International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology is a peer-reviewed journal that accepts original research article and review papers pertaining to the scope of the journal. The aim of the journal is to create break free communication link between the research communities.

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4. International Journal of Distributed
Computing and Technology
International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology is a comprehensive journal that covers all
the topics of Distributed operating system.All articles that are included in the journal are peer-reviewed and
follow stringent guidelines before publishing. From Decentralized computing to Optical computing all the
topicsfallunder thescopeandthefocusofthisjournal.
Focus and Scope oftheJournal
! Decentralized computing
! Distributed algorithmic mechanism design
! Distributed cache
! Distributed operating system
! Multiprocessor and multi-core architectures
! Synchronization protocols and concurrent programming
! Parallel programming
! Distributed sensor networks
! Pervasive computing
! Optical computing
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INTERNAL MEMBERS
Associate Manager
Chairman
Mr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director,
JournalsPub,
New Delhi
Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Akanksha Marwah
Deepika Bhadauria
Commissioning Editors
Priyanka Garg
Chhavi Goel
Shrawani Verma

6. EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Mansaf Alam Alam
Department of Computer Science,
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
Senthil Kumar Lakshmanan
Department of IT GNITS, Shaikpet,
Hyderabad, India
Professor Ravi Prakash Reddy
Department of IT GNITS, Shaikpet, Hyderabad,
India
Dr. Kiran Sree
Professor, Department of CSE, NBKRIST,
Vidyanagar, Nellore (Andhra Pradesh), India
Dr. Tripty Singh
Asst.Professor, Amrita School of Engg,
Bangalore,
India
Dr. S. Sreejith
Associate Professor, Power Electronics and Drives
Division, School of Electrical Engineering,Vellore
Institute of Technology, India
Dr. R G Jeyakumar
Professor, Amrita School of Engineering,
Coimbatore., India
Dr. T Abirami
Professor, Kongu Engineering College,
Perundurai, Erode Tamilnadu, India
Ziyan Wu
Research Scientist, Vision Solutions and
Technologies, Siemens Corporate Research,
Princeton, NJ
B M Alaudeen
Asst.Professor, AVS College of Arts & Science
,Salem, India
Mr. Sanku Sinha
Assistant Professor, R.V.S. College of
Engineering and Technology,
Jamshedpur, India
Mr. S Sivakumar
Periyar University, Salem,
India
B M Alaudeen
Asst.Professor, AVS College of Arts & Science
,Salem, India
K Abirami
Amrita School Of Engineering, Coimbatore,
India
Kalyan Kumar Jena
Dept. of CSEA, IGIT, Sarang, Odisha,
India
Ch.Satyananda Reddy
Associate Professor in the Department of
Computer Science and Systems Engineering,
College of Engineering, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam.
Dr. Kiran Sree
Professor in the department of CSE at
NBKRIST, India

7. From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology. This journal is
part of the Computer Science and Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present
Engineering issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the
validationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Distributed Computing and
Technology as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of
scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Computer Science and
Engineeringcommunity,addressing researchers and practitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology in JournalsPub is to
propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and
professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Computer Science and
Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their
papers atexcellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology focuses on original high-quality research
in the realm of Decentralized computing, Distributed algorithmic mechanism design, Distributed cache,
Distributed operating system, Multiprocessor and multi-core architectures, Synchronization protocols and
concurrent programming, Parallel programming Distributed sensor networks, Pervasive computing,
Opticalcomputing.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Computer
ScienceandEngineeringand solutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Computer Science
and Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the
idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others,
reportingnewdevelopmentsinthefieldofComputer ScienceandEngineering.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Computer Science and
Engineering readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Computer Science and
Engineering.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

8. 1. CSPC: A New Approach for Edge Detection of Gray-Scale Images
Kalyan Kumar Jena, Sarojananda Mishra, Sasmita Mishra 1
2. An Improved Approach for Edge Detection of Noisy Images
Kalyan Kumar Jena, Sarojananda Mishra, Sasmita Mishra 7
3. Analysis of Fingerprint Image Enhancement by Different Methods
Mayur S. Patil, Sandip S. Patil 14
4. Short Communication: Human Resource Management System
Kshitij Singh Raghav 23
5. Location Search with Mobile Images Using Spatial Data
Anirudh Mathur 25
Contents

