medical
•Ultrasound
•CT Scanner
•MRI
•X-ray
•PET
•Surgical Systems
•Scientific Instruments
•Lock-in amplifiers
•Phase-locked loops
•Security
•Industrial Imaging
•Secure Solutions
•Video & Image Processing
•High Resolution Video
•Video Over IP Gateway
•Digital Displays
•Wired Communications
•OpticalTransport Networks
•Network Processing
•Connectivity Interfaces
•Wireless Communications
•Baseband
•Connectivity Interfaces
•Mobile Backhaul
•Radio

36. FPGA – Products and Market
 http://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/products/fpga-
pld/fpgas-big-space-satellites-2015-04/
 http://www.element14.com/community/docs/DOC-
13492/l/simplify-analog-channel-design-in-fpga-based-dso
 http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/fpga.as
p
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37. Conclusion
 Digital Design using FPGAs required knowledge of Digital
Logic to design but ultimately implemented in generic
logic like memory or LUT.
 FPGA is a reconfigurable hardware that can be updated
just like OS (Android/Windows) provides software
updates.
 VLSI technology is already on the verge of saturation in
terms of Frequency of Operation and Device Size, hence
industry has started focusing more on Architecture based
enhancements.
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38. Disclaimer !
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39. Disclaimer !
 The data/material/information presented here are based
on learning from books, internet, experience and studies.
This programme aims to guide you along the lines of
learning and provides you with the same environment for
a short span. Please read the study material and
references carefully.
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