Other translation method - Shift or transposition
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Transposition and modulation are translation techniques that involve changing the grammar or perspective between the source and target languages. Transposition refers to changes in parts of speech or grammatical structures, such as a singular noun becoming plural. Modulation changes the point of view allowing the same concept to be expressed differently, like using a double negative instead of a positive. There are standardized examples of common transpositions from English to Spanish, such as adverb + adjective becoming adverb + adjective. Recognized translation refers to using official or accepted terms for institutions, while translation labels are provisional translations for culture-specific concepts.
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- Use literal translation for legal/official documents, academic texts, where accuracy is important.
- Use communicative/dynamic translation for general texts where the focus is on naturalness in the target language/culture. The meaning should be conveyed clearly.
- For idioms, proverbs, culturally bound expressions - a literal translation may not make sense so a communicative equivalent is better.
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Other translation method - Shift or transposition
- 1. SHIFT OR TRANSPOSITION A shift (Catford) or transposition (Vinay and Darbelnet) involves a change in the grammar/part of speech from SL to TL. There's a reason for life! it could be translated as: ¡Hay una razón para la vida! However, the correct translation is ¡Hay una razón para vivir!
- 2. Transposition The change from singular to plural, eg: “Furniture” → “Muebles” → «des meubles» this word in English is uncountable and singular, in Spanish and French becomes a plural word.
- 3. When an SL grammmatical structure does not exist in TL “Working with...” → “Trabajar...” “El trabajo..." "Lo importante es" → "What's..." "The important thing..." "It's important“ "The important of the matter..."
- 4. Where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with natural usage in TL. He will soon return → Volverá pronto Volvera en breve Pronto volvera Transposition, here, offers translators a plenty of possible versions. There are a number of transpositions standardized English to Spanish worth noting that although all have more than one translation.
- 5. • 1. adverb + adjective → adverb + adjective. Ejemplo: Exceptionally large: "de una importancia excepcional". 2. Preposition → construcción preposicional. Ejemplo: After: "después de". 3. Adverbial phrase → construcción adverbial. Ejemplo: Gruffly: "de manera brusca". 4. noun + noun → noun + adjective of sustance. Ejemplo: Nerve cell: "célula nerviosa". 5. Verb of description + preposition → verb of motion+ gerund (Vinay y Darbelnet la llaman criss-cross) Ejemplo: He crawled to the window: "ganó la ventana gateando". 6. empty verb+ verb-noun → verb. Ejemplo: He gave a laugh: "el se rió". 7. Nombre + preposición + nombre → nombre + participio pasado o subordinada adjetiva + nombre. Ejemplos: The plot against him: "el complot urdido contra él", The tower on the hill: "la torre que se erguía en la colina". 8. - Oración subordinada o sintagma adverbial → construcción de participio Ejemplo: when the time comes (at the right time) I'll be ready: "Llegado el momento estaré listo".
- 6. The replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure. A la salida del teatro → "As we came out of the theatre"
- 7. MODULATION "a change in point of view that allows us to express the same phenomenon in a different way." La expresion es fácil de entender (it is easy to understand), no es complicado de entender (it is not complicated to understand)
- 8. modulation Positive for double negative (or double negative for positive) is a concrete translation procedure which can be applied in principle to any action (verb) or quality (adjective or adverb): Don’t delay: “Date prisa” Get this straight: “No te quepa duda” He’s extremely intelligent: “No tiene nada de tonto”
- 9. ‘Part of the whole’ is rather misleadingly described; it consist of what we call familiar alternatives. “la ciudad Condal” (Barcelona). Valle de las hamacas (San Salvador)
- 10. The other modulation procedures: 1. Abstract for concrete: Sit by the fire: "Sentarse junto a la chimenea". 2. cause for effect: You’re quite a stranger: “No se te ve el pelo” 3. one part for another: From cover to cover: “Desde la primera hasta la última página” 4. reversal of terms: Health insurance: “Seguro de enfermedad” 5. active for passive: It is necessarily performed when a language has not passive. 6. Space for Time: As this is itself (Space) presented a difference: “Como eso presentaba ya (tiempo) una dificultad”. 7. Intervalos y límites. 8. Cambio de símbolos.
- 11. RECOGNIZED TRANSLATION You should use the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional terms (or other) (e.g., international organizations).
- 12. TRANSLATION LABEL Translation Label: an approximate equivalent or a new term that is usually a collocation for a feature particular to the SL culture. This is a provisional translation, which should be made in inverted commas. It can later be discreetly withdrawn.
Editor's Notes
- Transposition: translation technique by which replaces a portion of the speech of the source Language (SL) with a different one than the target Language (TL) to carry the main semantic content of the first. It is a change of grammatical category. No altera el contenido porque es una manera distinta de decir lo mismo, de expresar el mismo significado. we can deduce that the transposition is the basis of stylistic alternatively. The transposition is achieved an enormous improvement of the translations. It serves to avoid monotonous and meaningless repetition.
- Applause - aplausos advice - consejos
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