9. IJDCT (2016) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology
ISSN: 2455-7307 (online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
CSPC: A New Approach for Edge Detection of Gray-Scale
Images
Kalyan Kumar Jena*
, Sarojananda Mishra, Sasmita Mishra
Department of CSEA, IGIT, Sarang, Odisha, India
Abstract
We can define an edge of an image as a set of connected pixels that creates boundaries of
several objects in an image. Generally, Edge detection is a process of segmenting an image
into regions of discontinuity. Edge detection takes a greater role in digital image processing
as well as practical aspects of our life. Edges of an image can be generated by implementing
several edge detector mechanisms. In this paper, anew edge detection mechanism that
computes edges of different images using the quantitative combination of Canny-Sobel-
Prewitt-Canny (C-S-P-C) edge detectors is presented. Here, the proposed methodology is
compared with Canny, Sobel and Prewitt edge detectors separately.
Keywords: Canny-Sobel-Prewitt (C-S-P-C) edge detectors, edge detection, digital image
processing
INTRODUCTION
Digital image processing refers to the use
of computer algorithm in order to perform
image processing on several digital
images.[1]
It is a very popular mechanism
that can be widely used for digital image
processes or operations like pattern
recognition, segmentation, feature
extraction, image morphology, etc. Edge
detection is a very popular and well
developed field in image processing.
Edges normally arise on the boundary
between two different regions or objects in
an image.[2–19]
Generally, Edge detection mechanism
allows the user to check those features of
any image in which there is a more or less
abrupt change in case of gray level or
texture that indicates the end of one region
or object in the image as well as the
beginning of another. It has a lot of real
time applications like finger print
recognition, study of anatomical structure,
face recognition, medical imaging,
computer guided surgery diagnosis, locate
object in satellite images, automatic traffic
controlling systems, etc.[20–25]
There are
many traditional operators such as Sobel
Operator, Prewitt Operator, LOG
Operator, Canny Operator and Robert
Operator which are used for edge detection
of images.[6]
Different methods can be used for edge
detection. But, maximum methods can be
grouped into either Gradient or
Laplacian.[2]
In case of Laplacian method,
it checks for zero crossings in the 2nd
derivative of the image specifically to find
edges. In Image Processing and Computer
Vision, Edges give valuable and very
important information towards human
image understanding. [7]
Now-a-days, edge detection has become
very serious challenge to the image
processing scientist and researchers. Due

10. IJDCT (2016) 7–13 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7
International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology
ISSN: 2455-7307 (online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
An Improved Approach for Edge Detection of Noisy Images
Kalyan Kumar Jena*, Sarojananda Mishra, Sasmita Mishra
Department of CSEA, IGIT, Sarang, Odisha, India
Abstract
Edge detection of images is a very serious challenge to the researchers till date. Several
techniques can be implemented to detect the edges of different images. But a single edge
detection methodology is not enough to perform very well in each and every possible image
context. In this paper, an innovative edge detection methodology is presented, that computes
the edges of different images using the combination of Bergholm–Rothwell–Sobel–Prewitt
edge detectors (BRSP). Here, the edge detection of images using B-R-S-P technique is
compared with each Operator individually.
Keywords: Bergholm–Rothwell–Sobel–Prewitt edge detectors, B-R-S-P technique, Edge
detection, image context
INTRODUCTION
Edges in context of image processing and
computer vision provide valuable
information towards human image
understanding. It probably most important
processing step in human picture
recognition system consists of edge
detection process naturally.[1]
Edge
detection has become serious challenge to
image processing scientist.
Edge detection algorithm is essentially a
process of detection of this discontinues in
an image.[2,3]
Since the abrupt change in
brightness level indicates edge, its
detection in binary or segmented image is
quite straight forward. There could be
various reasons, such as lighting
conditions, object geometry, type of
material surface texture, etc. as well as
their mutual interaction, for
discontinuities.
How does edge comes in an image? The
answer to this question probably, provides
the early clue for locating edge in an
image.
The variation of image feature, usually
brightness gives rise to edges. Objectively
the edges are representation of the
discontinuities of image intensity
function.[4]
However, the process of edge
localization is quite complex in case of
gray level or intensity image.
The nature of intensity variation points to
application of derivative operators for
detecting edges, application of derivative
operator on intensity image produce
another image, usually called gradient
image as it reveals the rate of intensity
variation.
The transition in intensity in Gray scale
image is relatively smooth in nature rather
than abrupt in case of segmented image or
binary image. The image is then made to
undergo thresholding and /or edge linking
in order to yield contours. There are many
ways to perform edge detection.[2]

11. IJDCT (2016) 14–22 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 14
International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology
ISSN: 2455-7307 (online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Analysis of Fingerprint Image Enhancement by Different
Methods
Mayur S. Patil*, Sandip S. Patil
Department of Computer Engineering, SSBT’s COET, Bambhori, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The fingerprint enhancement method using directional filter/Rotational filter is effective in
both dry fingerprint images and wet fingerprint images. It removes noise in between the ridge
and filling the white hole in the ridge. This leads to decrease the False Acceptance Rate
(FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR), in fingerprint minutiae extraction. In fingerprint
image enhancement, for the image matching there are used various filters likes Gabor filter,
FFT filter etc. By using these filters the noise is reduced and image is cleared. Then this
image is matched with stored image.
Keywords: false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR), directional median
filter (DMF), multi-resolution analysis.
BACKGROUND
The biometry or biometrics refers to the
automatic identification of an individual
by using certain physiological or
behavioral traits associated with the
person.
Fingerprints are fully formed at about
seven months of fetus development and
finger ridge configurations do not change
throughout the life of an individual except
due to accidents such as bruises and cuts
on the fingertips.
A fingerprint consists of ridges as well as
valleys. The outline of the ridges and
valleys is unique for every individual.
There are two most important methods of
fingerprint matching: global pattern
matching and local Features. The first
approach analyses ridge bifurcations and
endings, the second technique represents
additional macroscopic approach. The last
approach considers the stream of ridges in
conditions of, for example, arches, whorls
and loops.
ROTATIONAL
FILTER/DIRECTIONAL FILTER
Directional Filter is one of the
enhancement techniques which are
familiar in multi-resolution enhancement
method. [1]
The Multi-resolution analysis
has been proposed to remove noise from
fingerprint image by decomposing the
image into different frequency bands (or
sub-images). This allows compensating for
different noise components at different
scales: in particular, at higher levels (low
and intermediate frequency bands) the
rough ridge-valley flow is cleaned and
gaps are closed, whereas at the lower
levels (Higher frequencies) the finer
details are preserved. The enhanced image
bands are then recombined to obtain the
final image. Generally, in directional filter
bank, the fingerprint image is divided into
eight parts according to the orientation of
the ridge structure. The eight orientations

12. IJACS (2016) 23–24 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 23
International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology
ISSN: 2455-7307(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Short Communication: Human Resource Management System
Kshitij Singh Raghav
Department of MCA, Guru Gobind Singh IP University, New Delhi, India
Every organization has numerous types of
resources like office equipments, finance,
raw material, etc. Human Resource (HR)
is one of these resources. It is the most
vital among all the resources of an
organization. So, HR functions are
common to all type of organizations.
These HR functions may include
recruitment, time management,
management of payroll, and many more.
In the scenario of handling thousands of
employees, their recruitment procedure,
their time scheduling and their salary slip
generation according to their packages,
and their working days may become
difficult to handle manually. Here comes
the need of a system which can help the
administration to do all the above said
jobs in an automated and efficient
manner. We call our proposed system as
Human Resource Management System
(HRMS), which is being developed for
the management of human of HR.
Source: Wikipedia
There is a huge amount of information which needs to be entered, stored, and searched
thereafter related to large number of employee of a particular organization. HRMS reduces
the work load of the administration department by automating all the related process
electronically. This HRMS not only automates the data entry for employee details such as
personal information, past experience details, skills, and so on, but also efficiently manage
the time/work relation for every employee and the work distribution methods generates the
payment cheques periodically and

13. IJDCT (2016) 25–26 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 25
International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology
ISSN: 2455-7307(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Location Search With Mobile Images Using Spatial Data
Anirudh Mathur*
Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
Abstract
This paper describes a method to do location recognition based on images taken from mobile
devices. Its usefulness emerges out when we are in a foreign land and because of language
barrier we fail to collect relevant information regarding popular monuments or structures.
Now searching a matching image would mean comparing earth’s moon with billions of stars
in the entire galaxy. It is computationally very expensive to match with billions of images
from web. So we devise a hybrid image-keyword-spatial data mechanism for searching.
Keywords: image, mobile, searching
INTRODUCTION
Majority of search engines today use
keyword based image searches. Image
based techniques often returns unrelated
images that are not even near to the
searched images.
Though these techniques are inherently
fast and computationally less expensive,
but again these techniques become less
relevant when we are in foreign unknown
land.
Google has a collection of more than a
million web pages.
These pages have been indexed with text
that appears near images or are image
caption etc. Google images already contain
EXIF data.
EXIF format has standard tags for location
information.
As of 2014 many cameras and most
mobile phones have a built-in GPS
receiver that stores the location
information in the EXIF header when a
picture is taken. Some other cameras have
a separate GPS receiver that fits into the
flash connector or hot shoe.
OUR APPROCH:
We propose a hybrid approach that can
provide content-based image retrieval by
combining spatial based, image-based and
text-based search.
We leverage the fact that there will be
redundant landmark images on the web
and that a search in a subset of the web
will likely find a matching image
We first search a set of images obtained by
crawling a restricted domain.
The domain is selected based on the spatial
data obtained either by GPS data of users
and using the mobile image send by user
for expected application, for example
monuments-related sites for a particular
geographic location.
GPS data are to be used in identifying the
region and each region already has a
database of geographic locations. This

14. IJDCT
International Journal of
Jan - Jun 2016
e-ISSN: 2455-7307
www.journalspub.com
Mechanical Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Applied Mechanics
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1 more...
2 more...
2 more...
5 more...
Computer Science and Engineering
Nanotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials
« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Material Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry
5 more...
4 more...
3 more...
Biotechnology
3 more...
Nursing
« International Journal of Immunological Nursing
« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
« International Journal of Neurological Nursing
« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing
« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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